美國《華爾街日報》公佈的美國貿易談判《條件清單》(轉載）_風聞

2018****年5 月 4 日美國《華爾街日報》公佈的美國貿易談判《條件清單》（轉載）

（中文譯文不準確的，以英文原文為準）

標題Balancing the trade relationship between the united states of Americaand the people’s republic of China**（中文：平衡中美之間的貿易關係）**

英文： There is an immediate need for the UnitedStates and China to reduce the U.S. trade deficit with China by ensuring thatChina’s market is open to United States traders and investors on a fair andnon-discriminatory basis.” 。

**中文：**需要立即減少美國對中國的貿易赤字，確保中國市場在公平和非歧視的基礎上，對美國的出口商和投資者開放。

第一部分  減少貿易赤字

**英文：**China commits to work with Chineseimporters to engage in trade transactions to achieve targets to which theParties agree.

**中文：**中國承諾和中國進口商一起促進進口，來滿足中美達成的協議。

**英文：**These transactions are specificallydesigned to reduce the United States-China trade deficit by $100 billion in thetwelve (12) months beginning June 1, 2018.

**中文：**從 2018 年 6 月 1 日開始的 12 個月以內，中國需要減少 1000 億美元的對美貿易順差

**英文：**and an additional $100 billion in thetwelve (12) months beginning June 1, 2019, such that the U.S. trade deficitwith China will have decreased compared to 2018 by at least $200 billion by theend of 2020.

**中文：**從 2019 年 6 月 1 日開始，中國繼續在 12 個月以內減少第二個 1000 億美元的對美貿易順差。

**英文：**China’s purchase of U.S. goods willrepresent at least 75% of China’s commitment to a $100 billion increase inpurchases of U.S. exports for the twelve months beginning June 1, 2018, and atleast 50% of China’s commitment to an additional $100 billion increase inpurchases of U.S. exports in the twelve (12) months beginning June 1, 2019.

**中文：**中國承諾，從 2018 年 6 月 1 日 -2019 年 5 月 31 日新增進口 1000 億美元中，至少 75% 是購買美國商品；自 2019 年 6 月 1 日開始的第二個 1000 億美元，至少 50% 是購買美國商品。

第二部分：保護美國知識產權

英文：(a) China immediately will cease providingmarket-distorting subsidies and other types of government support that cancontribute to the creation or maintenance of excess capacity in the industriestargeted by the Made in China 2025 industrial plan;

中文：(a)中國立即停止對中國製造 2025 扭曲市場的補貼和其他形式的政府支持，因為這樣可能會造成這些行業產能過剩。

英文： (b)by January 1, 2019, China will eliminate specified policies and practices withrespect to technology transfer;

中文：(b)截至 2019 年 1 月 1 日，中國將消除有關技術轉讓的特定政策和做法。

英文： (c) China will take immediate, verifiablesteps to ensure the cessation of Chinese government conducted, Chinesegovernment-sponsored, and Chinese government-tolerated cyber intrusions intoU.S. commercial networks and cyber-enabled theft targeting intellectualproperty, trade secrets and confidential business information held by U.S.companies;

中文：(c)中國立即採取可驗證的手段，確保停止中國政府指揮、贊助和默許的，入侵美國公司商業網絡，並通過網絡攻擊盜取美國公司知識產權、商業機密和貿易機密的行為。

英文： (d) China will strengthen specifiedintellectual property rights protection and enforcement;

中文：(d)中國將加強知識產權保護和執法力度

英文： (e) by January 1, 2019, China willeliminate the provisions of the Regulations on the Administration of the Importand Export of Technologies and the Regulations on the Implementation of the Lawon Chinese-Foreign Equity Joint Ventures identifiedin the U.S. request for WTOconsultations in China – Certain Measures Concerning the Protection ofIntellectual Property Rights (DS542);

中文：(e)到 2019 年 1 月，中國取消對技術進出口管理的相關規定，同時取消關於執行中外合資企業法中的條款的規定，這些規定美國曾提出在 WTO 和中國磋商，目的是為了保護知識產權。

