WTO 十二國和歐盟聯合聲明：WTO現狀己不可持續(全文）_風聞

WTO 十二國和歐盟聯合聲明：WTO現狀己不可持續(全文）

剛剛，WTO十二國和歐盟代表在加拿大首都渥太華舉行兩天的關於WTO改革會議，會議之後發佈公告如下：

中文翻譯僅供參考、英文原文後附

渥太華部長會議關於世貿組織改革的聯合公報: 

加拿大全球事務

聲明

我們：部長和代表一組志同道合的世界貿易組織 (世貿組織) 的代表團團長成員（見附註 1 ），2018年10月24至25日，在渥太華召開會議，該會議由加拿大國際貿易多樣化部長吉姆卡爾擔任主席；會議討論如何加強和現代化世貿組織。

我們重申, 我們明確和堅決支持以規則為基礎的多邊貿易制度, 並強調世貿組織在促進和保護貿易方面所發揮的不可或缺的作用。這一制度標誌着全球繁榮、增長和創造就業機會的空前篇章的開始, 儘管貿易帶來的好處並非總是均勻分佈。我們深為關切國際貿易最近的事態發展, 特別是保護主義的抬頭, 這對世貿組織產生了不利影響, 使整個多邊貿易體系處於危險之中。我們注意到日益增長的貿易緊張關係與全球貿易格局的重大變化有關。我們還注意到在談判支柱下取得成果的困難。我們共同決心迅速採取一致行動, 解決這些前所未有的挑戰, 恢復信心。在這方面, 我們確定了三個需要緊急審議的領域。

首先, 我們強調爭端解決制度是世貿組織的中心支柱。有效的爭端解決制度保留了世貿組織成員的權利和義務, 確保了規則的可執行性。這一制度對於在談判支柱中建立成員之間的信任也是必不可少的。我們深感關切的是, 上訴機構繼續出現空缺, 對整個世貿組織制度都有風險。因此, 我們強調迫切需要取消對上訴機構成員的任命。我們承認, 人們對爭端解決制度的運作提出了關切, 並準備處理解決辦法, 同時保留該系統及其上訴機構的基本特徵。為此, 我們的官員將繼續進行討論, 以提出維護和加強爭端解決制度的想法。

第二, 我們必須重振世貿組織的談判職能。我們需要在2019年結束關於漁業補貼的談判, 與世貿組織部長在 MC11 的指示一致。還必須更新其規則, 以反映第二十一世紀的現實, 如可持續發展目標。解決現代經濟和貿易問題, 處理未決和未完成的業務是確保世貿組織的重要性的關鍵。這可能需要對多邊成果採取靈活和開放的談判方法。在這方面, 我們歡迎通過 MC11 的聯合聲明倡議正在進行的工作。我們認識到必須解決補貼和其他手段造成的市場扭曲。

發展必須仍然是我們工作不可分割的一部分。我們需要探討如何在規則制定工作中最好地追求發展層面, 包括特殊和差別待遇。我們的官員將審查和發展具體的參與方式, 重振談判職能。

第三, 加強對成員國貿易政策的監督和透明度, 在確保世貿組織成員及時瞭解其合作伙伴採取的政策行動方面發揮中心作用。我們對世貿組織成員遵守其通知義務的總體記錄表示關注, 我們同意, 需要改進, 以確保有關協定的有效透明度和運作。這方面的具體改進可以在短期內實現。我們的官員將會在這方面提出具體的意見。

我們尋求一個全面運作的世貿組織, 造福所有人。我們的上述目標只能通過持續和有意義的政治參與以及與世貿組織所有成員的對話來實現。在這方面, 我們讚賞地注意到世貿組織成員或世貿組織成員集團正在進行的其他努力, 特別是這一小組與會者最近提出的解決爭端的建議, 以及透明度和通知。我們申明我們打算以建設性和協作的態度就這些和其他建議開展工作。

世貿組織目前的情況已不再是可持續的。我們的改革決心必須與行動相吻合: 我們將繼續與保護主義作鬥爭;我們在政治上致力於在世貿組織中緊迫地推進透明度、爭端解決和發展第二十一世紀貿易規則。我們期待着在2019年1月再次相見時回顧我們的進展。

