揭穿美方18個謠言畫皮

疫情肆虐，人命關天。病毒是人類的共同敵人，全世界都應該攜手共同應對疫情挑戰。然而以美國為代表的西方一些政客和媒體不把精力放在抗擊疫情上面，卻費勁心機“甩鍋”中國，編造了各種匪夷所思的謊言。一時間，謊言、謠傳和陰謀論甚囂塵上。來看看新冠肺炎疫情中關於中國的18個最常見謠言和事實真相。

With the COVID-19 pandemic affecting different parts of the world, the virus has become the common enemy of mankind. The world should stand in solidarity to combat the pandemic. However, some Western politicians and media, especially those from the United States, came up with groundless lies. Disinformation, rumors and conspiracy theories about China were making a great clamor. Here are the 18 most common allegations against China and the corresponding facts.

謠言1: “中國是病毒源頭，新冠病毒是‘中國病毒’”

真相：新冠病毒源頭尚未確定，病毒命名不得與特定國家相聯繫

Allegation No.1: China is the origin of COVID-19. It is the “Chinese virus.”

Fact: The origin of COVID-19 remains uncertain. The name of a virus should not be associated with specific countries or regions.

新冠病毒源自何處，這是一個嚴肅的科學問題，應由科學家而非政治家來解答。歷史上最初病例的報告地往往不是病毒來源地。醫學期刊《國際抗菌劑雜誌》刊文稱新冠病毒2019年12月底已在法國傳播，且該病例與中國缺乏關聯。世衞組織指出，“各國科研人員正在努力尋找新冠病毒來源”，因此新冠病毒最先出現在哪裏尚沒有定論，有多種可能。

The origin of COVID-19 is a scientific issue which should be determined by scientists instead of politicians. Where the disease was first reported in history was often not the place it originated. The article in the medical journal International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents says that COVID-19 was already spreading in France in late December 2019, and the case is not related to China. WHO points out that scientists are still researching the origin of the virus. It remains unclear where COVID-19 first appeared.

關於病毒命名,世衞組織早在2015年就出台人類傳染病和病原體命名相關建議，指出應避免使用地名、國名和人物、動物名稱及可能引發恐慌的概念。今年2月，世衞組織宣佈將新冠肺炎正式命名為“2019冠狀病毒病”（COVID—19）。許多西方主流媒體報道，由於將亞裔羣體與新冠病毒不當關聯，美國亞裔面臨嚴重排外情緒，屢屢受到種族歧視的騷擾和攻擊。英國《自然》期刊4月連發三次社論，對錯誤地將新冠病毒與武漢和中國關聯在一起道歉，呼籲立即停止新冠病毒污名化，避免將病毒與特定位置相關聯的不負責任行為。

As for naming new human diseases and viruses, WHO guidelines advise against including geographic locations and cultural/population references in the disease name. In February 2020, WHO announced the official names of the novel coronavirus and the disease it causes – SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19. According to some Western media reports, anti-Asian racism is on the rise due to the improper correlation between the virus and the Asians in the US. British journal Nature published three editorials in April, apologizing for falsely relating the virus to China and Wuhan. The magazine stands against COVID-19 stigmatization and irresponsible actions that associate viruses with specific locations.

謠言2: “新冠病毒系武漢病毒研究所人為製造”

真相：所有現有證據表明，新冠病毒源於自然而非人為製造

Allegation No.2: COVID-19 is man-made at the Wuhan Institute of Virology lab.

Fact: All scientific evidence indicates that the COVID-19 originates in nature rather than man-made.

“病毒人造論”遭到了國際權威機構及多數病毒學、免疫學領域學者的批駁。《柳葉刀》《自然·醫學》等權威學術期刊都先後發文強調病毒源於自然。5月1日，世衞組織衞生緊急項目負責人邁克爾·瑞安表示，已有許多科學家研究了新冠肺炎病毒基因序列，確信新冠肺炎病毒來自自然界。法國免疫學家、新冠疫情科學委員會負責人讓-弗朗索瓦·德爾弗雷西表示，新冠病毒源自實驗室的假設是“一種不屬於真正科學範疇的陰謀論觀點”。

The idea that the SARS-CoV-2 is man-made has been criticized by international agencies and scholars specialized in virology and immunology. Science journals, such as The Lancet and Nature Medicine, published articles provingSARS-CoV-2 is natural in origin. On May 1, Dr Michael Ryan, executive director of the WHO Health Emergencies Program, said they have listened to numerous scientists who’ve looked at the sequences and they were assured that this virus is natural in origin. The hypothesis that the virus was created in a Wuhan lab is “a conspiracy vision that does not relate to the real science,” said Jean-Francois Delfraissy, a French immunologist and head of the scientific council that advises the government on the COVID-19 pandemic.

