美《國家利益》：讓美國再次流氓_風聞

美《國家利益》：讓美國再次流氓

作者：宛如詩 

核心提示：暗殺伊朗少將卡西姆 · 蘇萊曼尼，以及為這次暗殺編織的理由，無論從時間還是空間的角度來看，都表現出極度的短視。

美《國家利益》：讓美國再次流氓

Making America Rogue Again 

譯文簡介：暗殺伊朗少將卡西姆 · 蘇萊曼尼，以及為這次暗殺編織的理由，無論從時間還是空間的角度來看，都表現出極度的短視。

譯文來源：https://nationalinterest.org/blog/paul-pillar/making-america-rogue-again-111796

正文翻譯：龍騰網

翻譯：宛如詩

The assassination of Iranian Maj. Gen. Qassim Suleimani, and the rationales offered for this killing, exhibit extreme myopia no matter where one looks in space and time.

暗殺伊朗少將卡西姆 · 蘇萊曼尼，以及為這次暗殺編織的理由，無論從時間還是空間的角度來看，都表現出極度的短視。

Looking forward, there is no evidence that President Donald Trump’s ordering of the assassination was guided by any appreciation for the ill consequences that would follow, including the recent Iranian retaliation. The administration’s assertions that Americans are now safer are belied by the administration’s own travel advisories and other tacit admissions that Americans are decidedly less safe than they were a week ago. Suggestions that the assassination was intended to pre-empt an imminent Iranian attack—for which the administration has offered no public evidence—are belied by ample indications that the operation was in preparation for some time. 

展望未來，沒有證據表明，唐納德 · 特朗普總統下令進行暗殺是出於對隨之而來的不良後果的任何認識，包括最近伊朗的報復。 

政府聲稱美國人現在更加安全的説法，與政府的旅行建議以及其他一些心照不宣的承認不符，後者顯示美國人明顯比一週前更加不安全。 

有關暗殺行動是為了預先制止伊朗即將發動的襲擊的説法 ( 政府沒有提供任何公開證據) 是站不住腳的，有大量跡象表明，這次暗殺行動已經準備了一段時間。

Besides, Suleimani was not the triggerman for any plot that did exist, and killing such a senior leader does not pre-empt anything. Far from the assassination having, as Trump put it, “stopped for good” whatever the Iranians may have been planning, it hardly dents the ability of the Iranian Quds Force, with its deep bench, to operate.

此外，蘇萊曼尼並不是任何陰謀的觸發者，殺死這樣一位高級領導人並不能預先制止任何事情。 

特朗普説，暗殺行動是為了“預先制止” ，不管伊朗人可能在計劃什麼，它幾乎沒有削弱伊朗聖城軍的運作能力。

That responsibility is not relieved by observations that Suleimani “had blood on his hands” or was “responsible for the death of Americans.” Iranian actions, like the actions of other states, do not take place in a vacuum. Most of those American deaths occurred in a war of choice that the United States launched in Iran’s neighbor Iraq and that triggered both a sectarian civil war and an insurgency against an occupying power. Moreover, applying the bloodied-hands metaphor to a senior military or political leader such as Suleimani, who has ordered or commanded operations amid warfare, opens up one’s own senior military and political leaders to similar rhetorical treatment. How might non-Americans assign responsibility, for example, for the civilian deaths, numbering in the hundreds of thousands, resulting from the offensive war in Iraq that an American president ordered and that U.S. generals commanded?

這種責任並沒有因為蘇萊曼尼“雙手沾滿鮮血”或者“對美國人的死亡負有責任”的觀察而減輕，伊朗的行動和其他國家的行動一樣，不是憑空發生的。 

這些美國人的死亡大多發生在美國在伊朗鄰國伊拉克發動的一場選擇性戰爭中，這場戰爭引發了宗派內戰和反對佔領國的叛亂。 

此外，把血跡斑斑的“雙手”比喻應用到蘇萊曼尼這樣的高級軍事或政治領導人身上，會讓自己的高級軍事和政治領導人也受到類似的修辭對待，蘇萊曼尼曾在戰爭期間下令或指揮軍事行動。 

美國總統下令、美國將軍們指揮的伊拉克進攻戰爭，造成數十萬平民死亡，美國的將軍們該如何承擔責任？

Beyond the myopia about an immediate destructive past and more destruction yet to come in the immediate future, Americans should reflect on what the assassination of Suleimani (and of a senior Iraqi, in an operation that grossly disregarded Iraqi sovereignty) says about what kind of global citizen the United States has become under Trump. In the past three years, Trump has registered historically low citizenship grades, with behavior ranging from the intentionally destructive, such as crippling international organizations, to the simply boorish, such as shoving heads of government out of the way. But now has come an even more significant and negative departure. The United States had not assassinated foreign leaders, no matter how loathsome they were, for the past half-century—not since the days of exploding cigars intended to kill Cuba’s Fidel Castro and a U.S.-blessed coup in South Vietnam in 1963 that included the assassination of President Ngo Dinh Diem. With the killing of Suleimani, that moratorium has ended.

