《科學》雜誌批川普新冠發言不科學，福奇等專家被他封口（中英文對照）_風聞

《科學》雜誌9月11日發表了總編輯霍爾頓·索普的社論文章，直指特朗普在明知道新冠病毒具有極強致命性的情況下仍一直對公眾淡化其嚴重性，在科學問題上徹頭徹尾地撒謊了。

Trump lied about science

特朗普在科學問題上撒了謊

When President Donald Trump began talking to the public about coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in February and March, scientists were stunned at his seeming lack of understanding of the threat. We assumed that he either refused to listen to the White House briefings that must have been occurring or that he was being deliberately sheltered from information to create plausible deniability for federal inaction. Now, because famed Washington Post journalist Bob Woodward recorded him, we can hear Trump’s own voice saying that he understood precisely that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was deadly and spread through the air. As he was playing down the virus to the public, Trump was not confused or inadequately briefed: He flat-out lied, repeatedly, about science to the American people. These lies demoralized the scientific community and cost countless lives in the United States.

今年2月和3月，當唐納德·特朗普總統開始對公眾談論新冠病毒時，科學家們對他似乎缺乏對這一威脅的瞭解感到震驚。我們以為，他要麼拒絕聽取白宮肯定一直在做的簡報，要麼是他被故意隱瞞信息，以便為聯邦政府的不作為製造合理的理由。現在，因為著名的《華盛頓郵報》記者鮑勃·伍德沃德錄下了特朗普的談話，我們可以聽到特朗普自己説，他非常清楚這種“嚴重急性呼吸綜合徵冠狀病毒2”（SARS-CoV-2，即新冠病毒）是致命的，並能通過空氣傳播。當特朗普在公眾面前淡化病毒的嚴重性時，他自己並沒有感到困惑，也不是沒有得到充分的信息報告：他在科學問題上一再向美國人民徹頭徹尾地撒謊。這些謊言使科學界士氣低落，並使無數美國人喪生。

Over the years, this page has commented on the scientific foibles of U.S. presidents. Inadequate action on climate change and environmental degradation during both Republican and Democratic administrations have been criticized frequently. Editorials have bemoaned endorsements by presidents on teaching intelligent design, creationism, and other antiscience in public schools. These matters are still important. But now, a U.S. president has deliberately lied about science in a way that was imminently dangerous to human health and directly led to widespread deaths of Americans.

多年來，本頁（注：指社論頁）一直在評論美國曆任總統在科學方面的弱點，經常批評共和黨和民主黨執政期間對氣候變化和環境惡化採取的行動不足。我們的社論對那些總統支持的在公立學校教授智能設計論、神創論和其他反科學的做法表示遺憾。這些事情仍然很重要。但現在，一位美國總統故意在科學問題上撒了謊，這對人類健康造成了迫在眉睫的威脅，並直接導致了美國人的大量死亡。

注：智能設計論認為，自然界特別是生物界中存在一些現象無法在自然的範疇內予以解釋，必須求助於超自然的因素，即必然是具有智慧的創造者創造並設計了這些實體和某些規則，才造成了這些現象。主流科學界將這一理論視為偽科學。

This may be the most shameful moment in the history of U.S. science policy.

這可能是美國科學政策史上最可恥的時刻。

In an interview with Woodward on 7 February 2020, Trump said he knew that COVID-19 was more lethal than the flu and that it spread through the air. “This is deadly stuff,” he said. But on 9 March, he tweeted that the “common flu” was worse than COVID-19, while economic advisor Larry Kudlow and presidential counselor Kellyanne Conway assured the public that the virus was contained. On 19 March, Trump told Woodward that he did not want to level with the American people about the danger of the virus. “I wanted to always play it down,” he said, “I still like playing it down.” Playing it down meant lying about the fact that he knew the country was in grave danger.