就連美國科學界和情報機構也反對“病毒人造論”。美國國立衞生研究院院長柯林斯發表博客文章指出，該病毒是自然產生的，並非人類創造，不是實驗室的操作產物。4月30日，美國國家情報總監辦公室官方網站發表聲明稱，美情報界同意科學界的廣泛共識，即新冠病毒不是人造，也未經過基因改造。

Even US scientists and intelligence agencies stand against the “man-made virus theory”. Dr Francis Collins, director of the US National Institutes of Health (NIH), said in a blog post that the SARS-CoV-2 originates from nature – it is not “a product of purposeful manipulation in a lab.” On April 30, the Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI) said that US intelligence agencies were in the broad scientific consensus, saying that the SARS-CoV-2 was not man-made or genetically modified.

謠言3: “新冠病毒系武漢病毒研究所事故泄露”

真相：無證據表明武漢病毒研究所發生過病原泄露或人員感染事故

Allegation No.3: SARS-CoV-2 was accidentally leaked from the Wuhan Institute of Virology.

Fact: There is no evidence of pathogen leaks or staff infectionsin the Institute.

武漢病毒研究所P4實驗室是中法政府合作項目，具有嚴格的防護設施和措施。在2019年12月30日接收新冠肺炎患者的首批檢測試樣前，並無證據表明武漢病毒研究所的實驗室內存在新冠病毒。截至目前，該研究所內也無人感染新冠肺炎。

The P4 laboratory at the Wuhan Institute of Virology (WIV) is a collaborative project with the French government. The lab is equipped with strict protective facilities and measures to ensure safety. There had been no SARS-CoV-2 in the lab until December 30, 2019 ,when the first COVID-19 patient specimens were delivered there. Up to now, no one in the WIV has become ill with COVID-19.

已與武漢病毒研究所合作長達15年的美國生態健康聯盟主席達什亞克博士（Peter Daszak）在接受採訪時表示，關於新冠病毒從實驗室逃逸的説法純粹是胡説八道。武漢病毒研究所的實驗室內沒有與新冠病毒相關的病毒培養，所謂實驗室泄漏絕無可能。美國國家過敏症和傳染病研究所主任福奇也表示，現有證據顯示新冠病毒不是來自中國實驗室。

Dr Peter Daszak, the president of the EcoHealth Alliance, who has been working with the Wuhan Institute of Virology for 15 years, said in an interview that the idea that SARS-CoV-2 escaped from the lab was pure nonsense. The Wuhan P4 Laboratory didn’t have the virus that led to COVID-19, and what has been found now are close relatives, not the same virus. So it’s not a possibility that the virus could have come from that lab. Anthony Fauci, the US NIAID director, also said that the best evidence shows the virus was not made in a lab in China.

謠言4: “中國人故意出國向世界散播病毒”

真相：中國在最短時間內採取最嚴格防控措施，輸出病例很少

Allegation No.4: Chinese are going abroad to spread the virus to the rest of the world on purpose.

Fact: The Chinese government adopted the most strict prevention and control measures in a short time. Very few cases are exported abroad.

中國政府在疫情發生後及時採取了最全面、最嚴格、最徹底的防控措施，有效切斷了病毒傳播鏈。1月23日中國暫時關閉離漢通道。1月24日起，中國全國旅行社及在線旅遊企業被要求暫停經營團隊旅遊及“機票+酒店”旅遊產品。1月24日至4月8日武漢無商業航班，亦無列車離漢。不可能有武漢居民在此期間前往海外。

Once the outbreak occurred, the Chinese government took the most comprehensive, strict, and thorough prevention and control measures in modern history, which effectively cut off virus transmission channels. On January 23, China temporarily put Wuhan under lockdown. Since January 24, travel agencies and online travel companies in China were required to suspend operating most travel services and products. From January 24 to April 8, there were no outbound commercial flights or train services. Wuhan residents couldn’t travel overseas during this period as well.