聯繫媒體關係辦公室全球事務加拿大 343-203-7700 [email protected] media@international. ca 

跟隨我們在 Twitter 上: @CanadaTrade 像我們在 Facebook 上: 加拿大的國際貿易-全球事務加拿大

附註1:  參加本次會議的成員包括：澳大利亞, 巴西, 加拿大, 智利,歐洲聯盟、日本、肯尼亞、韓國、墨西哥、新西蘭、挪威、新加坡和瑞士

英文原文如下

Joint Communiqué of the Ottawa Ministerial on WTO Reform

From: Global Affairs Canada

Statement

We, Ministers and Heads of Delegation representing a group of like-minded World Trade Organization (WTO) membersFootnote 1 , met in Ottawa, October 24-25, chaired by the Honourable Jim Carr, Canada’s Minister of International Trade Diversification, to discuss ways to strengthen and modernize the WTO.

We reaffirm our clear and strong support for the rules-based multilateral trading system and stress the indispensable role that the WTO plays in facilitating and safeguarding trade. That system marked the beginning of an unparalleled chapter in global prosperity, growth, and job creation around the world, though the benefits from trade have not always been evenly distributed. We are deeply concerned by recent developments in international trade, particularly the rise in protectionism, which negatively affect the WTO and put the entire multilateral trading system at risk. We note growing trade tensions are linked to major shifts in the global trading landscape. We also note the difficulties to achieve outcomes under the negotiating pillar. We share a common resolve for rapid and concerted action to address these unprecedented challenges and to restore confidence. In this regard, we have identified three areas requiring urgent consideration.First, we underscore the dispute settlement system as a central pillar of the WTO. An effective dispute settlement system preserves the rights and obligations of WTO members, and ensures that the rules are enforceable. Such a system is also essential in building confidence amongst members in the negotiating pillar. We are deeply concerned that continued vacancies in the Appellate Body present a risk to the WTO system as a whole. We therefore emphasize the urgent need to unblock the appointment of Appellate Body members. We acknowledge that concerns have been raised about the functioning of the dispute settlement system and are ready to work on solutions, while preserving the essential features of the system and of its Appellate Body. For this purpose, our officials will continue to engage in discussions to advance ideas to safeguard and strengthen the dispute settlement system. 

Second, we must reinvigorate the negotiating function of the WTO. We need to conclude negotiations on fisheries subsidies in 2019 consistent with instructions from WTO Ministers at MC11. Its rules must also be updated to reflect 21st century realities, such as the Sustainable Development Goals. Addressing modern economic and trade issues, and tackling pending and unfinished business is key to ensuring the relevance of the WTO. This may require flexible and open negotiating approaches toward multilateral outcomes. We welcome in this regard the work that is being undertaken through the Joint Statement Initiatives from MC11. We recognize the need to address market distortions caused by subsidies and other instruments. 

Development must remain an integral part of our work. We need to explore how the development dimension, including special and differential treatment, can be best pursued in rule-making efforts. Our officials will examine and develop concrete options for engagement to reinvigorate the negotiating function.

Third, we should strengthen the monitoring and transparency of members’ trade policies which play a central role in ensuring WTO members understand the policy actions taken by their partners in a timely manner. We are concerned with the overall record of compliance by WTO members with their notification obligations and we agree that improvements are required to ensure effective transparency and functioning of the relevant agreements. Specific improvements in this area can be achieved in the near term. Our officials will engage on concrete ideas put forward in this area. 

We seek a fully operational WTO that benefits all. Our objectives outlined above will only be reached through sustained and meaningful political engagement and through dialogue with all WTO members. In this regard, we note with appreciation other ongoing efforts by WTO members or groups of WTO members, in particular recent proposals by participants in this group on dispute settlement, as well as transparency and notifications. We affirm our intention to work constructively and collaboratively on these and other proposals. 

The current situation at the WTO is no longer sustainable. Our resolve for change must be matched with action: we will continue to fight protectionism; and we are committed politically to moving forward urgently on transparency, dispute settlement and developing 21st century trade rules at the WTO. We look forward to reviewing our progress when we meet again in January 2019.

Contacts

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文章選自繼民財經匯，2018年10月27日