2020年2月7日，特朗普在接受伍德沃德採訪時表示，他知道新冠病毒比流感更致命，而且它可以通過空氣傳播。他説：“這是能致命的東西”。但3月9日，他卻在推特上説：“普通流感”比新冠病毒更嚴重，而經濟顧問拉里·庫德洛和總統顧問凱莉安妮·康韋也向公眾保證，病毒已得到控制。3月19日，特朗普告訴伍德沃德，他不想向美國人民坦陳病毒的危險性。“我一直想淡化這件事，”他説，“我現在仍然希望淡化處理。”淡化病毒的嚴重性意味着他對自己知道國家面臨嚴重危險這一事實撒了謊。

It also meant silencing health officials who tried to tell the truth. On 25 February, Nancy Messonnier, director of the National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases (of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention), said, “It’s not so much a question of if this will happen anymore, but rather more a question of exactly when this will happen and how many people in this country will have severe illness.” She was right and Trump knew it. But he shut her down. He also tried to control messaging from Anthony Fauci, the nation’s foremost leader on infectious diseases. Trump’s supporters insisted that Fauci and Messonnier were not being muzzled, but now we have clear evidence in emails that they were.

淡化疫情也意味着讓那些試圖説出真相的衞生官員噤聲。2月25日, （美國疾病控制和預防中心下屬的）國家免疫和呼吸道疾病中心主任南希·梅森尼爾説：“這（指疫情）已經不是一個是否會發生的問題了，而是到底什麼時候發生，這個國家會有多少人得上這種嚴重疾病的問題。”她是對的，特朗普也知道這一點。但他不讓南希繼續履行職責（注：特朗普對南希的發言非常生氣，曾威脅要解僱她）。他還試圖控制美國傳染病方面最重要的專家安東尼·福奇發聲。特朗普的支持者堅稱，福奇和梅松尼爾沒有被封口，但現在我們從電子郵件中得到了明確的證據，他們確實被封口了。

Trump also knew that the virus could be deadly for young people. “It’s not just old, older,” he told Woodward on 19 March. “Young people, too, plenty of young people.” Yet, he has insisted that schools and universities reopen and that college football should resume. He recently added to his advisory team Scott Atlas—a neuroradiologist with no expertise in epidemiology—who has advocated for a risky and misguided course: somehow isolating the older and more vulnerable while allowing the virus free rein among young people. The opening of colleges and schools has accelerated the spread of the virus and will mean untold suffering among both students and the people to whom they are now spreading the virus.

特朗普還知道，這種病毒對年輕人來説可能是致命的。3月19日，他對伍德沃德説:“不僅是老年人，或者年紀更大的人容易被感染，還有年輕人，很多年輕人也被感染了”。然而，他堅持讓中小學校和大學重新開放，大學橄欖球比賽應該恢復。特朗普最近把斯科特·阿特拉斯加入了他的顧問團隊，他是一位神經放射學家，沒有流行病學方面的專業知識。阿特拉斯主張採取一種危險的、誤導性的做法抗疫，即以某種方式將老者和易感人羣隔離，讓病毒在年輕人中自由傳播。大學和中小學校的開放加速了病毒的傳播，對於學生和被他們傳染的人來説都意味着難以言表的痛苦。

Monuments in Washington, D.C., have chiseled into them words spoken by real leaders during crises. “Confidence,” said Franklin Roosevelt, “thrives on honesty, on honor, on the sacredness of obligations, on faithful protection and on unselfish performance.”

華盛頓特區的紀念碑上鐫刻着在危機中的關鍵領導者説過的話。富蘭克林·羅斯福曾説過:“只有在誠實、榮譽、神聖的責任心、忠誠的保護以及無私履行職責的基礎上，信心才能夠茁壯成長。”

We can be thankful that science has embraced these words. Researchers are tirelessly developing vaccines and investigating the origins of the virus so that future pandemics may be prevented. Health care workers have braved exposure to treat COVID-19 patients and reduce the death rate; many of these frontline workers have become infected, and some have died in these acts of courage. These individuals embody Roosevelt’s call to faithful protection and unselfish performance.

我們應該感謝科學界認同了這句話。研究人員正在孜孜不倦地研製疫苗，調查病毒的起源，以便預防未來的疫情。醫務工作者冒着暴露在病毒中的風險治療新冠患者，降低死亡率；許多一線工人受到感染，有些人在這些勇敢的行動中死亡。這些人都體現了羅斯福對忠誠的保護和無私履職的號召。

They have seen neither quality exhibited by their president and his coconspirators. Trump was not clueless, and he was not ignoring the briefings. Listen to his own words. Trump lied, plain and simple.

總統和他的同謀者身上都沒有這兩種品質。特朗普並不是一無所知，他也沒有無視彙報。聽聽他自己説的話。特朗普撒謊了，就是這麼簡單

加美必讀 編譯