中國製度的優勢從何而來？_風聞

在發展的進程當中，中國選擇了一條極具特色的發展道路與區別於任何國家的政治制度。

也正是這樣的特色制度賦予我們發展的動力。本集的主題聚焦於中國特色社會主義制度，一起來聽聽海外社會對中國製度的評價吧。

解讀中國工作室推出系列短片《中國共產黨與人民同行》，讓我們一同走進那段風雲變幻的歷史，感受中國共產黨百年來艱苦卓絕的奮鬥歷程和取得的輝煌成就！

《制度自信：實現中國發展的根本制度保障》

中國的制度不同於任何西方國家，我們的一大優勢就是長遠戰略。瑞士歐亞思國際構想集團主席李熙德這樣認為：

我認為中國製度的一大優勢是長遠戰略。在歐洲，我們每四年有一次選舉，有時候，新政府上台會宣佈一些變革舉措，到了第二年，一些變革在緩慢發生，到了第三年，我們已經要開始思考下一次選舉了。在第四年，一切都會停止，因為下一次選舉來臨了。所以，我更喜歡中國（制度所具有的）這種長遠模式。擁有強有力的執政黨是件好事，可以有這種長遠模式，而歐洲和美國都太過注重短期。這就是所謂的盎格魯-撒克遜模式，這是一種短期決策模式，只關注股東利益和短期回報。中國則更關注長期回報以及回饋社會，我覺得中國正堅持這一原則。

One big advantage you have in China is the long-term approach. In Europe, we have elections every four years and sometimes, you know, a new government comes in, some changes might be announced and in the second year slowly changes are happening, in the third year, we already think about next election. In the fourth year, everything is, kind of, you know, being stopped because next election is coming in. So I prefer actually the long-term approach in the Chinese fashion. It’s good to have a strong party in power. We can have this long-term approach and maybe we are too short term oriented back in Europe and back in US. It’s actually so-called Anglo-Saxon approach. It’s arms-length decision making, but the only thing about shareholder value and short-term returns. In China, we got the principle of long-term return and giving back to society. And I think the Chinese government is embracing this principle.

英國劍橋大學政治學與國際問題高級研究員馬丁•雅克從歷史的角度分析中國製度所具有的優越性。

我認為中共歷史上很有意義的一件事是在毛澤東過世後，國家陷於困難，鄧小平作為新任領導人在思想領域做出了重大轉變。如今，放眼全球，很少見到政治組織或是政治黨派做出此類轉變，因為他們被自己的偏見和價值觀困住，對於它們而言，很難以一種不同的方式進行思考。要做出這種轉變，需要很大的勇氣和信心。我認為（中國的）這一轉變表明，中國共產黨的黨組織在中國社會擁有深厚的根基，因為中國共產黨要摒棄很多固化的理念，中國共產黨以一種不同的方式深入到羣眾中。

I mean I think one of the most interesting things about Chinese Communist Party historically was after Mao died, because the country was in trouble and what happened was that De Xiaoping, as he emerges as a new leader, really made a big shift in the outlook philosophy. Now, if I look around the world, it’s very unusual to see political organizations, political parties making that kind of shift, because they get, they become captured by their own prejudices and values. And it’s very difficult for them to start thinking in different ways. To make that kind of shift, it requires a lot of courage, and it requires a lot of confidence. And I think that what that shift showed was, it was an organization with deep roots in Chinese society, because you’ve got to basically rejected a lot of, the kind of ideology you’ve had. You’ve got a reach out to the people in a different kind of way.

中國經濟之所以成功，智利駐華大使賀喬治認為主要有以下兩個原因：

第一，在市場與供求之間，在公共政策與政府角色之間找到一種適度的平衡。這是一種巧妙的平衡。許多國家往往會走極端，要麼讓市場自己度過一切難關，要麼讓國家過度保護。在我看來，中國的做法很好地實現了兩大元素之間的平衡。

And one of them is to strike an adequate balance between the role of the market, the role of supply and demand on one hand and the role of public policy, the role of government on the other. It’s a very fine equilibrium. Many countries go either to one extreme to let the market do as pieces or to have the state being extremely proactive. It seems to me that what China has done is to find a nice balance between these two elements.

另一個原因源自於他來華的親身經歷。

另一個原因是我在中國旅行時發現的。在中國的兩年裏，我到過大約20個省份，我的目標是足跡踏遍32個省份，但是我的時間有限。中國這種實驗性的公共政策手段是在某一省份或城市先試點然後再推廣到其他地區。通過這種方式，中國可以避免出台一些可能失敗的政策。如果你們在全國範圍內推廣這種失敗的政策，那麼這將是一場大災難。但是如果你們在某些地方先進行政策試點，比如開放政策就首先在（上世紀）八十年代在深圳試點。如果試點證明切實可行，那麼就可以把政策推廣到其他地方。鄧小平先生似乎説過，這是摸着石頭過河。

The other factor that I’ve been able to ascertain in my travels around China. I visited about twenty provinces in these two years that I have been here. My goal is to visit all 32 by the time. My time is up. And this incremental, experimental approach to public policy that is to try out something first in a province or in a city and then expand this to the rest of the country. So in such a way, you avoid the mistakes of launching policies that may rebound for failure. And if you launch them nationwide, it would be real disaster. But if you try them out in some place, say, is the opening was tried out in Shenzhen in the early eighties. Then if it works out, you can expand it to other places. The expression if I’m not mistaken from Mr. Deng Xiaoping is to cross the river while feeling the stones.

中國特色制度所具有的優勢，為實現經濟的發展提供根本保障。