在紐約，流浪是日常_風聞
食熊则肥-2019-02-28 13:58
無家可歸是紐約市的共享體驗
你可能曾從無家可歸的人身邊經過，或與他們共用火車車廂，或親身認識一個無家可歸的人，甚至本人就是無家可歸的人。
每天晚上，在我們的城市（紐約），有近4000人在大街上、地鐵裏或其他公共場所睡覺。但這只是冰山一角。絕大多數正在經歷着無家可歸的紐約人 - 超過63,000名無家可歸的男性，女性和兒童 - 在不被人們看見的市政避難所中度過了夜晚。
在一個擁有850萬人口的城市中，每128名紐約人中就有近1人目前無家可歸。但是，每17個人中只有1個是可見的。
紐約市的貧困
暴漲的租金和最低的工資增長給資源有限的家庭帶來壓力。 60％的紐約人説他們沒有足夠的緊急儲蓄來支付至少3個月的食品和租金等費用。近20％的紐約市居民已經生活在貧困線以下（一個四口之家的收入低於24,300美元）。
紐約市的貧困對兒童產生了極大的影響：生活在貧困線以下的人口中，近三分之一是兒童。貧困也往往集中在學校表現不佳，暴力，失業，藥物濫用和青少年懷孕率高的社區。所有這些都可能對兒童的發展和福祉產生負面影響，並最終使貧窮和不平等的循環永久化。
紐約都會區的需求
·無家可歸的成人
在紐約市區，無家可歸者人數處於歷史最高水平。
有多少人無家可歸？
每天晚上，超過63,000人在紐約市政避難所中過夜 - 比10年前增加了43％。而在街道上，地鐵系統或其他公共場所，有將近4000人。
什麼導致無家可歸？
在大多數情況下，涉及多個因素。常見的包括：精神疾病，藥物濫用，未經處理的醫療問題，創傷事件，暴力和虐待，缺乏經濟適用房和難以維持就業。
誰無家可歸？
所有性別，種族，年齡和社會經濟背景的人都會經歷無家可歸。在城市避難所中睡覺的人中，單身男性超過11,000人，單身女性近4000人，家庭成人或兒童近46,000人。
無家可歸的兒童
與此同時，近三分之一的紐約市兒童生活在貧困線以下。
哪裏的兒童有風險？
南布朗克斯區和東哈萊姆區是兩個遭受集中貧困的紐約市社區。由於犯罪率高，健康狀況不佳以及住房條件差，這些地區對兒童福利構成高風險。
貧困會造成什麼影響？
數百項研究調查了貧困對兒童福祉的不利影響。在貧困中成長可能會擾亂孩子的大腦發育並破壞他的社交和情感成長。
如何解決貧困問題？
物質保證和教導在幫助兒童在學校和生活中茁壯成長方面發揮關鍵作用。素質項目支持兒童的社會和情感發展，幫助他們成長為健康的，有依靠的和經濟自給自足的成年人。
附原文。
Homelessness is a Shared Experience in New York City
Chances are you have walked by or shared a train car with someone who is homeless, know someone personally who has been homeless, or even experienced homelessness yourself.
Every night in our city, nearly 4,000 people sleep on the street, in the subway system or in other public spaces. But this is just the tip of the iceberg. The vast majority of New Yorkers experiencing homelessness – over 63,000 homeless men, women and children – spend the night instead within the city’s shelter system where they remain unseen.
In a city of 8.5 million people, nearly 1 in every 128 New Yorkers is currently homeless. But only 1 out of every 17 of these individuals is visible to the eye.
Poverty in New York City
Skyrocketing rents and minimal wage growth put pressure on households with limited resources. 60% of New Yorkers say they don’t have enough emergency savings to cover at least 3 months’ worth of expenses like food and rent. And nearly 20% of New York City residents already live below the poverty line (earning less than $24,300 for a family of four).
Poverty in New York City greatly affects children: nearly 1 in 3 people living below the poverty line is a child. Poverty also tends to be concentrated in neighborhoods with low-performing schools and high rates of violence, unemployment, substance abuse and teen pregnancy. All of this can have negative effects on child development and well-being, and ultimately perpetuate cycles of poverty and inequality.
The Need in the New York Metro Area
ADULTS
In the New York City metro area, homelessness is at an all-time high.
HOW MANY PEOPLE ARE HOMELESS?
Every night, more than 63,000 people sleep in the New York City municipal shelter system — up 43% from 10 years ago. Nearly 4,000 more sleep on the street, in the subway system or in other public spaces.
WHAT CAUSES HOMELESSNESS?
In most cases, multiple factors are involved. Common ones include: mental illness, substance abuse, untreated medical issues, traumatic events, violence and abuse, lack of affordable housing and difficulty sustaining employment.
WHO EXPERIENCES HOMELESSNESS?
People of all genders, races, ages, and socioeconomic backgrounds experience homelessness. Among those sleeping in city shelters, more than 11,000 are single men, nearly 4,000 are single women and nearly 46,000 are adults or children in families.
CHILDREN
Meanwhile, nearly 1 in 3 NYC children live below the poverty line.
WHERE ARE CHILDREN AT RISK?
The South Bronx and East Harlem are two New York City neighborhoods suffering from concentrated poverty. Burdened with high crime rates, poor health outcomes, and poor housing conditions, these areas pose high risks for child welfare.
WHAT ARE THE EFFECTS OF POVERTY?
Hundreds of studies have examined the detrimental effects of poverty on the well-being of children. Growing up in poverty may disturb a child’s brain development and undermine his social and emotional growth.
HOW CAN POVERTY BE ADDRESSED?
Opportunities for enrichment and mentoring can play a critical role in helping children thrive in school and life. Quality programs support children’s social and emotional development, helping them grow into adults who are healthy, grounded and economically self-sufficient.
（藉助了谷歌翻譯，有錯誤歡迎指正）