“環保少女”怒懟特朗普，美網友熱議中國，印度躺槍..._風聞

瑞典“環保少女”格蕾塔·通貝里（Greta Thunberg）30日在接受了英國廣播公司（BBC）電台4的採訪，在談到美國總統特朗普對氣候科學的懷疑態度時，通貝里“不以為然”地表示：

與特朗普探討氣候變化是在“浪費她的時間”。

格蕾塔的發言，出乎意料的在國外社交媒體上獲得了前所未有的高度一致——不少曾經譏諷這位“環保少女”的外國網友，也不得不對其表示贊同。

1、Carlos

I hate Greta’s style, but I like her angry with trump. It’s so cool!

我討厭格蕾塔的做派，但是我喜歡她怒懟特朗普的樣子，太酷了！

2、Benghazi bison

Trump promised the world that the climate was still very good, but I saw clearly that when he said this, he held his money bag tightly, just like Judas in the last supper, which was sad!

特朗普向全世界承諾，氣候仍然很好，但我清楚地看到，當他這樣説的時候，他緊緊地握着他的錢袋，就像《最後的晚餐》裏的猶大一樣，這是令人傷心的！

3、Dezhou fans

Hahaha, why do you dreamers slander a president who tries to change everything? In the Obama era, I was on the street because I lost my job and couldn’t repay my loan. But today, I have my own job and my own life. I thank trump!

哈哈哈，你們這些空想家憑什麼去詆譭一位努力改變一切的總統？在奧巴馬時代，我因為喪失工作而無法償還貸款而流落街頭，但是在今天，我擁有了自己的工作，我擁有了自己的生活，我感謝特朗普！

And don’t forget who is the biggest carbon emitter in the world!

還有，別忘了誰才是世界上最大的碳排放國！

4、Houston

Well, another American red neck! I guess you’re going to slander China, aren’t you?

好吧，又一個美國紅脖子！我想你會誹謗中國，是嗎？

But the truth is China is doing very well controlling pollution and reforestation.

但是事實卻是，中國正在很好地控制污染和重新造林。

First, we must remember that very little of the CO2 in the earth’s atmosphere was put there by China. 90% of the world’s existing CO2 was emitted by Europe and the USA, starting in the eighteenth century. China is a latecomer。

首先，我們必須記住，地球大氣中的二氧化碳很少是中國排放的。從十八世紀開始，世界上已有90%的二氧化碳排放來自歐洲和美國。中國是後來者。

5、Lake honey

Hey guys, I think it’s stupid for us to argue about a country that doesn’t deserve our attention, is it? Why should we fight for a country that will not be associated with us in this lifetime?

嘿，夥計們，我認為我們為一個不值得我們關注的國家爭吵是愚蠢的，不是嗎？為什麼我們要為一個今生與我們無關的國家而爭吵？

6、Godfree Roberts

Maybe it is. You think China has nothing to do with you, but China doesn’t think so. Most of us are cheated by the media and they ignore China’s contribution to the world!

也許是的。你認為中國與你無關，但中國不這麼認為。我們大多數人都被媒體欺騙了，他們忽視了中國對世界的貢獻！

You know what? Just last year, coal plants near many of China’s big cities and other highly polluting factories were shut down. For Chinese leaders, such a decision requires great courage. As a developing country, India does not have any written environmental protection law yet, but China takes the initiative to take this responsibility.

你知道嗎？就在去年，中國許多大城市附近的煤電廠和其他高污染工廠被關閉。對中國領導人來説，這樣的決定需要極大的勇氣。同樣作為發展中國家，印度還沒有任何成文的環境保護法，但中國主動承擔起這一責任。

Some people are suggested to transfer their business to the rural and remote areas of the country. More expensive alternative sources of energy, such as wind farms, hydroelectric dams, nuclear power plants and solar power generation areas, began to

（他們）建議一些人把高污染生產轉移到農村和偏遠地區。而更昂貴的替代能源，如風電場、水電站、核電站和太陽能發電區，（在中國）被開始普及！

Now, China had become the world’s largest supplier of alternative energy that had been converted into the transmission grid. In the future, you will see many more green energy projects taking shape.

