麥克·伍德眼中的改革開放故事_風聞

改革開放是中國歷史上的一件大事，四十年以來，中國發生了翻天覆地的變化。

記錄這些變化的作品同樣層出不窮，由西方紀錄片界鼎鼎大名的歷史學家、製作人麥克·伍德參與制作的紀錄片《改革開放的故事》迅速走紅。

麥克·伍德給整個節目定的基調非常有中國特色：實事求是，看到什麼講什麼，好好説話。

講好中國故事的方式有很多種，伍德的方式是講出中國人民的創造力，從普通中國人的生活出發，請他們説出自己的故事。

解讀中國工作室推出《中國改革開放的故事》系列短片，記錄中國改革開放的故事。讓我們跟隨麥克·伍德的視角，一起走進那段對中國而言意義非凡的歷史。

《中國改革開放的故事》第一集：人心所向

麥克**·**伍德對中國改革開放的歷史可以説是非常熟悉了。

40年前，中國有了一位新領導人，身高五英尺，喜歡吸煙，參與了長征，因務實而享有盛譽，這個人就是鄧小平。在鄧小平的領導下，中國宣佈摒棄階級鬥爭，擁抱市場。這是人類史上最大規模的減貧。中國已經成為全球經濟大國，並且在未來幾十年內有望成為全球最大經濟體。但40年前到底發生了什麼，中國是如何做到的？

China today is a spectacular vision of modernity.A place of dynamism and opportunity. Every visitor, especially you’ve been coming since 1980s as I have, is astonished by the scale of its growth and the sheer speed of change. It was only in the mid 20th century that China went through its own Industrial revolution, struggling to catch up with the West. But in the last few decades a giant burst of growth has taken it to a leading role in the world.

復旦大學中國研究院院長張維為也參與了這次訪談

有很強的歷史感，他曾説，在以前，以前中國至少有一千年領先世界，直至明朝鄭和下西洋，之後中國開始閉關鎖國，開始走下坡路。

He has a very strong sense of history. You Know, he said that China was a leading nation over 1000 years at least, actually up to the Ming Dynasty, up to Zheng He. Then China became close-door, and then China begin to decline.

伍德最關心的問題就是中國如何才能實現變革，對此美國前駐華大使芮效儉對此有獨到的見解：

鄧小平和毛澤東一樣，都相信共產黨執政才是維持國家穩定的正確道路。但毛澤東的理念並不是真正的穩定，而是不斷的革命，對於這一點，鄧小平並不認同。所以當毛澤東逝世，鄧小平回到中央，他將施行他的治國理念，他的理念就是通過最有效的方式，實現國家繁榮富強。

Deng Xiaoping believed, as did Mao, that the only way you could have stability was through one-party rule by Communist Party. But Mao’s concept was not really stability. It was permanent revolution, and Deng didn’t accept that. So when Deng Came back after Mao died, he was able to impose his vision on the country, and his vision was to get rich and glorious and you do it in the most efficient way.

時間來到了1978年這一關鍵節點，安徽鳳陽小崗村的開始了家庭聯產承包責任制的嘗試，正式拉開了改革開放和序幕，開始了全民致富的道路。

小崗村村民嚴金昌説：

四十年前，在小崗村，沒有一塊磚，沒有一片瓦，家家住得是破茅草房子，泥巴壘的牆，上面蓋的草，這證明過去沒有錢，窮啊，老百姓到處逃荒要飯。

40 years ago, in Xiaogang, there was no brick or tile. Everyone lived in thatched shed, which was build up with walls made up of mud and thatch on the top. That was due to the poverty at that time. People fled from famine and begged for food.

面對新的嘗試，小崗村的村民心中也難免有些擔心。

所以説我們當時的心情是特別的沉重，如果説不這樣幹，我們就被餓死，如果這樣幹，我們擔風險，最後我們就選擇了這條路，我們寧願去坐牢，去殺頭，我們還要把土地分到各家各户。

So we were all heavy-hearted. If we didn’t do that, we may die from starvation. If we did, we must take the responsibility. We finally chose this way. We must divide the land into households, even though it may lead to imprisonment or death.

在老百姓開始新的嘗試之後，政府也積極作出改變，1978年11月，一次關於中國農業生產狀況的會議在北京召開。意識到人民心中激盪的新情緒，鄧小平決定出席會議並做重要發言。

來自全國的200名共產黨代表參加了會議，討論黨的工作和農業農村制度。還在與頑固派做鬥爭的鄧小平準備了簡短且重要的發言，這個發言是他在農村勞動期間思想的結晶。

200 Party delegates had come from all over China, they met here in this room to discuss work and the commune system of agriculture. Still maneuvering for power against the hard liners, Deng prepared a short key-notes speech that crystalized all he thought about in his years in the wilderness. 

鄧小平發言中強調結束基於意識形態的爭論，從現在開始，中國應該實事求是。他説“我們曾經有過重大挫折，但勤勞的中國人民對我們領導的事業充滿熱情，我們讓人民失望了。”從現在起，中國必須學習科學技術，開放市場，利用經濟發展帶領人民脱貧致富。一些參會代表是震驚的，但大多數代表都非常激動。他總結説是時候解放我們的思想了。

The key Deng said was to end argument based on ideology - from now on they must seek truth from facts. “We have had grave setbacks” he admitted, “the wonderful Chinese people have been very patient, for we have let the people down” From now on, he said, they must embrace science and technology, open up the market, and use the economy to lift people out of poverty. Some of these audience were shocked, but most were excited. He concluded that the time has come to liberate our minds.

鄧小平的成就是全世界有目共睹的，在其引領的改革開放政策之下，中國一步步走向繁榮。哈佛大學教授《鄧小平時代》作者傅高義説到：

 

 世界上有且只有中國，一個如此龐大的國家可以改變得如此飛速，實在令人震驚，出乎所有人的意料。20世紀以來，如果要説哪位領導人為改變世界貢獻最大，我想我不得不説是鄧小平。

There’s one society with that huge could change so rapidly, its just staggering, its just staggering, and none of us predicted it. Since 20th century, if you say what leader did more to change the world than any other. I think I have to say Deng Xiaoping.  

第一集的故事到這裏就結束啦，本集講述了改革開放的起點和人心所向的時代背景。本系列一共五集，歡迎持續關注！