豬豬女孩傑西卡：既生熱太陽，何生冷太空？_風聞

【來源龍騰網】

正文原創翻譯：

“If the sun is hot how is outer space cold ?”Excellent question, Jacoby Brissett, current quarterback of the Indianapolis Colts.

太陽都那麼熱了，為何太空還那麼冷？

雅各布·布里塞特這個問題問得好，他現在是印第安納波利斯小馬隊的四分衞。

It turns out that outer space is full of extreme temperatures.

其實外太空的温度普遍極端

The sun is a ball of gas and fire measuring around 27 million degrees Fahrenheit at its core and 10,000 degrees at its surface.

太陽這個氣體火球，其內核温度華氏温度2千7百萬度左右，其表面温度華氏温度1萬度。

Meanwhile, the cosmic background temperature—that is, the average temperature of outer space—hovers at negative 455 Fahrenheit.

與此同時，宇宙温度即外太空平均温度，華氏455度左右波動。

Heat from the sun travels through the cosmos as radiation, an infrared wave of energy.

太陽熱能以紅外波輻射的形式在宇宙中穿行。

Those waves excite molecules they come into contact with, causing them to heat up.

紅外波輻射派發觸及到的分子，使其升温。

原創翻譯：龍騰網 http://www.ltaaa.com 翻譯：夏目漱口 轉載請註明出處

The catch is that radiation only heats molecules and matter that are directly in its path.

問題是，紅外波輻射只和在其傳播路徑上的分子打得火熱。

Everything else stays chilly.

別的分子該寂寞，寂寞！該空虛，空虛！該冷，冷！

That’s why the nighttime temperatures on the planet Mercury can be 1,000 degrees Fahrenheit lower than the radiation-exposed day side, according to NASA.

這就是美國國家宇航局採集的數據顯示水星夜間温度比有紅外波輻射的日間温度低1000華氏度的原因。

Earth’s atmosphere helps to distribute that solar radiation through three methods: conduction, convection, and radiation.

藍星地球的大氣層通過三種方式分化太陽輻射能：傳導、對流和輻射。

When the sun’s radiation hits and warms up molecules in our atmosphere, they pass that extra energy on to the molecules around them.

當太陽輻射照射到並加熱我們大氣層中的分子時，大氣層的分子會將他們的比熱容量傳遞給周圍的分子

Those molecules then bump into and heat up their own neighbors.

這些周圍的分子又通過互相摩擦碰撞，將熱量轉化傳遞給其它分子

This heat transfer from molecule to molecule is called “conduction,” and it’s a chain reaction that warms areas outside of the sun’s path.

這種分子與分子之間的熱量傳遞就是傳導了，傳導是個連鎖反應，會讓太陽直射路徑以外的地區温度升高。

Space, however, is a vacuum—meaning it’s basically empty.

然而，太空是一個真空環境，顧名思義，空空如也。

Gas molecules in space are too few and far apart to regularly collide with one another.

氣體分子空稀，且相距甚遠，彼此之間很難有規律的碰撞傳導。

So even when the sun heats them up with infrared waves, transferring that heat via conduction isn’t possible.

所以即使經受了太陽光波的照熱也很難傳導熱量

Similarly, convection—a cycle where air gets less dense and rises as it heats up, and then sinks and gets more dense as it cools— is important for dispersing warmth across the Earth. But in the zero-g vacuum of space, it simply can’t happen.

同樣，空氣對流循環——空氣受熱密度變小上升，變冷密度增大下降的循環，對分散整個地球的太陽紅外光波熱能也很重要。但在零重力的真空中，空氣對流循環根本不可能發生。

The extreme temperature differentials of space present unique challenges to the missions conducted by space agencies around the world.In April 2019, NASA’s Parker Solar Probe was 15 million miles away from the Sun.

太空中的極端温差給世界各地的航天機構帶來了嚴峻挑戰，2019年4月美國國家航空航天局的怕克太陽探測器曾逼近太陽1500萬英里之處。

 原創翻譯：龍騰網 http://www.ltaaa.com 翻譯：夏目漱口 轉載請註明出處

That’s closer than any other spacecraft in history.

仍需指出載入史冊怕克太陽探測器是距離太陽最近的探測器。

The probe’s heat shield protected its internal parts from temperatures around 250 degrees Fahrenheit,while the back side was simultaneously experiencing temperatures of negative 238 degrees Fahrenheit.

怕黑（克）太陽探測器保護其內部零件的熱防護罩正面温度高至250度華氏温度，而後方背面的温度低至負238度華氏温度。

Preparing for temperature shifts of hundreds of degrees might sound wild,but it’s just how things are out in space.

要應對幾百度的温度變化聽起來很誇張，但這就是太空中的空情(多情自古空餘恨，此恨綿綿無絕期）。