現在，中國已經成為世界上最大的替代能源供應國，這些替代能源已經轉化為輸電網，在未來，你將看到更多的綠色能源項目正在形成。

7、Tom McGregor

I have lived in China for 6 years, and I think I am qualified to answer this question——In 2013, China was clouded over by severe smog, swirling sandstorms and all-around bad air. And for those living in Beijing, they were stuck in ground zero and on a number of days, schools and public facilities were shut down to prevent the young and elderly from going outdoors.

我已經在中國生活了6年，我想我有資格回答這個問題——回想2013年，嚴重的霧霾、肆虐的沙塵暴和似乎無處不在的惡劣空氣籠罩着中國。對於居住在北京的人來説，在相當多的日子裏，學校和公共場所被迫關閉以防止孩子和老年人外出……人們簡直是被困在原地動彈不得。

Now let’s flash forward to the time of this writing as of 2019 - six years later. For those residing in Beijing between the years 2013 and 2019, they will have noticed the remarkable difference in air quality. Chinese had played an instrumental role to improve the environment in the country.Beijing had signed on to the United Nations Climate Change pact and agreeing to measures that would enforce penalties on rogue polluters, while supporting clean energy projects.

現在，讓我們把時間快速拉回我寫這段文字的2019年——也就是六年後。對於從2013年至今一直居住在北京的人來説，他們當然注意到了空氣質量的明顯變化。中國在改善環境方面發揮了重要作用。共同抗擊全國性的污染問題。北京簽署了《聯合國氣候變化框架公約》（2018年），並同意採取措施，在扶持清潔能源項目的同時，對那些破壞性的污染者（污染企業）施以嚴懲。

8、Singer

I am an Indian, and I would like to express my best wishes for China’s achievements in environmental protection. In addition, I think the international community lacks the most basic tolerance for India. As you know, in 2019, India was selected as the second largest green contributor after China by the international climate Committee!

我是一個印度人，對於中國所取得的環保成就我要表達自己的祝福，此外，我認為國際社會對印度缺乏最基本的包容——要知道就在2019年，印度還被國際氣候委員會評選為僅次於中國的第二大綠化貢獻國！

9、Jerusalem pilgrims

I love India very much, but I’m sorry that I love truth more!

我非常愛印度，但很抱歉我更愛真理！

The “green contribution” you mentioned should refer to the satellite map of the total global vegetation released by NASA last year, which was reported on the website of Nature magazine in the UK. The original words should be as follows: from 2000 to 2017, the global green area “bucked the trend” by 5%, which is equivalent to the area of one more Amazon rainforest. China and India are the main contributors.

你提到的“綠色貢獻”應該指的是美國宇航局去年公佈的全球植被總量衞星圖，該圖在英國《自然》雜誌網站上有報道。原話應該是這樣的：從2000年到2017年，全球綠化面積“逆勢”增長了5%，相當於又一片亞馬遜雨林的面積。中國和印度是主要貢獻者。

So let’s see what China and India have done in 17 years?

那麼讓我們看看中國和印度17年來做了什麼？

The Loess Plateau, 250,000 square miles of yellow soil, had lost so much tree cover by 1902 (above) that it was called ‘China’s Sorrow’ for its cycles of flooding, drought and famine. Sparse vegetation, loose soil and intense, heavy rains made it the most eroded area on earth and the billions of tons of yellow sediment gave the Yellow River its name. A Trial Spot began in 1999 increased the vegetation cover by eighty percent by 2019 and reduced sediment runoff by ninety percent. Below

黃土高原，一片25萬平方英里（64萬平方公里）的黃土地，到1902年時已經失去了它的絕大部分植被（如上圖），洪水、乾旱和饑荒的循環週而復始，曾一度被稱為“中國的傷心之地”。植被稀少、土壤疏鬆以及強烈的暴雨，使這裏成為地球上土地侵蝕最嚴重的地區，數十億噸的黃色泥沙甚至造就了“黃河”之名。1999年，中國開始了一個試驗，到2019年，黃土高原的植被覆蓋率提高到了80%，泥沙徑流減少了90%。現在的黃土高原是這個樣子：

