奧巴馬宣誓就職：就職演講拒不妥協
當地時間昨天中午，獲得連任的美國總統奧巴馬在華盛頓國會山就職典禮上宣誓，正式開始其第二個總統任期。隨後，他在國會山前發表就職演講，儘管空喊民眾團結口號，但提及一大串刺激共和黨的爭議問題，外媒分析其並未向共和黨發出妥協信號。奧巴馬第二任期一開始，就將繼續面對共和黨的強力阻擊。
美國仍未真正走出經濟危機的陰影，奧巴馬本次的就職典禮卻依舊開支高昂。此前估計花銷高達1億美元，具體數字尚難統計。
黑壓壓的奧巴馬連任就職典禮觀禮人羣
2005年小布什的就職典禮花費了4000萬美元，到2009年奧巴馬第一個任期就職典禮就漲到了1.5億美元，當時有5000名捐款達5萬美元的私人捐贈者為就職典禮買單。
2009年1月，奧巴馬作為美國首位黑人總統宣誓就職，其就職典禮破紀錄地吸引了約180萬人參與。連任總統就職典禮人數一般會大幅下降，但奧巴馬本次就職典禮仍有約80萬人觀禮，據稱已創下連任總統就職典禮觀禮人數的紀錄。
奧巴馬連任就職典禮觀禮人羣綿延不絕
奧巴馬的車隊也聲勢浩大，摩托、警車、防彈豪車無數，5分鐘都沒有開完。
駛往就職典禮舉辦地國會山的車隊浩浩蕩蕩
就職典禮上還有重量級明星凱蒂•佩裏領銜表演，碧昂斯、愛娃•朗格利亞等明星出席。
連任總統奧巴馬親切會見明星碧昂斯
今年總統就職儀式的門票不僅吸引了明星，還引來“黃牛”炒作。國會兩院聯合就職典禮委員會為議員們分配25萬張觀禮券，由各議員辦公室自行向公眾免費發放。買賣出自議員辦公室的觀禮券不觸犯美國法律。
10日就有匿名賣家喊價4000美元兜售，價格最高的甚至炒到了上百萬美元。為了遏制這些合法的倒票活動，委員會不得不聲明，有權隨時廢棄已發放的觀禮券。
預留座位——哪一張小紙片值一百萬呢？
與門票緊俏相應的是，從週末開始，酒店的價格就水漲船高，比淡季高出一倍多。
安保工作更是重中之重。19日，國會山附近地區就已經限制車輛進入。21日，只允許持有就職典禮門票的人進入。就職典禮委員會發給媒體記者的安保須知信息更是長達4頁。
宴會服務人員一絲不苟地整理排列餐具
為了支援安保工作，還從全國各地調派大批國民警衞隊“進京”。雖然比上次減少了約1000人，仍有6000之多。這些國民警衞隊來自32個州和地區，將他們運來運去也耗資不少。
然而，安保工作還是出了些紕漏。一名反墮胎的老人在就職典禮開始前幾小時爬上距主席台約數百米的樹上，一直高聲抗議。警方搬來長梯試圖將其趕下，但最終竟因梯子高度不夠，只能放棄。
還有些團體在就職遊行隊伍經過的賓夕法尼亞大街上抗議，反戰組織要求奧巴馬停止無人機的襲擊活動，甚至打出以戰爭罪行“起訴布什”的標語。
就職演講拒不妥協
就職典禮在美國掀起了一陣熱潮，但與典禮相比，奧巴馬的演講卻乏善可陳。外媒紛紛評論其在演講中拒不妥協。
奧巴馬發表總統連任就職演講
赫芬頓郵報網站的評論稱他是“毫無悔意”的總統，稱這次演講對於支持者來説不像第一次那麼難忘，但批評者會將其看作是自由主義者的計劃表。《華盛頓郵報》稱，過去4年，白宮總謹防犯錯，現在奧巴馬將進入“衝刺模式”。
法國《國家期刊》評論説，奧巴馬在第二任期內可能更為強硬，在最近的控槍爭議中已經初露端倪。英國《衞報》也稱，奧巴馬在國內諸多方面都有雄心勃勃的改革計劃。
奧巴馬連任就職演講的演講台
BBC評論説：奧巴馬雖然提到美國的偉大隻能靠美國人團結一致、通過政府機構互相幫助來達成，但整篇演講中幾乎沒有妥協。他特別提到了一大堆會激怒反對派的問題，如氣候變化、移民、槍支控制和同性戀權利。
然而，正如英國《金融時報》所言，奧巴馬在處理國內政治問題時更像個“囚徒”。由於共和黨在眾議院佔主導，未經他們通過，奧巴馬無法批准任何法案或預算案。因此，奧巴馬在演講中表露的雄心壯志，可能都難以實現。