英文：(f)by July 1, 2018, China will withdraw its request for WTO consultations inUnited States – Tariff Measures on Certain Goods from China (DS543) and willtake no further action related to this matter under the WTO Understanding onRules and Procedures Governing the Settlement of Disputes (“DSU”). In addition,China will not take any retaliatory action, whether in the form of tariffs onimports of U.S. products or in any other form, including unwarranted sanitaryand phytosanitary (“SPS”) measures, unwarranted technical barriers to trade(“TBT”) measures, antidumpting and countervailing duties, and discriminatoryinspection, quarantine and testing practices directed at imports of U.S. agriculturalproducts, in response to actions taken or to be taken by the United States,including any new U.S. restrictions on investments or imports. Chinaimmediately will cease all retaliatory actions currently being pursued. Chinaagrees to immediately cease the targeting of American technology andintellectual property through cyber operations, economic espionage,counterfeiting, and piracy. China also agrees to abide by U.S. export controllaws.

中文：(f)2018 年 7 月 1 日，中國撤回在 WTO 要求和美國就從中國進口商品徵收關税進行磋商的要求，同時中國不再在 WTO 的規定框架和條款下對美方採取更多行動。

除此之外，對美國新提出的限制進口和限制中國投資措施，中國不能以各種手段對美方進行報復，包括對美方進口商品徵收關税，以及對美國進口的農產品採取不必要的衞生和植物檢驗措施，設置不必要的技術性貿易壁壘，進行反傾銷反補貼調查，以及歧視性的檢查，檢疫和測試等等。中國立即停止現有正在計劃中的報復行為，同時中國同意立即停止對美國技術和知識產權的網絡竊取、經濟間諜、仿製和盜取。

中國同意遵守美國的出口管制法律。

第三部分  對敏感技術的投資限制

**英文：**In light of China’s prevailing investmentrestrictions and state-directed investment in sensitive U.S. technologysectors, including industrial plans such as Made in China 2025, China confirmsthat it will not oppose, challenge, or otherwise retaliate against the UnitedStates’ imposition of restrictions on investments from China in sensitive U.S.technology sectors or sectors critical to U.S. national security.

**中文：**按照中國盛行的投資管制和國家導向的對美國敏感技術的收購，包括中國製造 2025 計劃，中國確認不會對美國限制中國投資事關美國國家安全的敏感技術領域的行為進行報復。

第四部分  美國在中國的投資

**英文：**China recognizes that China should notdistort trade through investment restrictions, and that any investmentrestrictions or conditions imposed by China must be narrow and transparent.

U.S. investors in China must be affordedfair, effective and non-discriminatory market access and treatment, includingremoval of the application of foreign investment restrictions and foreignownership/shareholding requirements. In furtherance of these principles, Chinawill issue an improved nationwide negative list for foreign investment by July1, 2018. Within ninety (90) days of the date on which China issues thisnegative list, the United States will identify existing investment restrictionsthat deny U.S. investors fair, effective and non-discriminatory market access andtreatment. Following receipt of the U.S. list of identified restrictions, Chinais to act expeditiously to remove all identified investment restrictions on atimetable to be decided by the United States and China.

**中文：**中國要認識到中國不能通過投資限制來扭曲正常貿易關係，中國任何有關投資的限制和條件都必須限定範圍並且實現透明化。

在中國的美國投資者需要能夠擁有公平有效、不被歧視的獲得市場準入，包括去除針對外資的各種投資申請限制，外資企業股權比例和所有權要求，中國需要在 2018 年 7 月 1 日發佈改進後的全國範圍內的負面清單，美國將在 90 天內清查出目前已有的，對美國投資者獲取公平有效和非歧視市場準入待遇不利的投資限制條款，中國需要在收到美方提出的這些條款後，根據中美約定的時間表進行清除。

第五部分  關税和非關税壁壘

**英文：**China’s tariffs and non-tariff barriers aresignificantly higher than those of the United States for most tradable goods.China commits to address U.S. concerns relating to tariffs and non-tariffbarriers as follows: (a) by July 1, 2020, China will reduce its tariffs on allproducts in non-critical sectors to levels that are no higher than the levelsof the United States’ corresponding tariffs; and (b) China will removespecified non-tariff barriers. China also recognizes that the United States mayimpose import restrictions and tariffs on products in critical sectors, includingsectors identified in the Made in China 2025 industrial plan.

