抱歉,警校招生規定男女比例這件事,我們還是需要質疑_風聞
观察者网用户_266900-2019-06-15 20:16
來源:微信公號“ CGTN”
警校高考設立性別比例的事情,
大夥都聽説了嗎?
相信很多人第一反應都是,
“嗨,這有啥啊?”
男生體能比女生強,
不是不爭的事實嗎?
但是,仍有不少人質疑,
性別比例屬於性別歧視。

為這事,
網絡上已經吵翻了天,
就連@綿陽網警巡查執法都出動了,
直呼要打擊**“碰瓷特殊專業錄取比例”的“極端女權”**。
With the recent conclusion of China’s national college entrance exams, or Gaokao, netizens have been discussing gender limits in the admissions process to police university, with many alleging that the policy constitutes sexual discrimination.
Two weeks before, as Gaokao approached, many police stations throughout the country released university admission schemes on China’s Twitter-like Weibo to welcome prospective fresh blood.
However, things went awry in no time when a huge gap was found in the recruitment of males and females. For example, the China Fire and Rescue Institute planned to recruit 302 male students and 18 female students in 2019, with females taking up only about five percent.
Other police universities also set a gender limit, usually recruiting “no more than 15%” female students in total.
Many netizens argue that the gender limits are unreasonable and should be regarded as discriminatory against women. Others believe that people were being too sensitive over this issue.
本是好意,引來爭議
近日,恰逢一年一度的高考。為了鼓勵學子,為高考加油,不少警察單位都爭相在微博上貼出了招生計劃,不料卻引來了軒然大波。
在大多數警校招生計劃中,不少網友驚訝地發現,均明確規定**“女生錄取比例不超過15%”。**
少數警校的錄取比例還更誇張。例如,在中國消防救援學院的招生計劃中,準備招收的男生為302人,女生僅為18人,男女比例達到了驚人的17:1,女生人數約等於5%。
女生人數這麼少?憑什麼?不少網友提出了“性別歧視”的質疑。
China’s Ministry of Education released regulations in 2013 stipulating that universities should not grant privileges on the basis of gender, but schools that had majors linked to three special professions are exempt. The first is professions that have a gender limit in the job market, such as those in military, national defense, and public security; the second is professions that prohibit the hiring of women based on the Law on the Protection of Women’s Rights and Interests, such as mining and sailing; and the third is professions that require gender balance based on social conventions, such as broadcasting and hosting.
其實,這個問題,一早就有人試圖給過解釋。公安專業女生計劃數不超過招生計劃總數的15%,是考慮到“公安工作高風險、強應急、超負荷的特殊性”。
教育部早在2012年就做過回應,稱男女依法享有平等的受教育機會,但基於國家利益,特殊專業可調男女招生比例。
2013年,教育部再次強調,高校招生“不得擅自規定男女生比例”,“少數院校的特殊專業除外。”
三類特殊專業分別是:
1. 與特定職業要求緊密相關,且職業對男女比例有要求的專業,如軍事、國防、公共安全類專業;
2. 從保護女性的角度,適當限制女性報考,如航海、採礦等專業;
3. 個別招生數量有限且社會需求有一定的性別均衡要求的專業,包括部分非通用語種專業、播音主持專業等。
但是,事情可能沒這麼簡單。
比如,具體來講:
哪些高校的哪些專業屬於“特殊專業”?
飛行、地質勘探之類的模糊專業究竟怎麼分類?
“特殊行業”和“特殊崗位”之“特殊”是基於哪些標準?
性別比例究竟對“國家利益”造成了怎樣的影響?
15%的比例規定從何而來?為什麼不是20%?30%?為什麼只設上限不設下限?
這些,都是網絡爭議的焦點。
女生當警察,是不願還是不能?
Given the gender limit, female students must try even harder than their male counterparts to make the cut. In extreme cases, women have to score 60 points higher than men to secure admission.
Xu Lin, a professor at a police university in Zhejiang province, said that more women are dreaming of becoming police officers. This year, female applicants took up about 25 percent. And after enrollment, they may even perform better than men in both academic studies and physical training.
