莫迪：有人要推翻“共同但有區別責任”，這是不道德的！

【巴黎氣候大會還在繼續，此前觀察者網專欄作者、美國2030研究所首席研究員文佳筠曾撰文指出：“印度是基礎四國中唯一沒有提交峯值年限的國家。此次巴黎氣候大會，印度估計會首當其衝。”就在氣候大會召開前夕，印度總理莫迪在英國《金融時報》撰文強硬表態，“當年依靠化石燃料實現富裕”的先進國家，必須繼續肩負起最沉重的負擔。並且堅持認為，新的氣候協議必須根植於“共同但有區別的責任”這項原則，任何其它的不同觀點都是不道德的。原標題為“發達國家必須為氣候變化承擔更多責任”，略有改動。】

2014年9月，莫迪出席在紐約召開的聯合國大會，呼籲各國創辦國際瑜伽節，並提出練習瑜伽還有利於人們應對氣候變化的影響

在巴黎，各國領袖們未來幾天將決定我們這個星球的命運。我希望今天開幕的巴黎氣候變化大會能夠達成一項協議，以幫助我們平衡生態保護與經濟發展之間的關係，把一個生態良好的地球傳給子孫後代，這也是我們對未來的責任。

我也希望在這次大會上，全球各國共同努力，在責任與能力之間取得平衡的同時，在願景與現實需要之間也能達到平衡。我們應該意識到，一些國家面對的只是生活方式和技術的選擇，而另一些國家則面臨着生死存亡的現實。

民主的印度是全球發展最為迅速的經濟體之一。我們在盡力滿足12.5億人的需求，其中3億人將很快可以使用現代能源，同時有9000萬人將獲得自來水供應。

印度文化的本質要求在於發展的可持續性。當一個孩子降生時，我們要種一棵樹。從古代起，我們就把人類視為自然的一部分，而不是高居自然之上。這種觀念深植於印度的古代典籍中，而且在印度大地的每一片神樹林和社區林中得到長期傳承。

印度也在經受着由發達國家工業化而引發的氣候變化的衝擊，我們關心的，是全國7500公里海岸線，是1300多個島嶼和大量冰川，這些自然饋贈維護了我們的文明和數百萬無所依靠的農民。

我們將盡自己的責任。印度已經承諾，到2030年，我們將在2005年温室氣體排放的基礎上削減33%，而且40%的電力裝機容量將來自非化石燃料。2022年前，可再生能源產量將達到175000兆瓦。我們還針對使用煤炭徵税，並對石油產品進行了補貼。預計新增加的森林資源將可以吸收至少25億噸的二氧化碳。我們還將清潔河流，建設智慧城市。目前，我們正在用清潔能源替代柴油動力並建設50條新的地鐵線路。

我們還將與發展中國家分享經驗，幫助小島國和非洲國家發展可再生能源。本週一，法國總統弗朗索瓦·奧朗德先生和我將共同啓動一個國際太陽能聯盟計劃，以幫助熱帶地區的121個日照充足的國家，為這些國家的未通電的村莊提供用得起的太陽能電力。我們希望全世界也如此共同應對氣候變化。“共同但有區別的責任”原則應該是我們共同事業的基礎，任何其它的不同觀點都是不道德的。

發展中國家需要發展，他們在燃燒化石燃料方面需要得到公平對待。一部分國家只是生活方式受到影響，這不應擠佔其它仍處於發展初期的國家的發展機會。

某些人説，當發達國家燃燒化石燃料走向富裕時，還不知道它對氣候的影響。由於科學已經如此進步，可替代能源也已經出現，這些人認為發展中國家應該與發達國家共同承擔同樣的責任。但是，我仍然認為應該讓發達國家承擔更多的責任，因為雖然人類已經掌握了新的技術，但是發展中國家未必擁有這些技術，而且這些技術也未必是發展中國家用得起的。

我們應該高舉合作的旗幟，努力滿足人類對清潔能源和健康的生活環境的需求，而不是讓各國選邊站隊。印度將與各國政府、科學機構和產業界合作，共同促進人類邁向清潔能源時代，為人類提供方便經濟的可再生能源。