除了對眼前的破壞性短視和不久的將來還會出現的更多破壞的目光短淺，美國人應該反思，暗殺蘇萊曼尼(以及一名伊拉克高級官員，這次行動嚴重無視伊拉克主權 ) 説明了在特朗普的領導下，美國已經變成了什麼樣的世界公民。

在過去三年裏，特朗普的全球公民身份等級處於歷史最低水平，他的行為包括有意破壞的行為，比如削弱國際組織，把（別國）政府首腦推到一邊等粗魯行為，現在又出現了更加重大和更消極的背信棄義。 

在過去的半個世紀裏，美國沒有暗殺過外國領導人，不管他們多麼令人討厭。

自從有人試圖用雪茄炸死古巴領導人菲德爾 · 卡斯特羅以及1963年美國支持的南越政變( 包括暗殺總統吳廷琰以來，就沒有這樣的事情發生過，隨着蘇萊曼尼的被殺，這一禁令已經結束了。

Apparent exceptions to that moratorium have come within the context of warfare, such as with the opening air salvo of the U.S. war on Iraq in 2003, which included an unsuccessful effort to target Iraqi President Saddam Hussein. But if that is considered a precedent, then it means that Trump, despite all he says about not wanting a new war, has already started a such a war with Iran.

這項禁令的明顯例外只出現在戰爭中，例如2003年美國在伊拉克戰爭中發動空襲，其中包括一次針對伊拉克總統薩達姆 · 侯賽因的失敗行動，但如果這被認為是一個先例，那麼這意味着，儘管特朗普説不想發動新的戰爭，但他已經發動了一場與伊朗的戰爭。

Refraining from assassinating foreign leaders has been a wise American policy, partly to avoid the negative consequences of such killings. The consequences include reprisals by the targeted parties that may be not only in-kind but also take other forms. Moreover, other parties may be encouraged to play the game of nations by such loose and deadly rules. In this regard, it is worth noting that the Russian foreign ministry’s statement about the Suleimani killing included the observation, “We have encountered a new reality—the murder of a representative of the government of a sovereign state, an official in the absence of any legal grounds for these actions.”

In addition to avoiding the negative practical consequences, foreswearing the assassination of foreign leaders is a matter of principle. It gets to the character and values of a nation, and to the nation’s self-image and self-esteem. Killing other nations’ leaders is not the sort of thing a good nation does. It is the sort of thing terrorists do.

除了避免負面的實際後果之外，預防暗殺外國領導人也是一個原則問題，它涉及到一個國家的性格和價值觀，以及這個國家的自我形象和自尊。 

殺害其他國家的領導人不是一個好國家應該做的事情，這是恐怖分子做的事情。

By doing it, Trump has further discredited whatever he says about terrorism. To talk about Suleimani in the same breath as references to slain ISIS chief Aby Bakr al-Baghdadi, as Trump did in his statement following the assassination, grossly misrepresents Suleimani’s role and status. That status is reflected in the huge crowds of Iranians mourning his death. In a recent poll by the University of Maryland, Iranians named Suleimani as the most popular public figure in their country. And as for terrorism, part of the reason for that popularity was Suleimani’s leading role in successfully combating ISIS, which had conducted major operations against Iran.

這樣做，特朗普進一步推翻了他關於恐怖主義的任何言論。 

特朗普在暗殺事件發生後的聲明中把蘇萊曼尼和被殺害的 ISIS 頭目阿比 · 巴克爾 · 巴格達迪相提並論，嚴重歪曲了蘇萊曼尼的角色和地位，這種地位反映在大批伊朗人哀悼他的死亡。 

在最近的一次馬里蘭大學學院市分校民意調查中，伊朗人將蘇萊曼尼 稱為他們國家最受歡迎的公眾人物。 

至於恐怖主義，蘇萊曼尼在成功打擊伊斯蘭國方面發揮了主導作用，而ISIS曾對伊朗實施過重大行動。

Openly killing someone with a missile fired from a military drone does not qualify as terrorism according to the official U.S. definition of a terrorist event, which requires it to be perpetrated by either a non-state actor or a clandestine agent of a state. But used for the assassination of a foreign leader, the nature and consequences of the act are the same. The only difference is the available hardware. If Iran had Reaper drones, it no doubt would try to use them to retaliate in kind. But Iran doesn’t have such high-tech aircraft, so its retaliation will use other means that the Trump administration will denounce as terrorism, amid cries to climb another rung on the ladder of escalation that Trump himself created.