從全球看，統計顯示中國輸出病例很少。加拿大幾個大省疫情統計數據顯示，病毒系由美國旅行者傳入加拿大。俄羅斯輸入病例無一例來自中國。澳大利亞衞生部數據顯示，從東北亞輸入病例所佔比重極小。新加坡從中國輸入病例不及從其他國家輸入的1/10。

Statistics show that very few cases are exported from China. Data in several major Canadian provinces show that the COVID-19 was brought into Canada by American travelers. None of the Russian cases were imported from China. Data from Australian Department of Health shows that the proportion of imported cases from Northeast Asia was extremely small. In Singapore, cases imported from China were less than one-tenth of those from other countries.

謠言5：“中國早期隱瞞疫情導致疫情在世界蔓延”

真相：中國本着公開、透明、負責任態度，第一時間對外發布了信息

Allegation No.5: China’s initial cover-up led to the spread of the virus globally.

Fact: China lost no time in announcing related COVID-19 information in an open, transparent and responsible manner.

2019年12月27日，湖北省中西醫結合醫院呼吸與危重症醫學科主任張繼先醫生第一時間報告其接診的3例不明原因肺炎患者情況。這是中國地方部門首次報告可疑病例。

On December 27, 2019, Dr Zhang Jixian, director of the respiratory and critical care medicine department of Hubei Provincial Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, reported three cases of pneumonia of unknown cause immediately after receiving the patients. This is the first reporting of suspected cases received by local authorities in China.

開展流行病學調查三天後，2019年12月31日，武漢市衞健委發佈《關於當前我市肺炎疫情的情況通報》。當天，中國向世衞組織駐華代表處通報了武漢出現不明原因肺炎病例信息。對中國醫生和衞生部門在流感季節迅速發現新冠病毒，世衞組織總幹事譚德塞和首席科學家斯瓦米納桑在《柳葉刀》撰文表示高度讚賞。

Three days after the epidemiological investigation, the Wuhan Municipal Health Commission released a situation report on pneumonia of unknown cause in Wuhan. On the same day, China informed the WHO China Country Office of cases of pneumonia of unknown cause detected in Wuhan. The WHO Director-General Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus and Dr Soumya Swaminathan wrote in a paper on the Lancet, praising Chinese doctors and health departments for their rapid discovery of the new coronavirus during the flu season.

需要指出的是，新冠病毒是新發現的病毒，在疫情初期，幾乎沒有任何可供借鑑的科學依據，證明這種新型病毒可能會導致危險的大流行病。正如鍾南山院士在1月20日接受採訪時所説，“疾病有時對它的認知有個過程，現在檢測能夠比較快地檢出來；專家在研判的過程中，以前是國家部門嚴格地鑑定以後才可以，現在兩次檢測有陽性就可以定。新發疾病在早期是有一個過程的。”

SARS-CoV-2 is a newly discovered virus. In the early stage of the outbreak, there was little evidence proving that it could cause a pandemic. “It takes time to recognize a new disease. During the research process, only after strict authentication of government agencies, can experts be sure of the testing results. Now after recognizing the virus, the testing process is simplified. If the patient is tested positive twice, the case is confirmed,” China’s top respiratory expert Zhong Nanshan said in an interview on January 20.

2020年1月3日，中方開始定期向世衞組織、包括美國在內的有關國家以及中國港澳台地區及時、主動通報疫情信息。中國自始至終公開、透明、及時、負責任地應對、通報疫情，世衞組織稱讚“中方行動速度之快、規模之大，世所罕見”。

On January 3, 2020, China began sending regular, timely updates about the novel coronavirus to WHO, other countries including the United States, and China’s Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan regions. China has responded and notified the world about the epidemic in an open, transparent, timely, and responsible manner. WHO said that “the high speed and massive scale of China’s moves are rarely seen in the world.”

謠言6: “中國在應對疫情中嚴重侵犯人權”

真相：中國在疫情面前捍衞了“最關鍵人權”——人的生命

Allegation No.6: China seriously violated human rights in its handling of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Fact: China has put human lives at priority, which is the top “human right.”

生命權是最基本的人權，為聯合國《世界人權宣言》和國際人權公約所確認和保障。多米尼加共和國科學院院士愛德華多·克林格説：“中國政府採取了堅決有力且對世界人民負責的措施防止疫情擴散。有人叫囂這是‘侵犯人權’，純屬無稽之談。”

The right to life is the most fundamental human right, confirmed and guaranteed by the UN’s Universal Declaration of Human Rights and International Bill of Human Rights. Eduardo Klinger, academician of the Dominican Republic Academy of Sciences, noted that the Chinese government adopted measures that are decisive and responsible for the people around the world to curb the spread of the virus, and the theory of the so-called human right violations is total nonsense.

