單日確診6557；死亡率9.01%；意大利發生了什麼？聽聽意大利專家怎麼説_風聞
德不孤-新闻搬运工2020-03-22 17:12
來源：國是直通車 2020-3-22
當地時間3月11日，新冠肺炎疫情下意大利米蘭最大的華人街（via paolo sarpi）街頭景象 中新社發 蔡志微 攝
荷蘭媒體BNO新聞網最新消息，意大利新增新冠肺炎確診病例6557例，系單日最大增幅，新增死亡病例793例。累計確診病例增至53578例，累計死亡病例達4825例。死亡率為全球最高，達9.01%。
在意大利發生了什麼？
美國國家公共廣播網（NPR）採訪了多位意大利專家。朱塞佩·雷穆齊（Giuseppe Remuzzi）博士説，中國疫情暴發之前，病毒至少就已經在意大利的倫巴第北部地區傳播起來了。
以下為該報道翻譯全文：
意大利西南部坎帕尼亞大區43歲的獸醫丹妮拉·德·羅莎(DanielaDe Rosa)上週末因感染新冠病毒入院時，拍下了一段視頻。她在視頻中的請求在意大利引起了廣泛關注，該國報告的新冠肺炎死亡人數剛剛超過了中國。
“我在醫院病房裏隔離了這麼多天，我都數不清了。”她説，“我除了每天和醫生聯繫兩次外和任何人都失去了聯繫。”
“很少有人理解發生了什麼。我希望人們看到我正在受苦。”德·羅莎繼續説道。
“每個人都必須呆在家裏，不能危及他人的生命。”她堅持説。
自上週日這段視頻在Facebook上被分享以來，瀏覽量已超過1100萬次。
截至週四下午，意大利共有41035人累計確診新冠肺炎，共3405人死亡，已經超過中國已知的3200人的死亡病例數。本月早些時候，意大利成為第一個在全國範圍內實施封城以控制疫情的西方國家，但儘管採取了嚴格措施，確診病例數仍在持續攀升。
意大利擁有全民醫療保障系統。但現在，意大利的醫院和醫務人員不堪重負，這引發了令人痛苦的抉擇。
意大利麻醉止痛復甦和重症監護學院(ICAARIC)發佈了一份指南，稱其為“災難醫學”式情形。該學院直言不諱地表示：鑑於衞生資源嚴重短缺，應該讓“最有可能救治成功和存活的患者”使用重症監護設備。
“如果你有一個99歲高齡的男性或女性病患，那就是一個有很多（基礎性疾病）的病人。同時你又有一個兒童病患需要插管，而此時你只有一個呼吸機，我的意思是，你不會靠拋硬幣來進行選擇。”羅馬的一名外科醫生和腫瘤學家卡羅.維泰利(Carlo Vitelli)説。
他是在對一名年輕男子進行闌尾穿孔手術幾小時後發表這番言論的，該男子曾與一名來自意大利北部的人有過接觸，而意大利北部是新冠病毒感染最為嚴重的地區。這是“對一個隔離之人進行的緊急手術。”維泰利醫生説道，“不知道他是否會好起來，我不這麼覺得，但是誰知道呢。”
意大利將新冠病毒大流行視為戰時緊急情況。衞生官員正忙着安置更多的牀位。在米蘭，舊廣場正在被改造成一個擁有500個新牀位的新冠肺炎急救醫院；意大利全國各地的醫院都在户外搭起了充氣式帳篷，便於分診治療。
“其他國家可以從意大利學到重要的經驗。” 朱塞佩·雷穆齊（Giuseppe Remuzzi）博士説，他是最近發表在世界權威醫學期刊《柳葉刀》上一篇關於意大利疫情嚴峻形勢的論文的合著者。經驗包括如何迅速將一家綜合醫院轉變成一個配備有受過專門訓練的醫生和護士的新冠肺炎定點救治醫院。
“我們的皮膚科醫生，眼科醫生以及病理學家正在學習如何使用呼吸機照顧病患。” 雷穆齊説。
有人質疑為什麼在2月21日新冠病毒爆發時，意大利表現得措手不及。
雷穆齊説，他現在不斷從全科醫生那裏聽到有關消息。“他們記得見過這種非常奇怪的肺炎，非常嚴重，尤其是在老年人羣體中，在（去年）12月甚至11月的時候，”他説道。“這意味着在我們知道中國疫情暴發之前，病毒至少就已經在意大利的倫巴第北部地區傳播起來了。”
他還表示：你不可能與你並不知道其存在的東西作鬥爭。
（翻譯：梅亞雯）
中新社發 蔡志微 攝
美國國家公共廣播網（NPR）報道原文
‘Every Single Individual Must Stay Home’: Italy’s Coronavirus Surge Strains Hospitals
作者：Sylvia Poggioli
Daniela De Rosa, a 43-year-old veterinarian in Italy’s southwest Campania region, made a video message over the weekend as she was hospitalized with COVID-19. Her video plea has gathered much attention inItaly, which has just surpassed China in the number of reported deaths from the new coronavirus.