此外，德國《法蘭克福評論報》還用前總統第二任期內的坎坷來潑涼水。例如，尼克松的“水門事件”、里根“伊朗門”、克林頓的“拉鍊門”、布什颶風救災不力等。
奧巴馬在防彈玻璃後自信地揮手
在與中國的關係上，分析認為也不會有太多改變。中國現代國際關係研究院專家牛新春説，只要美國經濟沒有明顯好轉，美國依然會打壓中國，貿易摩擦不會減少。同時，奧巴馬也將繼續執行重返亞太的戰略。
（點擊下一頁閲讀奧巴馬就職演講中英全文）
奧巴馬連任就職演講全文：
謝謝，非常感謝大家。拜登副總統、首席大法官先生、國會議員們、尊敬的各位嘉賓、親愛的公民們。
每一次我們集會慶祝總統就職都是在見證美國憲法的持久力量。我們都是在肯定美國民主的承諾。我們重申，將這個國家緊密聯繫在一起的不是我們的膚色，也不是我們信仰的教條，更不是我們名字的來源。讓我們與眾不同，讓我們成為美國人的是我們對於一種理念的恪守。200多年前，這一理念在一篇宣言中被清晰闡述：
“我們認為下述真理是不言而喻的，人人生而平等。造物主賦予他們若干不可剝奪的權利，包括生存、自由和追求幸福的權利。”
今天，我們繼續着這一未竟的征程，架起這些理念與我們時代現實之間的橋樑。因為歷史告訴我們，即便這些真理是不言而喻的，它們也從來不會自動生效。因為雖然自由是上帝賦予的禮物，但仍需要世間的子民去捍衞。1776年，美國的愛國先驅們不是只為了推翻國王的暴政而戰，也不是為贏得少數人的特權，建立暴民的統治。先驅們留給我們一個共和國，一個民有、民治、民享的政府。他們委託每一代美國人捍衞我們的建國信條。
在過去的200多年裏，我們做到了。
從奴役的血腥枷鎖和刀劍的血光廝殺中我們懂得了，建立在自由與平等原則之上的聯邦不能永遠維持半奴隸和半自由的狀態。我們贏得了新生，誓言共同前進。
我們共同努力，建立起現代的經濟體系。架設鐵路與高速公路，加速了旅行和商業交流。建立學校與大學，培訓我們的工人。
我們一起發現，自由市場的繁榮只能建立在保障競爭與公平競爭的原則之上。
我們共同決定讓這個偉大的國家遠離危險，保護她的人民不受生命威脅和不幸的侵擾。一路走來，我們從未放棄對集權的質疑。我們同樣不屈服於這一謊言：一切的社會弊端都能夠只靠政府來解決。我們對積極向上與奮發進取的讚揚，我們對努力工作與個人責任的堅持，這些都是美國精神的基本要義。
我們也理解，時代在變化，我們同樣需要變革。對建國精神的忠誠，需要我們肩負起新的責任，迎接新的挑戰。保護我們的個人自由，最終需要所有人的共同努力。因為美國人不能再獨力迎接當今世界的挑戰，正如美國士兵們不能再像先輩一樣，用步槍和民兵同敵人(法西斯主義與共產主義)作戰。一個人無法培訓所有的數學與科學老師，我們需要他們為了未來去教育孩子們。一個人無法建設道路、鋪設網絡、建立實驗室來為國內帶來新的工作崗位和商業機會。現在，與以往任何時候相比，我們都更需要團結合作。作為一個國家，一個民族團結起來。
這一代美國人經歷了危機的考驗，經濟危機堅定了我們的決心，證明了我們的恢復力。長達十年的戰爭正在結束，經濟的復甦已經開始。美國的可能性是無限的，因為我們擁有當今沒有邊界的世界所需要的所有品質：年輕與活力、多樣性與開放、無窮的冒險精神以及創造的天賦才能。我親愛的同胞們，我們正是為此刻而生，我們更要在此刻團結一致，抓住當下的機會。
因為我們，美國人民，清楚如果只有不斷萎縮的少數人羣體獲得成功，而大多數人不能成功，我們的國家就無法成功。我們相信，美國的繁榮必須建立在不斷上升的中產階級的寬闊臂膀之上，我們知道美國的繁榮只有這樣才能實現。只有當每個人都能找到工作中的自立與自豪時才能實現。只有當誠實勞動獲得的薪水足夠讓家庭擺脱困苦的懸崖時才能實現。我們忠誠於我們的事業，保證讓一個出生於最貧窮環境中的小女孩都能知道，她有同其他所有人一樣的成功機會。因為她是一個美國人，她是自由的、平等的。她的自由平等不僅由上帝來見證，更由我們親手保護。