英國倫敦市經濟與商業政策署前署長羅思義撰文一語中的，中國在疫情面前捍衞了“最關鍵人權”——人的生命。《科學》雜誌研究報告預估，中國嚴格的防控措施使中國減少了超過70萬的感染者。在國內，中國政府嚴格防控，不計成本收治患者。在國際上，中國以實際行動開展抗疫合作、提供援助。中國對國際人權事業作出的貢獻有目共睹。

John Ross, former director of Economic and Business Policy for the Mayor of London, said that China has defended “the key human right” in the lethal epidemic – helping people stay alive. The findings published in the journal Science suggest that China’s control measures during the epidemic may have prevented more than 700,000 infections nationwide. The Chinese government strictly controls and treats patients regardless of cost. Internationally, China has carried out concrete anti-virus cooperation and assistance. China’s contributions to international human rights are obvious.

謠言7: “中國太晚提供關於病毒人傳人的信息”

真相：中方發出的信息及時且強烈，美方早就知曉病毒危害性

Allegation No.7: China did not report the human-to-human transmission of COVID-19 in time.

Fact: China issuedstrong warningsin a timely manner. The US knew the danger of the virus all along.

新冠病毒是新發現的病毒。確定一種新型病毒可以人傳人，需要一個科學、嚴格的論證程序。1月9日，中方專家組已通過媒體確認病例病原體初步判定為新型冠狀病毒。1月20日，國家衞健委高級別專家組向媒體通報，新冠病毒可人傳人。

SARS-CoV-2 is a newly discovered virus. It takes scientific effort and rigorous process to prove whether the virus can be transmitted from person to person. On January 20, China’s National Health Commission informed the media that the novel coronavirus could be transmitted from person to person.

中國政府立即採取了最為嚴格、全面、徹底的防控措施。1月23日，1200萬人口的武漢封城。1月25日，6000萬人口的湖北省封省。中國以令人震撼的方式向世人發出強烈預警信息。

The Chinese government immediately adopted the most stringent, comprehensive, and thorough prevention and control measures. On January 23, China put Wuhan, a city of 12 million people, under lockdown. Hubei Province, with a population of 60 million, was locked down on January 25. China sent a strong and powerful warning to the world in an alarming way.

美方對病毒危害性一直瞭如指掌。美國是第一個從武漢撤出其領館人員、也是第一個宣佈對中國公民入境採取全面限制措施的國家。今年1月以來，白宮和多個政府部門公共衞生專家一再警告疫情的嚴重性，但白宮官員基調一直是“不要恐慌”。然而，直到3月初，美政府才嚴肅承認美國內新冠肺炎疫情危險性和嚴重性。

The US has been well aware of the danger of the virus all along. It was the first country to pull out personnel from its consulate-general in Wuhan and the first to announce entry restrictions on all Chinese citizens. Since January, public health experts repeatedly warned about the epidemic, but the White House officials responded by repeating “don’t panic." It was not until early March that the US government recognized the danger and severity of the epidemic situation in the US.

謠言8：“中國在確診和病亡等疫情數據上造假”

真相：中方數據完全公開透明，數據低是因為防控嚴

Allegation No.8: China provided false data on confirmed cases and deaths of COVID-19.

Fact: China’s data sharing is open and transparent. The low figures are due to strict prevention and control measures.

中國全國的確診和死亡病例數為什麼較低？這要歸功於中國政府及時採取了最全面、最嚴格、最徹底的防控措施。連世界衞生組織總幹事譚德塞也感嘆：“我一生中從未見過這樣的動員。”

China’s relatively low confirmed cases and fatalities are due to the country’s comprehensive, strict, and thorough prevention and control measures. Tedros commented that he had never seen this kind of mobilization in his life.

4月17日，武漢市訂正確診和病亡人數，美國一些政客藉此指責中國掩蓋了前期大量病例的證據。孰不知，訂正數據是國際通行做法。其他一些國家也在不斷對疫情數據進行訂正，美國自己也在不斷訂正。武漢市按照有關規定，經過仔細排查核對，主動訂正有關數據，是中國秉持公開、透明、負責任原則的力證。

On April 17, the Wuhan government revised the city’s confirmed cases and accumulated death tolls. Some US politicians regarded that as evidence of China covering up a large number of early cases. However, revising data is an internationally accepted practice. Some other countries are continually revising their data, and the US itself is continually revising. Wuhan revised the relevant data, providing strong proof of China upholding the principles of openness, transparency, and responsibility in data releasing.

