古代科舉考試有多難?_風聞
龙腾网-2020-03-12 16:29
【來源龍騰網】
評論翻譯:

Lincoln Cheng (鄭博軒), Citizen of the Middle Kingdom
upxed May 28 · Upvoted by Lyonel Perabo, B.A. in History. M.A in related field (Folkloristics)
In 19th century China, there lived a relatively unknown and obscure man named Hóng Xiùquán (洪秀全).
在19世紀的中國,有一個比較默默無聞的人,他叫洪秀全。
Just one of many Chinese civil service hopefuls striving to gain a place in the supreme imperial bureaucracy of the ruling Qing Dynasty. And like most people who took the notoriously hard and infamous imperial examinations, Hong was actually quite intelligent. Possessing a seemingly innate aptitude for the scholarly pursuits and administrative capabilities demanded by the esteemed imperial court. However, also like most people, he failed the exams (which had a passing rate of a little over 1%) time and time again, until he had exhausted both his own (and family’s) finances.
Upon receiving his failed exam results for a fourth and final time, Hong reportedly suffered a full-blown mental breakdown. During which he came under the influence of American Protestant-Christian missionaries preaching in his locality, and subsequently became intensely religious. In the following weeks, Hong grew even more mentally unstable and delirious. Eventually claiming that he was the younger Chinese brother of Jesus Christ, and that God the father had appeared to him in a dream. Where he was supposedly tasked with overthrowing the ruling pagan Qing dynasty in China, purging the world of “demon-worshippers”, and establishing a Christian kingdom of heavenly peace on Earth.
Hong then converted to Christianity, and would ultimately go on to start the Taiping Rebellion, which plunged China into a decade-long civil war that culminated in the deaths of 20–30 million people.
他只是眾多中國公務員候選人中的一個,他們都很努力的想要在統治清朝的最高帝國官僚機構中獲得一席之地。和大多數參加過臭名昭著、環境艱苦的科舉考試的人一樣,洪秀全實際上相當聰明。具有一種似乎生來就有的追求學術和管理能力的天賦,這是受到尊敬的朝廷所尋求的。然而,和大多數人一樣,他一次又一次地考試不及格(及格率略高於1%),直到他耗盡了自己(和家人)的財力。
據報道,他第四次,也是最後一次收到不及格的考試成績後,精神崩潰了。在此期間,他受到在當地傳教的美國新教-基督教傳教士的影響,後來變得非常虔誠。在接下來的幾周裏,洪的精神變得更加不穩定和精神錯亂。最後,他聲稱自己是耶穌基督的弟弟,上帝爸爸在夢中出現在他面前。據推測,他的任務是推翻統治中國的異教清朝,清除世界上的“惡魔崇拜者”,並在地球上建立一個神聖和平的基督教王國。
洪後來皈依基督教,最終發動太平天國起義,使中國陷入長達十年的內戰,最終導致2-3千萬人死亡。
原創翻譯:龍騰網 http://www.ltaaa.com 翻譯:青丘國的守護者 轉載請註明出處
That’s how hard the imperial examinations were.
(Almost makes me feel sorry for Hong.)
科舉考試就是這麼難。(幾乎讓我為洪感到難過。)
(譯註:洪秀全(1814年1月1日—1864年6月1日 [1] ),曾用名火秀 ,族名仁坤,後來為了避上帝名諱而改為洪秀全 ,廣東花縣(今廣東省廣州市花都區)新華鎮官祿村人 。清末農民起義領袖。
道光年間,屢應科舉不中,遂吸取基督教教義中的平等思想,撰寫《原道救世歌》。咸豐元年(1851年)1月11日,洪秀全領導發動金田起義, 建國號太平天國,號天王。咸豐三年(1853年),定都江寧(今南京),改稱天京。建都之後,洪秀全分兵佔領長江各省,派兵北伐、西征 ,並摧毀江南、江北大營。咸豐六年(1856年),洪秀全誅楊秀清、韋昌輝,史稱“天京事變”,隨後,他迅速啓用陳玉成、李秀成等新將領;並以洪仁玕為軍師,推行新政。 同治三年(1864年),洪秀全在天京病逝,享年51歲。其逝世後太平天國運動在中外反動勢力的聯合絞殺下失敗。在政治上,洪秀全完善職官制度,修建王府,確立五軍主將;在經濟上,頒佈《天朝田畝制度》,力求廢除封建土地所有制;在文化上,他焚燒四書五經,推崇拜上帝教;在主權原則上,對清政府簽訂的不平等條約一概不予承認,並積極抗擊帝國主義侵略。
洪秀全領導的太平天國運動席捲了大半個中國,歷時十四年,給中外反動勢力沉重的打擊,在中國近代歷史上留下深遠的影響。洪秀全為太平天國運動做出了巨大貢獻,乃至孫中山也自詡“洪秀全第二” [8] 。但洪秀全對倫理和儒家社會的破壞舉措,奉行的盲目排外政策和不切實際的綱領,以及他後期腐化的生活作風等,都具有負面影響)