法國公民高大偉：致為法國亮燈的中國朋友的公開信

在巴黎發生恐怖屠殺的第二天晚上，中國上海東方明珠塔亮起了紅白藍三色的燈，以“法蘭西色”聲援法國人民。11月17日，法國總統奧朗德在聯合國教科文組織發表講話，感謝悉尼歌劇院、柏林勃蘭登堡門、埃及金字塔、紐約大都會歌劇院、上海東方明珠塔，以及世界各地的人們，在法蘭西民族最艱難的時刻伸出了友誼之手。

奪走129條人命的兇手們或許希望通過11月13日在法國首都的暴行分裂法蘭西民族，然而他們只使法國打擊恐怖主義的決心更加堅定；兇手們本指望擴大國際社會的裂痕，但他們的野蠻行徑卻遭到了所有人的一致譴責。

但隨着法國總統宣佈向他口中的“恐怖分子軍隊”開戰，你們，我親愛的中國朋友，開始審視奧朗德對巴黎恐襲慘案的回應，以及其將造成的長期影響。法國這樣一個古老的歐洲國家，難道竟要效仿911事件後的美國，在中東地區重蹈其覆轍嗎？ 11.13事件後的法國不應該成為9.11事件後的美國，而且事實上，法國的確不是美國。

當年，在遭受基地組織襲擊後，美國知識界缺乏真正深刻的討論。然而如今，距離巴黎恐襲只過去數天，許多觀點已經開始對法國社會造成影響：有些人已經做好準備接受戰爭的邏輯，但另一些人則出言告誡不可輕易言戰。此時此刻，法國人團結在一起，但他們拒絕盲目採取行動。

2003年2月，聯合國安理會討論伊拉克的命運，時任法國外長的多米尼克·德維爾潘説道：“沒人敢宣稱戰爭之路能帶我們走向一個更安全、更公正和更穩定的世界。戰爭永遠是對失敗的懲罰。此時，我們面臨着眾多挑戰，難道戰爭是唯一可依靠的手段嗎？”直到今天，這段擲地有聲的話仍然在法國人心中迴盪。

時間證明，希拉剋政府的外交部長沒有説錯，伊拉克戰爭的確沒能帶來一個更安全的世界。在薩達姆·侯賽因垮台的11年後，極端組織“伊斯蘭國”的領導人阿布·巴克爾·巴格達迪自封為哈里發，併為想象中的“哈里發國”劃定疆域：西起地中海，東抵中國新疆。

“伊斯蘭國”誕生並發展壯大，在很大程度上得歸因於小布什政府的外交政策。如今該組織不但盤踞在伊拉克和敍利亞，而且控制了利比亞、埃及西奈半島、尼日利亞和阿富汗的部分地區，甚至開始在全球範圍內推行其聖戰。正是這種“領土化的恐怖主義”，使“伊斯蘭國”能夠在遠離其控制範圍的地方發動襲擊。

法國的地理位置、聖戰者數量、以及近期在非洲和中東的行動，或許可以解釋為什麼恐怖分子將法國作為襲擊目標。但作為曾經反對小布什政策的國家，法國的確應該拿出勇氣和政治智慧，來應對“伊斯蘭國”帶來的長期挑戰。

法國不單要銘記保護本國公民的直接責任，還應當努力為自身的長期安全創造條件。法國應避免強化那些曾導致“伊斯蘭國”誕生的原因，它必須通過一切手段消除自身受到的威脅，但也須兼顧國內外各種複雜因素，防止它們滋生對法蘭西文明的仇恨。

秉承德維爾潘2003年的講話精神，法國終將擊敗恐怖主義，正如恐怖雖給光之城蒙上了陰影，但理智和洞察力終將突破混亂與黑暗。

恐怖主義已經在中國奪走了許多人的生命，並可能再次造成傷害。如果有一天，恐怖再次降臨烏魯木齊、昆明和北京，那些曾在東方明珠塔為法國亮燈的人們一定會把目光投向巴黎，希望西方能認識到這股在中國興風作浪的勢力正是巴黎恐襲的製造者，他們必須被徹底肅清。

11月30日，奧朗德、歐盟領導人、俄羅斯總統普京、美國總統奧巴馬和中國主席習近平將齊聚巴黎，出席聯合國氣候變化大會的開幕式。大會主旨是更好地保護我們的地球，它也為各國領袖們提供了良好的契機，他們可以向全世界宣佈：在與恐怖主義長期艱鉅的作戰中，各國將站在同一條戰線上。