事實上，中國戰疫過程全程公開，從1月起，中國每天公佈確診病例、病亡人數、疑似病例、密切接觸者、隔離觀察人員。世界衞生組織總幹事高級顧問布魯斯·艾爾沃德指出：“中國沒有隱瞞數據，世衞組織赴華專家組展開的多項考察都可以證明。”耶魯大學教授克里斯塔基斯也表示，自己的論文結果證實了中國病例數報告的準確性。

China’s actions in responding to COVID-19 are transparent. Since January, China has announced the confirmed cases, fatalities, suspected cases, close contacts, and quarantine numbers. Dr. Bruce Aylward, a senior advisor to the WHO director-general, noted in an interview that China is not hiding anything. And the data he collected through talks with physicians from various hospitals and other stakeholders could help corroborate China’s data. Yale Professor Nicholas A Christakis also said that his research sheds light on accuracy of Chinese COVID-19 reporting.

謠言9:“中國驅逐美國記者是為了隱藏疫情”

真相：中方措施是對美方打壓中方駐美媒體機構的反制，中方信息發佈及時透明

Allegation No. 9: China expelled US journalists to hide the COVID-19 epidemic.

Fact: China’s measures are in response to the US oppression of Chinese media outlets in the US, and the country’s release of informationhas been timely and transparent.

3月18日，中國宣佈針對美方打壓中國媒體駐美機構行為採取反制措施，包括要求《紐約時報》、《華爾街日報》、《華盛頓郵報》年底前記者證到期的美籍記者於10天內交還記者證，今後不得在中華人民共和國，包括香港、澳門特別行政區繼續從事記者工作。中方措施是對美方長期打壓中方駐美媒體機構、特別是近期驅逐60名中方記者的對等反制，而不是所謂的“為了隱藏疫情”。

On March 18, China announced that it would take countermeasures against US oppression of Chinese media outlets in the US, including demanding that journalists of US citizenship working with the New York Times, the Wall Street Journal and the Washington Post whose press credentials are due to expire before the end of 2020 hand back their press cards within 10 calendar days. They will not be allowed to continue working as journalists in the People’s Republic of China, including its Hong Kong and Macao special administrative regions. China’s measures are a reciprocal response to the US long-term crackdown on Chinese media outlets in the US, especially the recent expulsion of 60 Chinese journalists, rather than “hiding the epidemic.”

自疫情發生以來，中方秉持公開、透明和負責任的態度，每天在網上向外界公佈疫情數據。外國駐華記者每個工作日都可出席國務院聯防聯控機制、國務院新聞辦、外交部組織的例行記者會，就任何關心的與疫情相關的問題提問。大批外國駐華記者在武漢採訪，發表大量第一手報道，外界獲取中國有關疫情信息未受任何影響。中方始終歡迎各國媒體和記者依法依規在中國從事採訪報道工作，中方反對的是針對中國的意識形態偏見，反對的是借所謂新聞自由炮製假新聞，反對的是違反新聞職業道德的行為。

Since the outbreak, China has been open, transparent and responsible, in updating the public on a daily basis on the COVID-19 situation on the Internet. Foreign correspondents in China can attend regular press conferences organized by the Joint Prevention and Control Mechanism of the State Council, the State Council Information Office and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs every working day to ask questions about any issue related to the outbreak. A large number of foreign journalists in Wuhan interviewed and published abundant first-hand reports. Foreign access to information about the outbreak in China has not been affected. China always welcomes media outlets and journalists of various countries to conduct interviews and reports in China in accordance with laws and regulations. China opposes ideological bias, the use of so-called freedom of the press to fabricate fake news, and violations of journalistic ethics.

謠言10:“台灣早就向世衞組織發出病毒人傳人的警告”

真相：中國台灣地區並未向世衞組織發出警告，而是在武漢衞健委發出疫情通報後向世衞組織尋求更多信息

Allegation No. 10: Taiwan warned WHO about human-to-human transmission of SARS-CoV-2 at an early stage.

Fact: China’s Taiwan region did not warn WHO, but sought more information from the organization after Wuhan Municipal Health Commission reported the disease.