“I’ve been in isolation in a hospital room for so many days I’ve lost count,” she says. “I have no contact with anyone other than doctors twice a day.”
“Very few people understand what’s happening. I want people to see I’m suffering,” De Rosa continues.
“Every single individual must stay home and not endanger the lives of others,” she insists.
Since the video was shared on Facebook last Sunday, it has racked up more than 11 million views.
As of Thursday afternoon，Italy has registered 41,035 diagnoses of the coronavirus and 3,405 deaths. The death toll is now higher than China’s known COVID-19 deaths of over 3,200. Earlier this month，Italy became the first Western country to launch a nationwide lock down to contain the outbreak, but despite strict measures, the number of cases continues to rise.
Italy has a universal health care system. But now，its hospitals and medical staff are overwhelmed，prompting anguished debate.
The Italian College of Anesthesia，Analgesia，Resuscitation and Intensive Care has issued guidelines for what it calls a “catastrophe medicine”-like scenario. The college putit starkly: Given the serious shortage of health resources, patients with the “best chance of success and hope of life” should have access to intensive care, the organization says.
“If you have an 99-year-old male or a female patient, that’s a patient with a lot of diseases. And you have [a] young kid that need[s] to be intubated and you only have one ventilator, I mean, you’re not going to … toss the coin,” says Carlo Vitelli，a surgeon and oncologist in Rome.
He’s speaking just a few hours after operating on a perforated appendix of a young man who had been in contact with a person from northern Italy，where the virus has hit the hardest in the country. It was “an emergency operation done on somebody who was in quarantine,” Dr. Vitelli says,“don’t know if he’s going to develop. I don’t think so. But, you never know.”
Italy is treating the coronavirus pandemic like a wartime emergency. Health officials are scrambling to set up more beds. In Milan, the old fairgrounds is being turned into an emergency COVID-19 hospital with 500 new beds; across the country, hospitals are setting up inflatable tents outdoors for triage.
Other countries can learn important lessons from Italy, says Dr. Giuseppe Remuzzi, co-author of a recent paper in The Lancet about the country’s dire situation. The takeaways include how to swiftly convert a general hospital into a coronavirus care unit with specially trained doctors and nurses.
“We had dermatologists, eye doctors，pathologists, learning how to assist a person with a ventilator,” Remuzzi says.
Some question why Italy was caught off guard when the virus outbreak was revealed on Feb. 21.
Remuzzi says he is now hearing information about it from general practitioners. “They remember having seen very strange pneumonia, very severe, particularly in old people in December and even November,” he says. “This means that the virus was circulating, at least in [the northern region of] Lombardy and before we were aware of this outbreak occurring in China.”
He says it was impossible to combat something you didn’t know existed.
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加強封鎖！意大利軍隊出擊
來源：中國日報網 2020-3-21
據美國廣播公司報道，20日意大利新增新冠肺炎死亡病例627例，這是疫情爆發以來世界各地單日死亡病例最高數字。目前意大利已啓用軍隊實施更嚴格的封鎖。
在意大利北部的疫情十分嚴重，尤其是疫情最先暴發的倫巴第地區，醫院目前接收成千上萬名患者。倫巴第大區主席阿蒂利奧·豐塔納20日在新聞發佈會上表示，政府現已同意利用軍隊加強封鎖。
意大利軍車駛過城市街道。圖源：路透社
“（使用軍隊的請求）已被採納……在整個倫巴第，將有114名士兵駐紮，人數仍然很少，但這是積極的措施。不幸的是，我們目前沒有看到數字趨勢的變化，數字仍在上升，”豐塔納説。這些士兵目前在倫巴第地區，負責確保街頭的總體安全。