我們知道，我們已然陳舊的程序不足以滿足時代的需要。我們必須應用新理念和新技術重塑我們的政府，改進我們的税法，改革我們的學校，讓我們的公民擁有他們所需要的技能，更加努力地工作，學更多的知識，向更高處發展。這意味着變革，我們的目標是：國家可以獎勵每個美國人的努力和果斷。
這是現在需要的。這將給我們的信條賦予真正的意義。
我們人民仍然認為，每個公民都應當獲得基本的安全和尊嚴。我們必須做出艱難抉擇，降低醫療成本，縮減赤字規模。但我們拒絕在照顧建設國家的這一代和投資即將建設國家的下一代間做出選擇。因為我們記得過去的教訓：老年人的夕陽時光在貧困中度過，家有殘障兒童的父母無處求助。我們相信，在這個國家，自由不只是那些幸運兒的專屬，或者説幸福只屬於少數人。我們知道，不管我們怎樣負責任地生活，我們任何人在任何時候都可能面臨失業、突發疾病或住房被可怕的颶風摧毀的風險。
我們通過醫療保險、聯邦醫療補助計劃、社會保障項目向每個人做出承諾，這些不會讓我們的創造力衰竭，而是會讓我們更強大。這些不會讓我們成為充滿不勞而獲者的國度，這些讓我們敢於承擔風險，讓國家偉大。
我們人民仍然相信，我們作為美國人的義務不只是對我們自己而言，還包括對子孫後代。我們將應對氣候變化的威脅，認識到不採取措施應對氣候變化就是對我們的孩子和後代的背叛。一些人可能仍在否定科學界的壓倒性判斷，但沒有人能夠避免熊熊火災、嚴重旱災、更強力風暴帶來的災難性打擊。通向可再生能源利用的道路是漫長的，有時是困難的。但美國不能抵制這種趨勢，我們必須引領這種趨勢。我們不能把製造新就業機會和新行業的技術讓給其他國家，我們必須明確這一承諾。這是我們保持經濟活力和國家財富(我們的森林和航道，我們的農田與雪峯)的方法。這將是我們保護我們星球的辦法，上帝把這個星球託付給我們。這將給我們的建國之父們曾宣佈的信條賦予意義。
我們人民仍然相信持久的安全與和平，不需要持續的戰爭。我們勇敢的士兵經受了戰火的考驗，他們的技能和勇氣是無可匹敵的。我們的公民依然銘記着那些陣亡者，他們非常清楚我們為自由付出的代價。明白他們的犧牲將讓我們永遠對那些試圖傷害我們的勢力保持警惕。但我們也是那些贏得和平而不只是戰爭的人們的後代，他們將仇敵轉變成最可靠的朋友，我們也必須把這些經驗帶到這個時代。
我們將通過強大的軍力和法制保護我們的人民，捍衞我們的價值觀。我們將展現試圖和平解決與其它國家分歧的勇氣，但這不是因為我們對面臨的危險持幼稚的態度，而是因為接觸能夠更持久地化解疑慮和恐懼。美國將在全球保持強大的聯盟，我們將更新這些能擴展我們應對海外危機能力的機制。因為作為世界上最強大的國家，我們在世界和平方面擁有最大的利益。我們將支持從亞洲到非洲、從美洲至中東的民主國家，因為我們的利益和良心驅使我們代表那些想獲得自由的人們採取行動。我們必須成為貧困者、病患者、被邊緣化的人士、異見受害者的希望來源，不僅僅是出於慈善，也是因為這個時代的和平需要不斷推進我們共同信念中的原則：寬容和機遇，人類尊嚴與正義。
我們人民，今天昭示的最明白的事實是——我們所有人都是生而平等的，這是依然引領我們的恆星。它引領我們的先輩穿越紐約塞尼卡瀑布城(女權抗議事件)、塞爾馬(黑人權力事件)和石牆騷亂(同性戀與警察發生的暴力事件)，引領着所有的男性和女性，留下姓名和沒留姓名的人。在偉大的征程中，一路上留下足跡的人。曾經聽一位牧師説，我們不能獨自前行。馬丁-路德-金説，我們個人的自由與地球上每個靈魂的自由不可分割。