武漢市2019年12月31日對外發布不明原因肺炎疫情情況通報後，台衞生部門向國家衞健委發函瞭解武漢衞健委發佈的信息，國家衞健委通過兩岸醫藥衞生合作協議聯繫窗口及時予以了書面回覆。同日，台衞生部門向世衞組織發送所謂“預警”郵件。該郵件未提及“人傳人”，主要是向世衞組織瞭解情況。事實很清楚，大陸方面首先公佈信息，台衞生部門再進行轉述，不存在所謂台灣首先向世衞組織報告的情況。

After Wuhan reported cases of pneumonia of unknown cause on December 31, 2019, the local health department in Taiwan sent a letter to the National Health Commission (NHC) inquiring about the information released by the Wuhan Municipal Health Commission. The NHC promptly made a written reply through the designated contact points specified in the Cross-Strait Cooperation Agreement on Medicine and Public Health Affairs. On the same day, the health department in Taiwan sent the so-called “warning email” to WHO. The email made no reference to human-to-human transmission. It was primarily an inquiry about information from WHO. The facts are clear. It was the mainland of China who first released the information, and the health department in Taiwan merely relayed the message. Taiwan did not make a report to the WHO first.

世衞組織多次澄清，中國台灣地區沒有向其“示警”。5月4日，世衞組織衞生緊急項目負責人邁克爾·瑞安表示，台灣2019年12月31日發給世衞組織的電子郵件不是警告，而是要求世衞組織就媒體報道的非典型肺炎提供更多信息。不明白為什麼這個故事還在流傳。

WHO has repeatedly clarified that Taiwan did not give it a “warning.” Dr. Michael Ryan, executive director of the WHO Health Emergencies Program, clarified on May 4 that the email sent from Taiwan on December 31, 2019 was not a warning, but a request for more information on cases of atypical pneumonia reported by news sources. He doesn’t understand why the story is still spreading.

謠言11:“中國拉攏控制世界衞生組織”

真相：中國同世衞組織保持良好溝通、合作，但中國從未操控世衞組織

Allegation No. 11: China bribes and controls WHO.

Fact: China maintains good communication and cooperation with WHO, but China has never manipulated the organization.

世衞組織是由194個聯合國會員國組成的獨立國際組織。世衞組織專家團隊由來自醫學和公共健康領域的專家組成。包括中國在內的大多數成員國都明確支持世衞組織總幹事譚德塞的工作。長期以來，中國同世衞組織保持良好溝通、合作，但中國從未操控世衞組織。

WHO is a specialized UN agency with 194 member states. WHO’s team of experts are authorities from the medical and public health fields. Most member states, including China, explicitly support the work of WHO Director-General Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus. China has long maintained good communication and cooperation with WHO, but China has never controlled WHO.

在世衞組織中占主導地位的並不是中國。在4月14日美國宣佈暫停繳納世衞組織會費前，美國是世衞組織最大資金來源國。根據世衞組織官方信息，會員費目前僅佔該組織資金來源的不到四分之一，剩下的資金來自自願捐贈。如將這兩個資金來源綜合來看，中國是第九大出資國。在世衞組織21人總部領導團隊中，只有1位中國成員，而11位來自美國、歐盟、加拿大、澳大利亞。

It is not China that dominates the WHO. The United States was WHO’s largest funder before it announced it would halt funding on April 14. According to WHO official information, membership fees currently account for less than a quarter of the organization’s funding, with the rest coming from voluntary donations. If voluntary contributions are taken into account, China is only the 9th biggest contributor. Eleven members on its 21-strong headquarters leadership team are from the US, the EU, Canada and Australia, and only one is from China.

謠言12：“中國對新冠肺炎病毒全球大流行負有責任”

真相：要求中國為疫情負責、賠償，於法無據、於理不通

Allegation No. 12: China is responsible for the global spread of the pandemic.

Fact: The claim that China is responsible and should compensate for the pandemic is legally unfounded and unreasonable.

疫情是天災，中國同其他國家一樣，都是受害者。突發大規模流行疾病是世界公共衞生事件，不存在所謂疫情首發國的“國家責任”問題。對於所謂“中國負責賠償論”，外交部發言人耿爽質問：“2009年H1N1流感首先在美國確診並大面積暴發，蔓延到214個國家和地區，導致近20萬人死亡，有誰讓美國賠償了嗎？”

COVID-19 is a natural, not man-made, disaster. China, like other countries, is a victim, not a culprit. A pandemic is a global public health emergency. There is no such a thing as “state responsibility” of the first country to report cases. The 2009 H1N1 influenza virus was first detected in people in the United States and has since spread to 214 countries and regions around the world, claiming nearly 200,000 lives globally, but the international community has never demanded that the US take responsibility or pay reparations, said Geng Shuang, China’s Foreign Ministry spokesperson.

