馬丁•雅克：中國有能力成為不同於西方的現代化國家_風聞

如今，世界上越來越多的人開始探尋中國發展背後的制度優勢。中國製度為什麼行？為什麼管用？中國製度對世界有何影響？

近日，解讀中國工作室採訪了英國知名學者、劍橋大學政治與國際研究系高級研究員馬丁·雅克和新加坡國立大學教授、聯合國安理會前輪值主席馬凱碩，製作兩集微視頻《“中國之治”的制度密碼》，今天推出上集。

**馬丁·雅克（Martin Jacques），英國劍橋大學政治與國際研究系高級研究員。**1945年出生於英國，曾擔任《泰晤士報》、《星期日泰晤士報》、《衞報》和《新政治家》的專欄作家，以及《獨立報》副總編輯，為BBC撰寫和主持過多次電視節目。

對中國的偉大變革與政治制度，馬丁·雅克會給出怎樣的看法呢？讓我們一起來看看吧。

It was very difficult to pull China together. It was occupied, it was invaded, it was divided. And this was an extremely difficult and painful period for China from, you know, from 1911, 1912 until the end of the second world war. What is remarkable really is that, what emerges was really the answer to this very difficult problem that China faced. And the Chinese communist party found a way to do it. 

將中國團結在一起是非常困難的。它曾被佔領、被侵略、被分裂。對中國來説，這是一段極度困難和令人心痛的時期。從1911、1912年，直到第二次世界大戰結束。真正引人矚目的是，那時誕生的中國共產黨是解決中國面臨的諸多棘手問題的真正答案。中國共產黨找到了一條解決困難的成功道路。

In China, the society doesn’t really operate very well without a strong state. It goes back so long this tradition, but the heart of China, which had the capacity to reconstruct and redefine China in a new and very different era.

在中國，沒有一個強大的國家力量，社會就無法運轉，這是源遠流長的中國歷史傳統。但中國的核心精神在於，有能力在全新的時代重新構建、重新定義中國。

This was the achievement of the Chinese communist party. This was something which outside China has never been given the credit that it should be given. But I think in China it’s of course greatly acknowledged. So this was a great moment for China.

這是中國共產黨的成就。這一豐功偉績曾在中國以外地區未被認可和讚揚，這是不應該的，當然在中國國內這是被廣泛認可的共識。對中國來説，這是一個偉大的時期。

And it’s found a way which is different from the western way, in all sorts of different ways to get to where it has. So that’s one area I think has been very impressive. 

中國共產黨找到了一條在各個方面都與西方完全不同的道路，這令人印象深刻。

There’s no question that the Chinese approach, the Chinese system is successful. When you’ve got a country that makes that kind of transformation, then you know the question is how did you do it…Chinese society has a great leadership.

毫無疑問，中國道路、中國製度是成功的。因為當一個國家實現從落後國家到現代國家的鉅變時，問題就變成了如何去實現它。這是一個複雜的過程，但能夠成功的關鍵原因在於中國有中國共產黨作為傑出領路人。

You have to say that overseeing this transformation, remarkable transformation, it doesn’t just happen. It doesn’t just sort of fall out of the sky. You know, you need a government, or a party that can provide leadership to society, give it a sense of direction, and work out in a very practical sequence way. How to do it? That’s very difficult. That’s a hugely difficult process.

縱觀中國令人矚目的偉大變革，它們並非就這樣隨隨便便發生了，它們並不是從天上掉下來的。中國需要政府、需要中國共產黨，為社會提供指引，為它指明方向，並用切實有序的方法去管理整個社會，這是非常難以達成的、非常艱鉅的過程。

And I think China’s being is gifted, with a remarkable leadership. I would say also, this is a historical feature of China. I mean, you know, it goes back a long time. It’s in the sort of tradition, the genes, if you like, of China, the statecraft is part of what China is very very good at. Hence its independent, Chinese society is dependent in a way, on having a strong capable state.

我認為中國擁有才能與天賦，有着非常卓越的領導者，這也是中國的歷史特徵，這是中國的傳統，刻在中國的民族基因中。中國非常擅長於運用國家制度，使它被大眾遵循——中國社會在某種程度上，依賴於一個強有力的國家制度。

So I think that we shouldn’t be surprised then that when China begins to feel confident and strong enough to provide suggestions about how the world might be better on the kind of contribution it could make. Actually, China is very interesting and it has come up with some very interesting proposals in relation to this.

所以我們不該感到驚訝——當中國開始變得自信而足夠強大，對如何讓世界變得更美好提出自己的倡議，並作出一系列貢獻。事實上，中國是非常有趣的，中國提出了非常有趣的主張。

I mean, the first was probably the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank, the AIIB, and then on a much grander scale, I mean the belt and road.

首先是亞洲基礎設施投資銀行，接着又提出了更大規模的“一帶一路”倡議。

左右滑動，查看圖片哦！

China has a capacity to be in all senses a very modern country, with a very large influence in the world. And I’m confident that China can reach this point.

中國有能力在各種意義上成為一個現代化國家，並具備強大的世界影響力，我非常有信心中國可以達成這一點。

The primary axis is the relation with the developing world, and it sees itself as playing the role of assisting the modernization of these countries. And that’s what I think is that is the most distinctive feature, I think, of Chinese globalization. We should view China’s rise as one of these great forces of nature that it is irresistible.

與發展中國家建立友好關係是中國的重要工作，中國在許多發展中國家的現代化進程中，扮演着關鍵角色。這也是中國在全球化進程中最為顯要的特徵。我們應當把中國的崛起，看作是順應歷史潮流的大勢，它是勢不可擋的。