繼續先輩開創的事業是我們這代人的任務。直到我們的妻子、母親和女兒的付出能夠與她們的努力相稱，我們的征途才會結束。我們的征途不會終結，我們要讓同性戀的兄弟姐妹在法律之下得到與其他人同樣的待遇。如果我們真正是生而平等的，那麼我們對彼此的愛也應該是平等的。我們的征途沒有結束，直到沒有公民需要等待數個小時去行使投票權。我們的征途不會結束，直到我們找到更好的方法迎接努力、有憧憬的移民，他們依舊視美國是一塊充滿機會的土地。直到聰穎年輕的學生和工程師為我們所用，而不是被逐出美國。我們的征途不會結束，直到我們所有的兒童，從底特律的街道到阿巴拉契亞的山嶺，再到康涅狄格州紐鎮安靜的小巷，直到他們得到關心和珍視，永遠避免受到傷害。
那是我們這一代的任務——讓生存、自由和追求幸福的言語、權力和價值切實體現在每個美國人的身上。我們的立國文本沒有要求我們將每個人的生活一致化。這並不意味着，我們會以完全一樣的方式去定義自由，沿着同樣的道路通向幸福。進步不會終止幾個世紀以來一直糾結的關於政府角色的爭論，但這要求我們現在就採取行動。
目前是由我們決策，我們不能拖延。我們不能將絕對主義當作原則，或者以表象代替政治，或將中傷視作理性的辯論。我們必須行動，要意識到我們的工作並不完美。我們必須行動，意識到今天的勝利是並不完全的。這些將有賴於未來4年、40年或是400年致力於這項事業的人，去推進當年在費城制憲會議大廳傳承給我們的永恆精神。
我的美國同胞，我今天在你們面前宣讀的誓詞，如同在國會山服務的其他人曾宣讀過的誓詞一樣，是對上帝和國家的誓詞，不是對黨派或是派別的，我們必須在任期內忠實地履行這些承諾。但我今天宣讀的誓詞與士兵報名參軍或者是移民實現夢想時所宣讀的誓詞沒有多少差別。我的誓詞與我們所有的人向我們頭頂飄揚的、讓我們心懷自豪的國旗所表達的誓言沒有多大差別。
這些是公民的誓詞，代表着我們最偉大的希望。
你和我，作為公民，都有為這個國家設定道路的權力。
你和我，作為公民，有義務塑造我們時代的辯題，不僅是通過我們的選票，而且要為捍衞悠久的價值觀和持久的理想發聲。
現在讓我們相互擁抱，懷着莊嚴的職責和無比的快樂，這是我們永恆的與生俱來的權利。有共同的努力和共同的目標，用熱情與奉獻，讓我們回應歷史的召喚，將珍貴的自由之光帶入並不確定的未來。
感謝你們，上帝保佑你們，願上帝永遠保佑美利堅合眾國。
（點擊下一頁閲讀奧巴馬連任就職演講英文版）
MR. OBAMA: Vice President Biden, Mr. Chief Justice, Members of the United States Congress, distinguished guests, and fellow citizens:
Each time we gather to inaugurate a president, we bear witness to the enduring strength of our Constitution. We affirm the promise of our democracy. We recall that what binds this nation together is not the colors of our skin or the tenets of our faith or the origins of our names. What makes us exceptional – what makes us American – is our allegiance to an idea, articulated in a declaration made more than two centuries ago:
“We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness.”
