遍佈全球的“Made in China”從何而來？_風聞

馬可·波羅大家都十分熟悉，當他第一次來到中國時，便被中國的遼闊富庶深深震撼。

在《馬可·波羅遊記》中，他盛讚了中國的繁盛昌明；發達的工商業、繁華熱鬧的市集、華美廉價的絲綢錦緞、宏偉壯觀的都城、完善方便的驛道交通、普遍流通的紙幣等等。書中的內容，使每一個讀過這本書的人都無限神往。

而後數千年的閉關鎖國，使我們漸漸落後於世界發展的潮流，直到一個新的歷史機遇到來，中國重新走向世界的舞台。

解讀中國工作室推出《中國改革開放的故事》系列短片，記錄中國改革開放的故事。讓我們跟隨麥克·伍德的視角，一起走進那段對中國而言意義非凡的歷史。

《中國改革開放的故事》第二集：走向世界

改革開放四十年以來，中國的變化是有目共睹的。

在過去的四十年裏，中國共產黨領導的人民共和國已經成為一個消費天堂。如今，在大城市街道上，你可以看到來自世界各地的商品。

Over the last forty years, the Communist led People’s Republic of China has become a consumer paradise. Today in the streets of its great cities, you can see all the goods of the world on show.

那麼這樣的鉅變是如何產生的呢？先跟隨小編看看四十年前的廣州吧！

這裏是廣州，坐落於珠江一側，自古就是中國的商貿重鎮。羅馬人、阿拉伯人、波斯人紛至沓來通商貿易。但是1949年後，中國開始改變了此類與全世界做生意的做法。如果四十年前來到這裏，你看到的將是設備老舊的衰敗工廠，基礎設施落後，路上幾乎沒有汽車。一位當地的中國共產黨官員説，廣州已然變成“珠江三角洲邊疲憊的耄耋老人”。

Romans, Arabs and Persians traded here in ancient times. But after 1949, China turned its back on making money. When you came here 40 years ago, what you saw was a skyline of decaying factories with old-fashioned machinery, poor infrastructure, almost no cars in the streets.

從廣州這個充滿希望的地方開始，鄧小平開始制定振興整個國家的計劃，這時，一位重要的合作者出現了。

在小組討論發言裏面，習仲勳就説，廣東那麼困難，經濟那麼落後，主要還是上面統的太死了，中央統的太死了。如果廣東，中央給點權給廣東，放開一點，不要統的那麼死，他還打個比喻，假如廣東是個獨立的國家，讓我集體來弄，沒有人干預我的，我幾年就可以把他搞上去。鄧小平就肯定習仲勳，就是要殺出一條血路來，叫他要殺出一條血路來。

In group discussion, Xi Zhongxun said that Guangdong is so poor and its economy is so backward. The main reason is that the central government is too rigid, they controlled the area too rigidly. If Guangdong, if the central government delegates powers to Guangdong, let them do, don’t be so rigid. He also made a comparison, if Guangdong was an independent country, if we could govern Guangdong collectively without intervention, I could make its’ economy develop rapidly in several years. Deng Xiaoping totally agree with Xi Zhongxun. You must do this, no matter what it cost, asking him to slash a path with their blood.

一番探索之後，中國歷史上第一個改革開放特區出現了。

1979年1月31日，就在北京京西賓館召開十一屆三中全會後不到一個月，提議實現了。中華人民共和國曆史上第一個外商投資合同。實在讓人驚歎，這裏曾經什麼都沒有。看看現在的壯景。

鄧小平對習仲勳説，中央沒有錢，可以給些政策，你們自己去搞，殺出一條血路來。我們就把它叫做特區吧！ 

So on the 31st of January, 1979 - barely a month since the plenum meeting in the Jingxi Hotel in Beijing, the deal was signed. The first foreign investment contract in the history of the People’s Republic of China. And it is amazing to think that then there was nothing here at all. And just look at it now. 

“Central government has no money” Deng said to Xi, “But we can devise a policy that will allow you to forge ahead,Let’s call it a special economic zone”.This was totally typical of Deng Xiaoping’s approach. They set up these four experimental zones near Hong Kong and Macau.

很快，這樣的變化引起了全國的關注，一場偉大的歷史轉變開始了，一位位抓住機遇的勇者開始嶄露頭角。

章華妹 華妹服裝輔料公司創始人

那時我們已經把小小攤在這幾家門口擺了。他們就過來告訴我們，就是説我們現在可以，國家有新的政策，你們也許可以做生意了，領取一個營業執照，個體的營業執照。拿到執照以後 我真的很高興，有了這張證，有了保證一樣，對我們個體來説呢，是一個保證。

We already sold things in front of our house at that time. They came and told us that the country has new policies and you can do business now, you can get a business license, an individual business license.I was really happy after getting the license. The license was just like a guarantee. It’s a guarantee for individual business.

偉大的改革總是要面對許多質疑的聲音，對此，原廣東省委副秘書長陳開枝説到：

交鋒就是兩種思想的交鋒，鄧小平改革開放的思想，和原來受左的影響，和僵化思想的交鋒。有些人又提出反和平演練為中心，有人又提出恢復階級鬥爭，上海的《解放日報》《文匯報》，就發表了幾篇評論員的文章，把小平的思想傳下去了。但是遭到批判。所以他就談想到只能到改革開放的前沿陣地來，給老百姓談，把他的思想告訴老百姓。要真的發財，要全面的發財，你首先要解決敢闖敢幹的問題，都説發展是硬道理。他還是對着深圳的領導講。你們要大膽一點，你們要發展快一點。

It is the clash between two different thoughts. A clash between Deng’s thoughts of reform and opening up and the previous left ideology and the rigid economy. Someone opposed peaceful evolution. Someone proposed the resume of class struggle. The Liberation Daily in Shanghai and the Wen Wei Po published several commentator articles to disseminate Deng’s thoughts, but received severe critics. So he said that he could only went to the frontier of reform and opening up, talking with people and conveying his thoughts to people. If they really want to be rich, if they want to be rich in all fields, first they should be brave and innovative. Development is the only best choice. He also talked with the leader in Shenzhen, you must be braver, you had to develop quicker.

總而言之，改革的結果不負眾望，如今珠三角的成就全世界有目共睹，中國的企業家也紛紛走向世界的舞台。

阿里巴巴集團天貓CEO靖捷説到：

1999年，阿里巴巴成立。這個名字，總讓人想起“芝麻開門”的故事。芝麻開門，就是説我們怎麼幫助中小企業經營。打開財富之門，通往全球，沒錯。或許你已意識到，阿里巴巴第一天就是一種全球化的象徵，因為我們首個網站就是英文網站。

So 1999, that’s the time when Alibaba was founded. The name, that’s always linked to the story “Open Sesame!”. As open sesame, that means how we can, from very beginning, our mission is to make it easy to do business anywhere. Open the treasure.

四十年前的改革開放直到今天仍在繼續，中國走過了漫長的道路，並將繼續前行，無論你生活在哪裏，無論你是在美國、非洲抑或亞洲，你的身邊一定會有中國商品。

第二集的故事到這裏就結束啦！本集講述了中國由改革開放走向世界的故事，本系列一共五集，歡迎持續關注哦～