1978年，為了阻止戈壁沙漠的南侵，志願者們開始在中國的北方，打造一道長約3千英里（約5千公里）、需要種植上千億棵樹木的防風林——即中國的“綠色長城”。2011年～2016年間，中國平均每年減少荒漠化土地面積1500平方英里（3900平方公里），總共恢復荒漠化土地達到4萬平方英里（約10萬平方公里）。截至2018年，中國總共種植樹木超過7百億棵，森林覆蓋率從19%上升到了25%，沙塵暴頻率顯著降低。

（譯註：上面幾段的數據，和譯者查到的多有出入。如，黃土高原部分地區林草覆蓋率的確達到了80%，但全境植被覆蓋率，只有非官方數據是2019年的65%；又如，根據今年國家林草局公佈的數據，我國荒漠化土地面積目前是年均縮減2424平方公里，我國森林覆蓋率則是由1949年的9%、70年代末的12.7%，提高到了23%）

目前，中國林業官員正投入6億美元，修復100萬英畝（6百萬畝或4千平方公里）退化農田，並讓其中20萬英畝停止一切種植，以恢復含水層、修復受污染土壤、重建生態系統並修正鹽鹼化程度。

The Key Shelterbelt Development Programs (1978 – 2050) comprise several sub-programs including the Three North Shelterbelt Program (TNSP), the Shelterbelt Development along the Middle and Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, the Coastal Shelterbelt Development Program, and the Farmland Shelterbelt Network in the Plains Areas. The TNSP covers 42% of the Chinese territory across 13 provinces in China’s NW, N and NE regions. Its main aim is to reduce and control desertification and erosion in N China by planting shelterbelt forests around farmlands and pastures, and afforesting barren land. Between 2001 and 2010 275,000 km2 have been afforested and tree coverage in the region has reportedly increased from 5% to >10%. This has included a large citizen participation component with citizens planting a total of 66 billion trees since 1978. The total planned afforestation by 2050 is 356,000 km2.

The Grain for Green Program (2000 – 2020 with previous pilot phase) aims to convert croplands and barren land to forests in environmentally fragile areas (e.g. steep slopes) to reduce erosion, control flooding and provide forest resources in 25 provinces in central and western China. The converted lands are generally located in environmentally marginal areas (e.g. on sandy soils) where yields are low. The program resulted in total afforestation of 248,600 km2 between 1999 and 2012 and targeted 32 million households.

“退耕還林還草工程（2000～2020年，包括一個前期試點階段），工程旨在將環境脆弱地區（如邊坡）的農田和荒地轉變成森林，以減少土地侵蝕，控制洪水，並在中國中西部25個省份擴大森林資源。退耕的土地通常是農作物產量較低的邊緣環境土地（如沙化土地）。該工程自1999年至2012年期間，共造林24.86萬平方公里，參與農户3200萬户。”

The Natural Forest Protection Program (2000 – 2020) aims to protect and rehabilitate natural forests and to increase forest resources. The program covers 17 provinces along the Upper reaches of the Yangtze and Yellow Rivers, in China’s NE and in Inner Mongolia. Between 2001 and 2010 44,000 km2 of new forest was established; 120,000 km2 of land was set aside for natural regeneration; over 1 Mio km2 of forest was taken into management and protection; and over 600,000 displaced forester workers have been re-settled. Commercial logging in natural forests has been banned within key state forest areas, and timber harvesting has consequently been reduced from 18.24 Mio m3 in 1997 to 10.99 Mio m3 in NE China and Inner Mongolia [5]. Total investments between 2000 and 2010 were RMB 118.6 billion, and another RMB 244 billion has been allocated for the 2nd program phase between 2010 and 2020.

The Sandification Control Program in Beijing and Tianjin Vicinity (2001 – 2023) aims to reduce desertification and dust storms in Beijing and surrounding areas through various means, including 52,000 km2 of afforestation and 20,000 km2 of grass establishment between 2001 and 2012.