Today we continue a never-ending journey, to bridge the meaning of those words with the realities of our time. For history tells us that while these truths may be self-evident, they have never been self-executing; that while freedom is a gift from God, it must be secured by His people here on Earth. The patriots of 1776 did not fight to replace the tyranny of a king with the privileges of a few or the rule of a mob. They gave to us a Republic, a government of, and by, and for the people, entrusting each generation to keep safe our founding creed.
For more than two hundred years, we have.
Through blood drawn by lash and blood drawn by sword, we learned that no union founded on the principles of liberty and equality could survive half-slave and half-free. We made ourselves anew, and vowed to move forward together.
Together, we determined that a modern economy requires railroads and highways to speed travel and commerce; schools and colleges to train our workers。
Together, we discovered that a free market only thrives when there are rules to ensure competition and fair play.
Together, we resolved that a great nation must care for the vulnerable, and protect its people from life’s worst hazards and misfortune.
Through it all, we have never relinquished our skepticism of central authority, nor have we succumbed to the fiction that all society’s ills can be cured through government alone. Our celebration of initiative and enterprise; our insistence on hard work and personal responsibility, these are constants in our character.
But we have always understood that when times change, so must we; that fidelity to our founding principles requires new responses to new challenges; that preserving our individual freedoms ultimately requires collective action. For the American people can no more meet the demands of today’s world by acting alone than American soldiers could have met the forces of fascism or communism with muskets and militias. No single person can train all the math and science teachers we’ll need to equip our children for the future, or build the roads and networks and research labs that will bring new jobs and businesses to our shores. Now, more than ever, we must do these things together, as one nation, and one people.
This generation of Americans has been tested by crises that steeled our resolve and proved our resilience. A decade of war is now ending. An economic recovery has begun. America’s possibilities are limitless, for we possess all the qualities that this world without boundaries demands: youth and drive; diversity and openness; an endless capacity for risk and a gift for reinvention. My fellow Americans, we are made for this moment, and we will seize it – so long as we seize it together.
For we, the people, understand that our country cannot succeed when a shrinking few do very well and a growing many barely make it. We believe that America’s prosperity must rest upon the broad shoulders of a rising middle class. We know that America thrives when every person can find independence and pride in their work; when the wages of honest labor liberate families from the brink of hardship. We are true to our creed when a little girl born into the bleakest poverty knows that she has the same chance to succeed as anybody else, because she is an American, she is free, and she is equal, not just in the eyes of God but also in our own.
We understand that outworn programs are inadequate to the needs of our time. We must harness new ideas and technology to remake our government, revamp our tax code, reform our schools, and empower our citizens with the skills they need to work harder, learn more, and reach higher. But while the means will change, our purpose endures: a nation that rewards the effort and determination of every single American. That is what this moment requires. That is what will give real meaning to our creed.
We, the people, still believe that every citizen deserves a basic measure of security and dignity. We must make the hard choices to reduce the cost of health care and the size of our deficit. But we reject the belief that America must choose between caring for the generation that built this country and investing in the generation that will build its future. For we remember the lessons of our past, when twilight years were spent in poverty, and parents of a child with a disability had nowhere to turn. We do not believe that in this country, freedom is reserved for the lucky, or happiness for the few. We recognize that no matter how responsibly we live our lives, any one of us, at any time, may face a job loss, or a sudden illness, or a home swept away in a terrible storm. The commitments we make to each other – through Medicare, and Medicaid, and Social Security – these things do not sap our initiative; they strengthen us. They do not make us a nation of takers; they free us to take the risks that make this country great.
We, the people, still believe that our obligations as Americans are not just to ourselves, but to all posterity. We will respond to the threat of climate change, knowing that the failure to do so would betray our children and future generations. Some may still deny the overwhelming judgment of science, but none can avoid the devastating impact of raging fires, and crippling drought, and more powerful storms. The path towards sustainable energy sources will be long and sometimes difficult. But America cannot resist this transition; we must lead it. We cannot cede to other nations the technology that will power new jobs and new industries – we must claim its promise. That is how we will maintain our economic vitality and our national treasure – our forests and waterways; our croplands and snowcapped peaks. That is how we will preserve our planet, commanded to our care by God. That’s what will lend meaning to the creed our fathers once declared.