很多人出於傳統觀念,第一反應是,**哪兒有女生願意當警察?**15%也就是象徵性規定一下,實際對女性報考警校造成不了任何影響。
別説,想當警察的女生還挺多的,而且競爭往往比男生更加激烈。
有人統計,雖然規定“不高於15%”,但實際操作中,招生比例有時會遠低於這個限制,甚至有學校規定,女生比例不高於2.5%。
有網友指出,女生甚至要比男生高出近60分,才能在警校掙得一席之地。
警校老師也印證了這一説法。
據浙江警察學院教學與訓練研究室主任徐林介紹,2019年,報考浙江警察學院的學生共有6006人,其中女生約佔25%,大幅超過教育部規定的15%限額。
“就我們學校來説,女生的競爭會比男生激烈一點。”
徐林還補充道,**現在有較多女孩子比較嚮往做一名警察。**而且進校後,女生不僅文化成績好,體能成績也比較好。

中國教育科學研究院博士、助理研究員姜朝暉也曾提到,“**剝奪選擇的權利,認為女性不適合這個行業,這顯然是一種陳舊的固化思維。**事實上,巾幗不讓鬚眉的例子比比皆是。我們可以引導和吸引更多的男生來報考該專業,但並不等於就要剝奪女生報考的權利。”
我們為什麼需要女警察?
聯合國的“警察性別倡議”中提到——
保證女性警察的數量,是**“為了不同人羣(女性、男性、女童、男童)的安全需要都能得到滿足。”**
“女性警察會成為性別平等的榜樣,鼓勵女孩們追求自己的權利,為女性和兒童提供更高的安全感,並增強執法機構對本地女性所能提供的幫助與支持。”
同時,女性警察還能幫助執法部門更好地處理性騷擾相關的案件。
正如一部分網友所指出的:
“多一些女警沒什麼不好。在家暴跟強姦問題上中國就很缺有女性立場的警察,立案率很低。”
“在碰到性侵犯的案件時,由男性警察審問辦理常常造成二次傷害。”
電影《嘉年華》中男性警察詢問未成年性侵受害者
Why do we need female police officers?
The United Nation’s police gender initiatives address the importance of female police officers by describing the involvement of women in law enforcement as**“an operational necessity to address the differentiated security needs of women, men, girls and boys.”**
“…female police officers act as role models for gender equality, inspiring women and girls to advocate for their own rights and pursue careers in law enforcement.Female police officers, moreover, provide a greater sense of security to women and children and improve access and support from law enforcement agencies to local women. They also help the United Nations address and respond to sexual exploitation and abuse.”
----UN POLICE GENDER INITIATIVES
As some social media users pointed out, without enough women in law enforcement, criminal cases regarding sexual abuse and domestic violence can hardly be addressed properly. In particular, male inquiry of female victims may lead to secondary victimization.
質疑性別比例,就是“田園女權”嗎?
綿陽網警一則**“打擊極端女權”**的微博公告,
把這事推上了頂峯。
公告指出,
部分極端女權人士刻意挑刺,帶動節奏,動盪社會秩序,
“碰瓷大學特殊行業的錄取比例”。
在對極端女權的聲討中,很多合理的質疑也被無視了。
例如上文提到的,女警察的女性立場,可以增強涉及女性受害者案件的立案率,滿足更多女性的安全需求。
除了性別一刀切,難道真的沒有更好的方式了嗎?
有網友提出了改進選拔方式的思路,例如男女統一體能測試:
如果將大家眼中“男性更適合的職業”的需求具體化為不同的要素(如體能、耐力、敏捷性等等),那麼是否只要滿足這些條件,男女就可以站在同一條起跑線上進行競爭了呢?
追求性別平權,並非是要否認差異的存在,只希望得到同等的機會。
Certain online discussions surrounding this issue have been labeled “extreme feminism” in an official announcement released by “Mianyang cyber police,” the cyber security branch under the police department of Mianyang city in southwest China’s Sichuan Province.
However, the label “extreme feminism” dismisses a number of thoughtful questions raised by this issue. As mentioned above, female police officers can fulfill the security needs of women and girls, which have been somewhat overlooked by male-dominant police forces.
Some suggested using a gender-neutral fitness test to measure candidates’ capabilities so that both gender can compete equally without regard to the stereotyped notion of gender: as long as you are strong enough, you are qualified.
重男輕女的觀念根深蒂固地源於歷史文化。對於女性所能從事職業的刻板印象,也非一天形成。
但越是對傳統的合理質疑,並對可能的改進方式進行思考,越可以推動社會進步和發展。
人類的進步,或許就是從打破這些思維的禁錮、讓更多人擁有自由選擇人生的權利開始。