**中文：**中國的關税和非關税壁壘顯著的美國同類商品，中國根據美方關切做以下承諾

(a) 到 2020 年 7 月 1 日，中國把所有非關鍵領域的產品關税降到和美國同等的水平。

(b) 中國去除特定的非關税壁壘，中國同時認識到美國可能對關鍵領域產品實施進口限制和關税壁壘，包括中國製造 2025 年的內容。

第六部分  美國服務和服務提供商

**英文：**Inorder to achieve fair treatment with respect to U.S. services and servicessuppliers, China commits to improve access to its market in specified ways.

**中文：**中國承諾對美國服務和服務提供商擴大市場開放

第七部分 美國農產品

**英文：**In order to achieve fair treatment withrespect to U.S. agricultural products, China commits to improve access to itsmarket in specified ways.

**中文：**中國承諾對美國農產品擴大市場開放

第八部分  執行

**英文：**China and the United States will meetquarterly to review progress in meeting agreed targets and reforms.

**中文：**中美每季度開會討論協議執行情況。

**英文：**In the event that the United Statesconsiders that China fails to comply with any of China’s commitments in thisFramework, including deficit targets, China acknowledges the likelihood thatthe United States will impose additional tariffs or other import restrictionson Chinese products, or on the supply of services or investment, to such extentas the United States deems appropriate. China also understands that it will notoppose, challenge or take any form of action against the United States’imposition of additional tariffs or restrictions pursuant to this paragraph,including action pursuant to the DSU.

**中文：**如果美國認為中方沒有能夠履行框架的承諾，包括赤字目標，中國認可美國將會採取額外的關税或者其他針對中國商品的進口限制措施，或者對中國投資和服務進行限制。

中國同時不會採取反對、挑戰或者其他任何形式的行為反對美國根據本段內容附加的關税和其他限制措施，同時中國不會在 WTO 發起貿易爭端申訴。

**英文：**China will withdraw its WTO complaintsregarding designations of China as a non-market economy by the United Statesand European Union (United States – Measures Related to Price ComparisonMethodologies (DS515), European Union – Measures Related to Price ComparisonMethodologies (DS516)) and will refrain from challenging the treatment of Chinaas a non-market economy under the DSU in the future.

**中文：**中國在 WTO 撤回對歐盟和美國把中國列為非市場國家的申訴

**英文：**Additionally, within 15 days of receiving writtennotice of a prohibited product that may have been transshipped through one ormore countries, with or without modification, China will provide full detailsof every such shipment to the suspected destination or destinations. If Chinafails to do so, or the information reveals that transshipping is occuring, theUnited States will impose tariffs equal to the amount of suspectedtransshipments.

**中文：**除此之外，如果美方收到中國通過第三國轉運禁止進口商品的消息，中國需要在 15 天之內提供轉運貨物的詳細信息包括每艘船的目的地，如果中國沒有做到，或者信息顯示中國有通過第三國的轉運行為，美國將會針對轉運貨物價值相等的部分徵收關税。

**英文：**China understands that if it fails touphold any commitment under this Framework for Discussion, it is likely thatthe United States will impose tariffs on imports from China, and, whereappropriate in the case of China’s commitments under subsection (c) of Section2 or the last paragraph in Section 2, U.S. Customs and Border Protection willconfiscate counterfeit and pirated goods or levy tariffs to compensate theUnited States for its lost technologies and intellectual property. Chinacommits to not take any retaliatory action in response to the imposition oftariffs or confiscations by the United States pursuant to this Section

**中文：**中國明確知曉如果沒有能執行框架協議裏的承諾，美國將會進一步徵收進口關税。

如果中國違反了第二條有關知識產權部分的內容，美國海關和邊境檢察官有權沒收假冒偽劣產品或者徵收更重關税來彌補美國技術的損失。中國承諾不會採取任何報復行動。