We, the people, still believe that enduring security and lasting peace do not require perpetual war. Our brave men and women in uniform, tempered by the flames of battle, are unmatched in skill and courage. Our citizens, seared by the memory of those we have lost, know too well the price that is paid for liberty. The knowledge of their sacrifice will keep us forever vigilant against those who would do us harm. But we are also heirs to those who won the peace and not just the war, who turned sworn enemies into the surest of friends, and we must carry those lessons into this time as well.
We will defend our people and uphold our values through strength of arms and rule of law. We will show the courage to try and resolve our differences with other nations peacefully – not because we are naïve about the dangers we face, but because engagement can more durably lift suspicion and fear. America will remain the anchor of strong alliances in every corner of the globe; and we will renew those institutions that extend our capacity to manage crisis abroad, for no one has a greater stake in a peaceful world than its most powerful nation. We will support democracy from Asia to Africa; from the Americas to the Middle East, because our interests and our conscience compel us to act on behalf of those who long for freedom. And we must be a source of hope to the poor, the sick, the marginalized, the victims of prejudice – not out of mere charity, but because peace in our time requires the constant advance of those principles that our common creed describes: tolerance and opportunity; human dignity and justice.
We, the people, declare today that the most evident of truths – that all of us are created equal – is the star that guides us still; just as it guided our forebears through Seneca Falls, and Selma, and Stonewall; just as it guided all those men and women, sung and unsung, who left footprints along this great Mall, to hear a preacher say that we cannot walk alone; to hear a King proclaim that our individual freedom is inextricably bound to the freedom of every soul on Earth.
It is now our generation’s task to carry on what those pioneers began. For our journey is not complete until our wives, our mothers, and daughters can earn a living equal to their efforts. Our journey is not complete until our gay brothers and sisters are treated like anyone else under the law – for if we are truly created equal, then surely the love we commit to one another must be equal as well. Our journey is not complete until no citizen is forced to wait for hours to exercise the right to vote. Our journey is not complete until we find a better way to welcome the striving, hopeful immigrants who still see America as a land of opportunity; until bright young students and engineers are enlisted in our workforce rather than expelled from our country. Our journey is not complete until all our children, from the streets of Detroit to the hills of Appalachia to the quiet lanes of Newtown, know that they are cared for, and cherished, and always safe from harm.
That is our generation’s task – to make these words, these rights, these values – of Life, and Liberty, and the Pursuit of Happiness – real for every American. Being true to our founding documents does not require us to agree on every contour of life; it does not mean we will all define liberty in exactly the same way, or follow the same precise path to happiness. Progress does not compel us to settle centuries-long debates about the role of government for all time – but it does require us to act in our time.
For now decisions are upon us, and we cannot afford delay. We cannot mistake absolutism for principle, or substitute spectacle for politics, or treat name-calling as reasoned debate. We must act, knowing that our work will be imperfect. We must act, knowing that today’s victories will be only partial, and that it will be up to those who stand here in four years, and forty years, and four hundred years hence to advance the timeless spirit once conferred to us in a spare Philadelphia hall.
My fellow Americans, the oath I have sworn before you today, like the one recited by others who serve in this Capitol, was an oath to God and country, not party or faction – and we must faithfully execute that pledge during the duration of our service. But the words I spoke today are not so different from the oath that is taken each time a soldier signs up for duty, or an immigrant realizes her dream. My oath is not so different from the pledge we all make to the flag that waves above and that fills our hearts with pride.
They are the words of citizens, and they represent our greatest hope.
You and I, as citizens, have the power to set this country’s course.
You and I, as citizens, have the obligation to shape the debates of our time – not only with the votes we cast, but with the voices we lift in defense of our most ancient values and enduring ideals.
Let each of us now embrace, with solemn duty and awesome joy, what is our lasting birthright. With common effort and common purpose, with passion and dedication, let us answer the call of history, and carry into an uncertain future that precious light of freedom.
Thank you, God Bless you, and may He forever bless these United States of America.
（綜合新華網，中新網，環球時報，新浪網，BBC，赫芬頓，觀察者網等）