6年來，沒有一個“印度製造”的大型國防項目取得進展_風聞

【來源龍騰網】

正文原創翻譯：

NEW DELHI: None of the major ‘Make in India’ projects in the defence arena, ranging from new-generation stealth submarines, minesweepers and light utility helicopters to infantry combat vehicles, transport aircraft and fighter jets, have actually taken off in the last six years. These long-pending projects, collectively worth over Rs 3.5 lakh crore, are either stuck or still meandering through different stages, without the final contracts to launch production being inked. The relatively new project to manufacture around 7,50,000 Kalashnikov AK-203 assault rifles in a joint venture with Russia at the Korwa ordnance factory in UP, in fact, is the one poised to kick off first.

從新一代隱形潛艇、掃雷艦、輕型通用直升機，到步兵戰車、運輸機和戰鬥機，在過去6年裏，國防領域的“印度製造”項目沒有一個真正啓動。這些項目總價值超過35萬億盧比，長期懸而未決，要麼停滯不前，要麼仍在不同階段艱難前行，沒有簽署投產的最終合同。而一個相對較新的項目，也就是與俄羅斯合資，在北方邦的科爾瓦兵工廠生產約750,000支卡拉什尼科夫AK-203突擊步槍，反而準備第一個開始。

TOI in October 2017 had done a stock-taking of six mega Make in India projects to find that bureaucratic bottlenecks, long-winded procedures, commercial and technical wranglings, coupled with lack of requisite political push and follow-through, continued to stymie their launch. Two years later, the story more or less remains the same for seven major projects (see graphic). India since then has scrapped the massive fifth-generation fighter aircraft project with Russia in favour of the indigenous advanced medium combat aircraft (AMCA) project, as was reported by TOI earlier.

印度時報在2017年10月對6個大型印度製造項目進行了盤點，發現官僚主義的瓶頸、冗長的程序、商業和技術上的爭吵，再加上缺乏必要的政治推動和跟進，繼續阻礙了這些項目的推出。兩年後，這7個主要項目的情況或多或少保持不變(見圖表)。印度時報早些時候報道稱，自那以後，印度取消了與俄羅斯的大規模第五代戰鬥機項目，轉而支持本國的先進中型戰鬥機(AMCA)項目。

The defence ministry says several measures have been taken to promote indigenous defence production, which include revisions in the Defence Procurement Procedure (DPP) and FDI policy, simplification of “Make” procedures and offset guidelines, notification of the “strategic partnership (SP)” model and the decision to set up two defence industrial corridors in Tamil Nadu and UP. “There is a big push to boost indigenous defence production but it will take time to fructify on the ground. Some projects are about to take off. The contract for the AK-203 rifles should be inked by early next year after some delay since the JV with Russia was set up,” said a senior official. 

國防部表示，已經採取了若干措施來促進本土國防生產，包括修訂國防採購程序和外國直接投資政策、簡化“製造”程序和抵消準則、明確“戰略伙伴關係”模式，並決定在泰米爾納德邦和北方邦建立兩條國防工業走廊。“我們正在大力推動本土國防生產，但要項目落地開花結果還需要時間。一些項目即將啓動。AK-203步槍的合同應在明年初簽署，伴隨着與俄羅斯的合資企業的成立，該合同發生了一些推遲，”一位高級官員表示。

“Similarly, it took a long time to conclude the price negotiations for the Tata-Airbus project to make 56 C-295 aircraft because it was a single-vendor situation but the case will now go to the Cabinet Committee on Security for clearance,” he added. But much more clearly needs to be done to rid India of the embarrassing and strategically-vulnerable position of being the world’s largest arms importer. 

他補充稱:“同樣，塔塔-空客項目花費了很長時間才完成56架C-295飛機的價格談判，因為這是一個單一供應商的情況，但這個案子現在將提交內閣安全委員會審批。”但是要想擺脱印度作為全球最大武器進口國這一令人尷尬且在戰略上易受攻擊的地位，還需要付出更多努力。

Many insiders contend the much-touted SP policy to boost the role of Indian companies in production of new-generation weapon systems in collaboration with global armament majors, in fact, has only added further to the delays in finalising and executing projects. The armed forces, for instance, have been demanding new light utility choppers for over 15 years to replace their obsolete single-engine Cheetah and Chetak fleets, which have been dogged by a high crash rate and serviceability problems. 

許多業內人士認為，備受推崇的SP政策（旨在提升印度公司與全球武器巨頭合作生產新一代武器系統的作用），實際上只會進一步拖延項目的最終敲定和執行。例如，15年多來，武裝部隊一直要求使用新型輕型通用直升機，以取代其過時的單引擎獵豹和切塔克直升機，這兩種飛機一直受到高墜毀率和適用性問題的困擾。

原創翻譯：龍騰網 http://www.ltaaa.com 翻譯：chuhao123 轉載請註明出處

Under the SP policy, the first project will be the Navy’s quest for 111 armed, twin-engine utility choppers at a cost of over Rs 21,000 crore. But just as four Indian firms (Tata, Adani, Mahindra Defence and Bharat Forge) and three foreign manufacturers (Airbus, Kamov and Lockheed Martin-Sikorsky) were recently shortlisted, defence PSU Hindustan Aeronautics has sounded the alarm over it not being considered for the helicopter project. Similarly, the Navy’s case for six new stealth diesel-electric submarines, which was first approved in November 2007 at a cost of over Rs 50,000 crore, is also nowhere near finalisation under the SP model.

然而根據SP政策，第一個項目將是海軍尋求111架武裝雙引擎通用直升機，項目成本超過2100億盧比。但是，就在四家印度公司(塔塔、阿達尼、馬欣德拉防務和巴拉特鍛造)和三家外國製造商(空中客車、卡莫夫和洛克希德馬丁-西科斯基)最近被列入入圍名單時，國防大學印度斯坦航空學卻發出了警報，因為它沒有被考慮參與直升機項目。同樣，印度海軍在2007年11月首次批准了6艘新型隱形柴電潛艇，耗資超過5000億盧比，但是在SP模式下，也距離完成相去甚遠。

Take another project. India and Russia had inked the inter-governmental agreement to manufacture 200 Kamov-226T light-utility helicopters for over $1 billion in December 2015. But it is stuck in the technical uation stage over the “low level of indigenisation” being offered by Russia, say sources. This much-delayed project for the twin-engine light utility helicopters is considered crucial because India’s endeavour to buy 197 such choppers from abroad has been scrapped three times over the last decade due to corruption allegations and technical deviations.

還有另一個項目。2015年12月，印度和俄羅斯簽署了一項政府間協議，以超過10億美元的價格生產200架卡莫夫-226t輕型通用直升機。但消息人士表示，由於俄羅斯提出的方案“本土化水平過低”，該計劃仍處於技術評估階段。這一拖延已久的雙引擎輕型通用直升機項目被認為是至關重要的，但是由於腐敗指控和技術偏差，印度這個從國外購買197架該型直升機的努力，在過去10年裏，已經取消了3次。