在守衞全人類的事業上，他們團結一致，既有勇氣直面最可怕的暴力，也將以智慧與道德力量去化解矇昧與狂熱。他們預示着，生命和文明必將取得最後的勝利。

（作者高大偉是在上海居住的法國公民）

翻頁查看英文原文

An Open Letter To The Chinese Friends Who Lit Up The Shanghai Oriental Pearl Tower With The Colors Of The French Flag

The night following the Paris massacre, China has expressed her solidarity with the French people by displaying the colors of the French flag on the Shanghai Oriental Pearl Tower. When the French President François Hollande spoke at the UNESCO four days after the tragedy, he mentioned with gratitude the expressions of friendship which came from all over the world at a difficult moment for the French nation, from the Sydney Opera, the Brandenburg Gate, the Pyramids of Egypt, the New York Metropolitan Opera and the Shanghai Oriental Pearl Tower.

The killers who executed 129 human beings on November 13 in the French capital might have hoped to divide the French nation, they have only hardened her resolve to fight terrorism, they were expecting the fractures of the international community to widen, they have generated a truly universal condemnation of their barbarity.

But with the French President’s declaration of war against what he called an “army of terrorists”, you, dear Chinese Francophiles, are having interrogations about the nature of François Hollande’s answer to the November 13 tragedy and its long term effects. Could an ancient European country like France repeat the post September 11 American tragic mistakes in the Middle East? Post November 13 France should not be post September 11 America, and, in fact, it is not.

While genuine intellectual debates were absent in the US after al-Qaeda’s attacks, a plurality of views is already at work in the post November 13 French society, some might be ready to assume a logic of war but others have warned against it, the nation stands as one but refuses to move blindly.

In France, the words pronounced by the French foreign minister Dominique de Villepin in February 2003 when the United Nations Security Council was discussing the fate of Iraq, still resonate : “No one can claim that the path of war might lead to a safer, more just and more stable world. For war is always the sanction of failure. Would this be our sole recourse in the face of the many challenges at this time? ”

Time has proved the foreign minister of President Jacques Chirac to be right, the war in Iraq did not lead to a safer world, 11 years after the fall of Saddam Hussein, Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi, leader of ISIS, proclaimed the establishment of a caliphate spanning on his imaginary map from the shores of the Mediterranean Sea to China’s Xinjiang.

ISIS, which was born and has developed in a context largely created by G.W. Bush’s foreign policy, is globalizing its jihad while it is in control of territories in Iraq and in Syria but also in Libya, Egypt’s Sinai, Nigeria and Afghanistan. It is ISIS’ “territorialized terrorism” which gives it the strength to strike far away from the territories it brutally rules.

Geography, the number of French jihadists and arguably some of the most recent French actions in Africa and in the Middle East might explain why terrorists are targeting France, but the country which opposed G.W. Bush’s policies is also in a position to combine courage and political wisdom in her answer to the long term challenges posed by the Islamic State.

Having in mind the immediate protection of her citizens but also trying to create the long term conditions of her security, France should avoid to reinforce the causes which led to the creation of ISIS, she has certainly to neutralize by all possible means the forces which threaten her, but she has also to address the complex factors, internal and external, which generate hatred against the civilization she represents.

It is with the spirit which animated its 2003 discourse that France will defeat terrorism on the long run, terror has shocked the City of Light, but reason and lucidity will overcome chaos and darkness.

The follies of terrorism which have too often killed within China could sadly hurt her again, should it happen, those who lit up the Shanghai Oriental Pearl Tower with the colors of France will certainly look at Paris’ reaction with the hope that always more people in the West recognize that the destructive forces which killed in Paris have also to be eliminated when they menace Urumqi, Kunming or Beijing.

On November 30, on the occasion of the opening of the United Nations Climate Change Conference, François Hollande, the leaders of the European Union, Vladimir Putin, Barack Obama and Xi Jinping will gather in Paris in order to find an agreement to better protect our planet. It will be an opportunity for them to announce to the world that we stand all together in a long and complex fight against terror.

United in defense of mankind, with the courage to confront the most terrible violence but also with the intellectual and moral force to address the complex causes of obscurantism and fanaticism, they will signal that life and civilization will inevitably prevail.

(David Gosset Is A French Citizen Living In Shanghai.)

（觀察者網楊晗軼譯）

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