根據美國官方對恐怖事件的定義，用軍用無人機發射的導彈公開殺人不算恐怖主義，因為恐怖主義事件的實施者要麼是非國家行為者，要麼是某個國家的秘密特工，但用於暗殺外國領導人，性質和後果是相同的行為，唯一的區別是可用的硬件。

如果伊朗擁有“收割者”無人機，毫無疑問，它會試圖用它們來進行同樣的報復。 

但伊朗沒有這樣的高科技飛機，因此它的報復將使用特朗普政府譴責為恐怖主義的其他手段，同時在特朗普親自制造的升級階梯上再爬一級。

If Trump and Pompeo really want to get off that ladder, they need to do more than just say they want de-escalation. They actually need to de-escalate. That means not only backing off from more provocative and deadly kinetic acts; it also means backing off from the economic warfare that started the destructive cycle.

如果特朗普和蓬佩奧想要脱離這個階梯，他們需要做的不僅僅是口頭上説要下台階，他們必須做出有效的緩和，不僅意味着放棄更具挑釁性和致命性的動能行為，還意味着放棄開啓破壞性循環的經濟戰。

A great nation, as the United States has been throughout its history, sets and observes high standards of international behavior. It does so confident that its strength and character will enable it to protect and advance its interests effectively without stooping to lower standards and doing the sorts of things that rogue states and terrorists do. By acting like a rogue, Trump has diminished America’s greatness. 

一個偉大的國家，就像歷史上的美國一樣，制定並遵守國際行為的高標準。 

它深信自己的實力和特點將使它能夠有效地保護和推進自身利益，而不會屈尊降低標準，做出流氓國家和恐怖分子做的那種事情。 

特朗普表現得像個流氓，削弱了美國的偉大。評論翻譯原創翻譯：龍騰網 http://www.ltaaa.com 翻譯：宛如詩 轉載請註明出處

R. Arandas ?

If we do go to war, most of Europe will not support us, just FYI.

如果我們真的開戰，大多數歐洲人不會支持我們，僅供參考。

exf14rio ?

Here’’s a news flash, Mr. Pillar… you aren’’t privvy to high level intel. It’’s easy to guess and guess wrong when you don’’t know what’’s going on. 

BTW, you show an amazing sympathy for these Islamist terrorists - I think YOU have a lot to answer for, before you start accusing others of recklessness.

我得説，皮勒（文章作者），你又不是什麼高級情報人員，你不知道發生了什麼的時候，你很容易猜錯。

順便説一句，你對這些伊斯蘭恐怖分子表現出驚人的同情——我認為在你開始指責其他人魯莽之前，還是先拎清楚自己把。

CaptCanuck ? 

The Ayatollahs support terror like Hezbollah who are terrorists they supply the Taliban, Hamas, Palestinian Islamic Jihad etc all sorts of degenerates. The sooner Iran becomes less radical and gets rid of the mental mullahs the better.

阿亞圖拉們（對伊朗等國伊斯蘭教什葉派領袖的尊稱）支持像真主黨這樣的恐怖組織，他們為塔利班、哈馬斯、巴勒斯坦伊斯蘭聖戰組織組織等各色墮落分子提供支持，伊朗越早變得不那麼激進，越早擺脱精神毛拉越好。

R. Arandas CaptCanuck ?

This general also helped fight back Sunni militant groups in the region though, nothing is black-or-white regarding the Middle East.

這位將軍也幫助打擊了該地區的遜尼派武裝組織，但在中東，沒什麼是非黑白之分。

wm97 ? 

Donald Trump has the same attention span as a dog in a room full of squirrels. What do you expect?

特朗普的注意力廣度，就像滿是松鼠的房間裏的一條狗一樣，你想指望什麼？

Yuki ? 

“If Trump and Pompeo really want to get off that ladder, they need to do more than just say they want de-escalation. They actually need to de-escalate. That means not only backing off from more provocative and deadly kinetic acts; it also means backing off from the economic warfare that started the destructive cycle.” white flag ? surrender ?

“如果特朗普和蓬佩奧想要脱離這個階梯，他們需要做的不僅僅是口頭上説要下台階，他們必須做出有效的緩和，不僅意味着放棄更具挑釁性和致命性的動能行為，還意味着放棄開啓破壞性循環的經濟戰。”

——這是要舉白旗？要投降？

wm97 Yuki ? 

I think it means, do something besides knee jerk reactions. You know, the thing Trump is weak at.