There are so many things China has done that we can’t list them in order. So let’s see what India has done?

中國做的事情太多了，我們難以把它們按順序列出來。讓我們看看印度做了什麼？

Unexpected answer: 0

意外的答案：0

We can see that when China started to systematically optimize the national environment not only 17 years ago, India has been adopting the policy of “Inaction”. In fact, various survey results show that the biggest reason for the increase of greening degree in India is the seasonal increase of “agricultural production” when NASA made statistics!

我們可以看到，中國在17年前開始系統優化國家環境時，印度一直採取“不作為”的政策。事實上，各種調查結果表明，印度綠化程度提高的最大原因是美國宇航局統計時“農業生產”的季節性增長！

10、Pyrenees

Yes! China is addressing the problem much sooner than the West, which waited 200 years to address the pollution they had caused and are still dragging their feet.

是的，中國解決污染問題的動作比西方國家快得多，西方等了整整200年，才開始着手解決本就由他們造成、至今也仍在拖他們後腿的污染問題。

In a 2017 TV address, President referenced the environment eighty-nine times, “We want our modernization characterized by harmonious co-existence between man and nature–because any harm we inflict on nature will eventually return to haunt us. Since limpid waters and lush mountain forests are invaluable we must seek a simple, moderate, green, low-carbon lifestyle in eco-friendly communities.” He consolidated seven agencies into a Ministry of Ecological Environment, charged it with extending policymaking to the entire natural endowment, and promised not to export pollution through investment or foreign policy.

而中國呢？在2017年發表的電視講話中，中國提到“環境”一詞總共89次，“我們要建設的現代化是人與自然和諧共生的現代化……人類對自然的傷害最終會傷及人類自身……綠水青山就是金山銀山……我們要致力於倡導簡約適度、綠色低碳的生活方式”。中國國務院原有的七個機構被合併為生態環境部，負責將中央的環保決策貫徹落實到整個國家；中國同時承諾控制污染不以投資或對外政策的形式，出口到其他國家。

China has launched wide-ranging ecological reforms in a bid to develop an ‘ecological civilization’ and the ecosystem is improving[1] rapidly.

以發展“生態文明”為目的，中國進行了廣泛的生態環境制度改革，整個國家的生態系統正在迅速得到改善。

11、George Tait Edwards

Since 2001, global green leaf area has increased by an area equivalent to all of the Amazon rainforests, and at least one-fourth of that gain came in China. Here’s a summary:China’s six key forestry programs cover 97% of China’s counties and have a combined afforestation aim of 760,000 km2. Their scale is globally and historically unparalleled.

自2001年以來，全世界的綠葉林面積增長，已經相當於一整個亞馬遜雨林，而其中至少四分之一是由中國貢獻的。這裏有一篇總結性的報告：“中國六大林業重點工程，覆蓋全國97%的縣，造林面積76萬平方公里。它們的規模在全世界和整個人類歷史上都是無與倫比的。

without such re-forestration programmes, we can’t save the planet. The Nature article is another Western-attitudes-dominated unhelpful bit of anti-Chinese advice. The Nature magazine in usually more balanced than that. Re-forestration obviously works well and the trees and the Chinese people and the wold are the major beneficiaries. Unfortunately there are many Westerners who are willing to say anything for money.

如果不靠人工造林，我們就沒有別的辦法了。《自然》雜誌的那篇文章，不過是又一個西方式傲慢態度支配下的毫無營養的反華論調。按常理來説，《自然》雜誌應該更客觀平衡些才對。人工造林顯然是有效的，森林、中國人以及整個世界都是其受益者。不幸的是，有很多西方人，為了錢什麼話都願意説。

不可否認，對於外國網友“ George Tait Edwards”的論調，老鐵是表示相當贊同的：

有很多西方人，為了錢什麼話都願意説。

如今西方口舌之爭，早已脱離保護初衷的“環保鬧劇”，何嘗不是如此？