除非我們檢討目前這種使地球超負荷運轉的生產生活方式，否則再好的政策和技術措施也不能產生良好效果，而共同的減排任務對發展中國家而言也將是不公正的。自然資源的消耗與再生平衡時，可以供給人類所需，而消耗快於再生時，大自然將無以提供。我們的目標是必須採取措施限制化石燃料的使用並節制我們過度消耗的生活方式。

聖雄甘地曾這樣教導我們：“我們應該配得大自然的信任，明智地使用自然資源，因為交給子孫後代一個健康的地球是我們的道德責任。”帶着這樣的使命感，我們寄希望於這次巴黎的大會，印度將為這次會議的成功貢獻自己的力量。

（觀察者網楊晗軼翻譯，翻頁查看英文原文。）

本文系觀察者網獨家稿件，文章內容純屬作者個人觀點，不代表平台觀點，未經授權，不得轉載，否則將追究法律責任。關注觀察者網微信guanchacn，每日閲讀趣味文章。

The rich world must take greater responsibility for climate change

Narendra Modi

In the next few days in Paris, the world will decide the fate of our planet. I hope the climate conference that begins there today will produce an agreement that restores the balance between ecology and economy — between our inheritance and our obligation to the future.

The conference will also, I hope, reflect a collective global commitment balancing responsibilities and capabilities on one hand with aspirations and needs on the other. It should recognise that, while some face a choice between lifestyles and technologies, others stand between deprivation and hope.

Democratic India is among the world’s fastest-growing economies. We are striving to meet the aspirations of 1.25bn people, 300m more of whom will soon have access to modern sources of energy while 90m gain running water.

The instinct of our culture is to take a sustainable path to development. When a child is born, we plant a tree. Since ancient times, we have seen humanity as part of nature, not superior to it. This idea, rooted in our ancient texts, endures in sacred groves and in community forests across the land.

India is also experiencing the impact of climate change caused by the industrial age of the developed world. We are concerned about our 7,500km of coastline, more than 1,300 islands, the glaciers that sustain our civilisation and our millions of vulnerable farmers.

We will play our part. We have pledged that, by 2030, we will reduce emissions intensity by at least 33 per cent of 2005 levels, and 40 per cent of installed power capacity will be from non-fossil fuel sources. We will have 175GW of renewables by 2022, and have imposed levies on coal and rationalised subsidies on petroleum products. Additional forest and tree cover will absorb at least 2.5bn worth of carbon dioxide. We will clean our rivers and create smart cities. We are replacing diesel with clean energy, and building 50 new metro railways.

We are sharing our modest resources with the developing world, helping small island states and African nations with renewable energy. On Monday French President François Hollande and I will launch an international solar alliance with 121 solar-rich countries in the tropics, aiming to bring affordable solar power to villages that are off the grid. We expect the same from the world with respect to responding to climate change. The principle of common but differentiated responsibilities should be the bedrock of our collective enterprise. Anything else would be morally wrong.

Justice demands that, with what little carbon we can still safely burn, developing countries are allowed to grow. The lifestyles of a few must not crowd out opportunities for the many still on the first steps of the development ladder.

Some say advanced countries powered their way to prosperity on fossil fuel when humanity was unaware of its impact. Since science has moved on and alternative energy sources are available, they argue that those just beginning their development journey bear no less responsibility than those who have reached the zenith of their progress. New awareness, however, should lead advanced countries to assume more responsibility. Just because technology exists does not mean it is affordable and accessible.

We should meet our need for clean energy and healthy habitats in a spirit of partnership, not put nations on different sides. India will work with governments, laboratories and industry to facilitate a natural transition to a clean energy era through affordable and accessible renewable energy.

The best political and technical measures will be ineffective, and our collective efforts inequitable, unless we review a lifestyle that overburdens our planet. Nature can provide when it is in equilibrium, not when it is depleted faster than it can renew. Our targets must seek to drive restraint in use of fossil fuel and moderation in our lifestyles.

We look forward to Paris with the sense of duty that Mahatma Gandhi called us to assume: “We should act as ‘trustees’ and use natural resources wisely as it is our moral responsibility to ensure that we bequeath to future generations a healthy planet. India will do its part for success in Paris.