國際上沒有哪條法律支持向首先報告疫情的國家追責，中國的防疫抗疫行為也沒有違反任何國際法。在這次疫情中，中方國際通報的渠道快速、及時、公開、透明，採取的諸多防控舉措也遠超《國際衞生條例》要求。俄羅斯外交部長拉夫羅夫表示，索賠説法令人“毛骨悚然”，不可接受。

Internationally, there is no legal basis to hold the countries that first reported the outbreak accountable. China’s disease prevention and control measures have not violated any international laws either. In this outbreak, China’s channels of releasing information were fast, timely, open and transparent, and many prevention and control measures went far beyond the requirements of the International Health Regulations. Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov said his hair stood on end when he heard the allegations that China will have to pay and such claims are completely unacceptable.

謠言13:“中國防疫搞區別對待，歧視非洲公民”

真相：中方防控舉措堅持中外一視同仁，反對任何針對特定人羣的差異性做法

Allegation No. 13: China took discriminatory measures against Africans in its virus-hit cities.

Fact: China’s COVID-19 response measures apply to both Chinese and foreigners without discrimination. China opposes any differentiated anti-virus practices that target specific groups of people.

4月24日，針對所謂“非洲人在廣州遭受歧視”等謠言，中國駐南非大使館在南主流媒體上發表《警惕別有用心的謠言干擾中非友好關係發展》的署名文章。文章指出，為保護所有中外人員健康安全，廣州市近期升級了防控舉措。廣州市對所有高風險人羣進行重點排查和全面檢測，對所有入境乘客實施14天強制隔離，共對1.5萬人實施居家或集中隔離，其中中國人近1萬人，外國人有4600多人。外國人中既有非洲國家僑民，也有美、澳、俄等13國公民，絕對不是“歧視非洲”。

In response to allegations that African citizens were discriminated against in Guangzhou, the Chinese Embassy in South Africa on April 24 published a signed article in the mainstream media of South Africa titled “Be Vigilant of the Virus of Evil Rumours to Sabotage China-Africa Friendship.“The article pointed out that, in order to protect the health and safety of all Chinese and foreign nationals, Guangzhou upgraded its prevention and control measures, including prioritized and comprehensive testing of all high-risk groups, 14-day compulsory quarantine of all inbound passengers, and requiring 15,000 people to stay at home or go to designated places for collective quarantine. Nearly 10,000 of the quarantined are Chinese citizens, and more than 4,600 are foreigners, including African nationals, as well as foreign nationals from another 13 countries such as the US, Australia and Russia. There is no such thing as “discrimination against Africans.”

針對“尼日利亞公民在廣州遭到不當對待”等不實傳言，尼方進行了澄清，尼日利亞外交部長奧尼亞馬錶示，在廣州接受隔離的尼日利亞公民得到妥善安排。非洲國家駐穗領團團長4月18日表示，廣東省和廣州市採取了多項舉措，保障非洲國家在粵僑民的合法權益。部分非洲駐華使節則表示，任何外部勢力，無論出於什麼企圖，採取什麼手段，都無法阻擋非中友好關係發展。

NigerianForeign Minister Geoffrey Onyeama has rejected rumors about Nigerian citizens being treated improperly in Guangzhou, saying that Nigerians undergoing quarantine there have been treated properly. On April 18, the dean of the African Consulate Corps in Guangzhou confirmed that Guangdong Province and Guangzhou city have taken multiple steps to protect the rights and interests of African expatriates there.

Some African envoys in China have noted that the profound friendship between Africa and China has stood the test of vicissitudes and that no external force can stop it from growing further.

謠言14: “中國黑客間諜試圖竊取美國疫苗研究成果”

真相：中國堅決反對網絡黑客攻擊行為，新冠疫苗研究走在世界前列

Allegation No. 14: Hackers from China tried to steal US vaccine research results.

Fact: China firmly opposes cyber hacking, and China is already at the forefront of the global race to develop a COVID-19 vaccine.

中國曆來堅決反對並依法打擊一切形式的網絡黑客攻擊行為。反觀美國，從“維基解密”到“斯諾登事件”，再到最近的“瑞士加密機事件”，美方至今沒有也無法給國際社會一個交代。事實已經一再證明，美國長期以來對外國政府、企業和個人實施大規模、有組織、無差別的網絡竊密與監聽，中國也深受其害。

China has always resolutely opposed and cracked down on all forms of cyberattacks. On the contrary, the United States has been involved in many spying scandals such as the WikiLeaks, Edward Snowden and the Swiss Crypto AG incidents, and it has not yet given any explanation to the international community.