我認為這句話的意思是，做點除本能反應之外的事情，特朗普缺啥，你懂的。

Steve Dutch ? 

Bin Ladin was stupid. He hit targets of symbolic value but he inflicted gratuitous casualties on innocent people. He unified Americans even if he did ultimately manage to goad us into a morass of security theater. And by convincing Americans that Islam was their enemy, helped lay the groundwork for Trump. We aren’t the only people who create blowback.

So if Iran hits iconic targets like the Statue of Liberty, or mass targets of innocent people like sporting events, they’ll only reinforce the anti-Islamic climate in the U.S. Plus remove any moral qualms against striking back with full force.

Smart, while staying as far as possible off DHS radar, would be to target Trump’s personal interests. Or those of his most rabid supporters. I’ve got a little list….

本 · 拉登是個笨蛋，他襲擊具有象徵意義的目標，毫無理由地造成無辜平民的傷亡，他把美國人團結起來，儘管他最終設法把我們帶進了一個泥潭裏，通過讓美國人相信伊斯蘭教是他們的敵人，幫助為特朗普奠定了基礎，我們不是唯一製造反效果的人。

因此，如果伊朗襲擊像自由女神像這樣的標誌性目標，或者像體育賽事這樣的大規模無辜民眾目標，他們只會加劇美國的反伊斯蘭氣氛，並消除任何反對全力反擊的道德疑慮。

聰明的做法是，儘可能遠離國土安全部的監視，把目標對準特朗普的個人利益，或者那些他最狂熱的支持者，巧了，我這有一份小小的清單。。

George King? 

I predict that there will be simultaneous incidents where many Americans and their assets in the Middle East which will suffer attacks in the near future. Every US generals or recognizable service man in the Middle East is now a target, not just from Iraqi trainees but also from the population and not just there but those in USA also. That’s the rage when you assassinate a hero who help decimated ISIS. 

People such as Ivanka who are not directly in the line of fire may be targeted and so also other prominent people, because if Trump wants to use assassination as a tool, then he just opened the flood gates for the Middle Eastern patriots to do the same.

Previously, there are restraints and always the Israelis Mozad were the culprits to do the USA work and US can claim deniability. Now, the blood is on Trump’s hand and thus by extension, Americans are targeted since they elected him. The sad part is that Trump doesn’t care and is not smart enough to see the implications for all Americans when he followed the ill advices of those closed to him who are out for war.

我預計，在不久的將來，許多美國人和他們在中東的設施將同時遭受襲擊。

在中東的每一位美國將軍或知名的軍人現在都是目標，不僅是伊拉克的受訓人員，也包括自當地和美國的民眾，這就是刺殺一個幫助摧毀ISIS的英雄的憤怒。

像伊萬卡這樣沒有直接在火線上的人可能會成為目標，其他名人也會成為目標，因為如果特朗普把暗殺作為一種工具，那麼他就為中東的愛國者打開了同樣的大門。

以前，還是有一些節制的，往往是以色列的摩薩德充當替罪羊，美國可以否認，現在，特朗普手上沾滿了鮮血，自從他當選美國總統以來，美國人就成了他們的目標。

可悲的是，當特朗普聽從那些與他關係密切的參謀人員的錯誤建議時，他並不在乎，也沒有足夠的智慧來認識到這對所有美國人的影響。

R. Arandas Irtaza Malik Awan ? 

The Middle East should solve its own problems, if the Arabs or Israelis dislike this man, they should try to oppose him without American interference.

中東應該獨立解決自己的問題，如果阿拉伯人或以色列人不喜歡這個人，他們也應該是在沒有美國干涉的情況下反對他。

wm97 Irtaza Malik Awan ? 

At the same time, we have a President whose college professors said that he was the stupidest person ever to walk into their classrooms. He has attention deficit disorder so severe that he can’’t read a full page of printed text. He never was able to complete a one-hour test on anything in school simply because he can’’t sit still that long. It is doubtful that he could even locate Iran on a map. He has already proven that he can’’t locate NK on a map.

Just the kind of person we want to have in charge to deal with the crazies. Right?

與此同時，我們有一位總統，他的大學教授説他是有史以來走進他們教室的最愚蠢的人。

他患有嚴重的注意力缺陷障礙，無法閲讀完一整頁書，在學校裏，他從來沒能完成過一個小時的考試，因為他不能長時間坐着不動，他甚至無法在地圖上確定伊朗的位置，他已經證明他在地圖上找不到朝鮮的位置。

但正是我們選出這種人來負責處理這些瘋狂的事情，對吧？

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文章來源：龍騰網 | 責任編輯：東方