為什麼造船業如此集中在韓國？_風聞

【來源龍騰網】

評論原創翻譯：

評論翻譯

Sang Yoon Hwang

Actually, its fairly small part of entire South Korean economy. Korean economy is mainly concentrated with R&D, semiconductor, car production and other more advanced manufacturing. Korean shipbuilding was under threat about 10 years ago by China actually but rebounded since 2010. They could not compete with China’s cost as Korean wage for shipbuilders was no longer any lower than Japanese or European counterparts All Things Considered, Koreans Earn More than Japanese. After 2010, Korea really pushed forward to produce more high-end ships like cruise ships or LNG and they reclaimed no.1 title as the biggest shipbuilders. But still, this doesn’t mean the shipbuilding economy in South Korea is generally improved - more so that global demand for shipbuilding has gone down and relatively speaking South Korea re-claimed no.1 position again. Not only that, Korean shipbuilding is focused on automation which further reduces total cost of labor. - robots produce most of the parts in ship these days. In comparison, I read a news that Chinese shipbuilders were almost always delayed and provided the ships with very poor quality & design which made South Korean ships stand out more in comparison - Qatar ordered enormous amount of ships from South Korea this year. Qatar Petroleum’s $19 billion LNG vessel order boon for South Korean shipbuilders

實際上，它只佔整個韓國經濟的一小部分。韓國經濟主要集中在研發、半導體、汽車生產等較先進的製造業。大約10年前，韓國造船業曾受到中國的威脅，但自2010年以來實際上有所反彈。他們無法與中國的成本競爭，因為韓國造船商的工資不再低於日本或歐洲同行。2010年以後，韓國真正推動了生產更多的高端船舶，如遊輪或液化天然氣，他們重新奪回了最大造船商的頭銜。不過，這並不意味着韓國的造船經濟總體上有所改善——更重要的是，全球造船需求有所下降，然而，韓國重新奪回了頭把交椅。不僅如此，韓國造船業還專注於自動化，這進一步降低了勞動力的總成本。-現在船上大部分零件都是由機器人生產的。相比之下，我讀到一則消息稱，中國造船商幾乎總是造船延誤，而且船隻的質量和設計非常糟糕，這使得韓國船隻在比較中更加突出——卡塔爾今年從韓國訂購了大量船隻。卡塔爾石油公司向韓國製造商訂購價值190億美元的液化天然氣船 0

And, what many people don’t realize is that Hyundai is really big on shipbuilding (yes, its revenue is comparable to Hyundai Motors). Some people might think that Korea just started shipbuilding out of nowhere but no, they were very serious in shipbuilding since 1970s. But since shipbuilding is very labor-intensive and low on ROI, I feel like they will eventually be surpassed by China in near future.

而且，許多人沒有意識到的是，現代汽車在造船方面真的很強大(是的，它的收入可以與現代汽車相媲美)。有些人可能會認為韓國是無緣無故地發展造船業的，但事實並非如此，他們自上世紀70年代以來就非常重視造船業。但是，由於造船業是勞動密集型的，投資回報率很低，我覺得在不久的將來，它們最終會被中國超越。 0

Many responders mentioned that European shipbuilding is in decline mainly due to high wage but no, I feel like this is just an excuse. South Korean or Japanese wage is not any lower than French or UK workers when it comes to shipbuilding but they are still more thriving in this field than European counterparts. If so, why Greeks no longer belong to top 3 in shipbuilding anymore? Not only that, I think Europeans shipbuilders are too relaxed - they usually earn revenue from getting royalty payment but really, they can’t just rely on collecting easy money. Their decline is mainly due to the fact that they lost edge in technological sectors (except for Germany) nothing more than that.

許多人提到，歐洲造船業的衰落主要是由於高工資，實際不是，我覺得這只是一個藉口。就造船業而言，韓國或日本的工資並不低於法國或英國的工人，但與歐洲同行相比，他們在這一領域仍然更為繁榮。如果是這樣的話，為什麼希臘人不再是造船業的前三名了呢？不僅如此，我認為歐洲造船商們過於放鬆了——他們通常從獲得授權中獲得收入，但實際上，他們不能僅僅依賴於這樣輕鬆獲得的收入。它們的衰落主要是因為它們在技術領域(除了德國)失去了優勢，僅此而已。 0

Im Yang Gyoon

Why is shipbuilding so concentrated in South Korea?Korea is popular when all shipping companies in the world make ships because its shipbuilding technology is superior to that of Japan and China.It is also important to design ships to be strong and safe in this shipbuilding technology.The strength of the steel that makes this ship is also important.Especially in Japan, In this country, a large steel company falsely prepared a test report on the strength of steel, causing problems around the world.Also, in China, ships that left the port after being built stopped at sea were closed.

為什麼造船業如此集中在韓國？由於韓國的造船技術優於日本和中國，因此當世界上所有的航運公司都在造船時，韓國很受歡迎。在這種造船技術中，船舶的強度設計和安全設計也很重要。製造這艘船的鋼材的強度也很重要。特別是在日本，在這個國家，一家大型鋼鐵公司偽造了一份關於鋼材強度的測試報告，在全世界造成了問題。此外，在中國，建成後離開港口的船隻卻停在了近海上。 0

In addition, LNG carriers have a delivery deadline of more than a year, but they are not delivered and may not know when the ship will be delivered to the ordering company.In Korea, there are three large-scale shipyards -- Hyundai, Daewoo and Samsung -- that can build more than a few hundred thousand tons of ships, and many smaller ones that can build tens of thousands of tons of ships.In the case of Korean ships, there have been about three clashes with warships from advanced countries, with less damage to ships manufactured in Korea and the strength of advanced ships proved to be strong due to the fact that ships from advanced countries were destroyed or eroded.

此外，液化天然氣運輸船的交貨期限超過了一年，但它們沒有交貨，而且不知道船舶何時將交貨給訂貨公司。在韓國，有三家大型造船廠——現代、大宇和三星——可以建造超過幾十萬噸的船舶，還有許多較小的造船廠可以建造數萬噸的船舶。就韓國船隻而言，它們與發達國家的軍艦發生了約三次衝突，對韓國製造的船隻造成的損害較小，而且由於發達國家的船隻遭到摧毀，事實證明，先進船隻的實力很強。 0

Paresh Terse

One report I came across on NY TV, don’t recollect on details.

我在紐約電視上看到一個報道，不記得細節了。