劃重點！新型冠狀病毒的危害性你知道嗎？_風聞

解讀中國工作室推薦的系列短視頻節目《你不瞭解的科學防疫知識》，今日推出第九集：《2019新型冠狀病毒有多危險？》。

截至北京時間3月26日，中國以外共192個國家累計確診新冠肺炎病例384,434例，累計死亡17,656例。全球確診和疑似病例數據在短時間內激增。隨着新冠肺炎疫情在全球範圍蔓延，越來越多的人感到恐懼和焦慮。在鋪天蓋地的新冠肺炎消息中，究竟哪些是真？哪些是假？正確的防疫知識又有哪些？

▲《你不瞭解的科學防疫知識》第9集：《2019新型冠狀病毒有多危險?》

2020年春節前夕，全球暴發新型冠狀病毒肺炎疫情。這是繼嚴重急性呼吸系統綜合徵冠狀病毒（SARS-CoV）和中東呼吸綜合徵冠狀病毒（MERS-CoV）之後，再次出現一種新的對人類有較高致病性的冠狀病毒，世界衞生組織將之命名為2019-nCoV，即2019新型冠狀病毒。

The eve of the 2020 Spring Festival saw the global outbreak of COVID-19, caused by a new coronavirus highly pathogenic to humans since severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus (MERS-CoV). The World Health Organization (WHO) named it 2019-nCoV (2019 novel coronavirus).

除了SARS和MERS，目前已知可感染人類的冠狀病毒共有六種。其中四種是人類普通感冒的常見病原體。自21世紀以來，SARS、MERS加入可傳染人類的冠狀病毒大軍，通過動物作為中間宿主傳播，給人類健康帶來嚴重威脅。

SARS病毒的天然宿主是中華菊頭蝠。2002年11月，SARS在中國廣東順德首發，並擴散至東南亞乃至全球，超過8,000人被感染，造成約900人死亡，病死率約為10%。

The natural host of SARS virus is Rhinolophus sinicus. In November 2002, the first case of SARS was identified in Shunde, Guangdong Province of China, and had spread to Southeast Asia and even acrossthe world. More than 8,000 people were infected, and some 900 died, with afatality rate around 10%.

普遍認為MERS病毒來源於蝙蝠，通過單峯駱駝這個中間宿主傳給人。MERS曾於2012年在中東暴發，2015年在韓國暴發。截止2019年12月，中東呼吸綜合徵確診2,468例，死亡851例，病死率約為34.5%。

It is commonly believed that the MERS virus originated from bats and transmitted to people through dromedaries, the intermediate host. The MERS broke out in Middle East, 2012, and in Korea, 2015. Up till December 2019, the confirmed cases of MERS reached 2,468, and the deaths amounted to 851, with the mortality rate around 34.5%.

對比SARS和MERS，新冠病毒肺炎致死率較低，但是仍高於普通流感。而且新冠病毒的傳播速度快，在短期內對引起醫療資源爆炸式的增長需求也值得注意。

2月3日，鍾南山院士表示目前確診病例病死率大概是2.3%-2.4%，因為患者集中，武漢病死率要高於外地。與SARS和MERS相比，新型冠狀病毒肺炎病死率相對較低，但仍比普通的流感要高。而大量的無症狀潛在病人讓新型冠狀病毒極為迅速地傳播，在短期內可能出現成千上萬病患。隨之而來的是患者對醫護需求的呈爆炸式增長，造成醫療物資、醫療人員和救治場所等醫護資源的短缺。

On 3rd February, Prof. Zhong Nanshan reported the death rate of confirmed cases to be roughly 2.3%-2.4% at present, with higher-than-average mortality rate in Wuhan due to denser patient population. Compared with SARS and MERS, the death rate of the novel coronavirus pneumonia is relatively lower, but still higher than that of the normal flu. Moreover, thousands of cases may arise in a short term as the emergence of a number of asymptomatic carriers accelerates the transmission of the virus, followed by a soaring demand for medical care, which leads to the shortage of medical resources including medical supplies, health workers and treatment centers.

新冠肺炎疫情在中國境內逐漸好轉，但我們仍然不能掉以輕心，做好自我防護，嚴防疫情死灰復燃。

目前最有效的防控方法，依然是少出門、戴口罩、勤洗手。如果自己出現發燒或咳嗽症狀，一定要在自我隔離的同時，及時進行疫情上報，千萬不能抱着僥倖心理四處亂跑。

So far the most effective methods to prevent and control the epidemic remain limiting outdoor activities, wearing masks and washing hands regularly. If you have symptoms of fever or cough, please do report your condition in time while self-quarantining at home, and don’t take any chances to go around.