Facts have repeatedly proved that the US has been organizing large-scale and indiscriminate cyber spying against foreign governments, enterprises, and individuals for many years. China is also one of its victims.

中國在新冠病毒疫苗研發方面起步早、投入高、進度快，並且始終秉承開放合作的理念。疫情暴發後中國選擇了5條技術路線加快推進新冠病毒疫苗研發，覆蓋了全球在研新冠病毒疫苗的主要類型。截至目前，中國已有多個新冠病毒疫苗獲批進入臨牀試驗。近日我國科研團隊在《科學》上發佈新冠病毒疫苗動物實驗研究結果。

China has played a leading role in COVID-19 vaccine research, starting early,with high investment, and rapid progress. China has always adhered to the principles of cooperation. Since the outbreak, China has been developing a COVID-19 vaccine using five technical routes, covering the major types of coronavirus vaccines being researched worldwide. So far, several COVID-19 vaccines have been approved for clinical trials in China. Recently, Chinese researchers published the results of animal experiments on a new COVID-19 vaccine in the journal Science.

謠言15:“中國對外抗疫援助只是為了擴大地緣政治影響力”

真相：中國對外抗疫援助是投桃報李，是踐行人類命運共同體理念

Allegation No. 15: China’s foreign aid program aims to expand its geopolitical influence.

Fact: China ’s efforts to help other countries fight the pandemic is in return for their help and to practice the concept of building a community with shared future for mankind.

中華民族是懂得感恩、投桃報李的民族。中國人民不會忘記，在中方抗擊新冠肺炎疫情最困難的時刻，國際社會給了我們寶貴的支持和幫助。中國對外抗疫援助既是出於國際人道主義精神，更是源於人類命運共同體的堅定信念。

The Chinese nation knows how to be grateful and how to reciprocate. Chinese people will not forget the support they received from the international community in the darkest time of fighting the virus.

China’s foreign assistance program is derived not only from the spirit of international humanitarianism, but also from the firm belief of a community with a shared future for mankind.

國際社會普遍讚賞中方支持幫助，巴基斯坦總統、塞爾維亞總統、意大利總理、歐盟委員會主席等都以各自的方式，對中國提供的支持表示感謝。非洲聯盟發表聲明，南非和津巴布韋總統分別發表講話，感謝中方對非洲國家抗疫的大力支持，稱中方援助是真正的友誼之舉，為全球抗疫合作樹立了榜樣。

China’s kindness has been met with praise from the international community. Global leaders like the president of Pakistan, president of Serbia, prime minister of Italy, and the European Commission president have all expressed their gratitude to China for its help and support. The African Union and presidents of South Africa and Zimbabwe delivered separate speeches thanking China for its strong support of African countries in the fight against the pandemic, calling China’s aid a gesture of true friendship, and hailing it as a good example of global anti-virus cooperation.

謠言16:“中國利用新冠病毒使西方經濟癱瘓”

真相：中國經濟與世界經濟緊密相連，中國經濟也受到疫情嚴重影響

Allegation No. 16: China intends to paralyze Western economies by spreading COVID-19.

Fact: China and the world are closely inter-linked through economies. The virus has also hit China’s economy hard.

中國是多邊貿易體制的堅定支持者。自2001年中國加入WTO以來，中國經濟同世界經濟融合越來越緊密。2019年，中國進出口額高達31.54萬億人民幣，其中出口17.23萬億人民幣，約佔經濟總量的18%。中國與世界相互依存，只有世界經濟運行良好，才符合中國利益。

China has been a firm supporter of the multilateral trading system. Since China joined the World Trade Organization (WTO) in 2001, China’s economy has become more and more integrated with the rest of the world. China’s foreign trade rose to a historic high of 31.54 trillion yuan ($4.4 trillion) in 2019. Exports grew to 17.23 trillion yuan, which comprised about 18 percent of China’s gross domestic product (GDP) last year. China and the world depend on each other. China’s interests can only be served in a healthy global economy.

疫情突如其來，世界各國的經濟都遭受到巨大沖擊，中國也不例外。今年第一季度，中國GDP下跌6.8%，為1992年中國開始統計季度GDP數據以來最低數值。

The COVID-19 outbreak has taken a heavy toll on global economies, China is also one of the victims. China’s GDP shrank by 6.8 percent in the first three months of 2020 due to the coronavirus pandemic, the weakest growth rate since 1992 when the country started publishing quarterly GDP data.

謠言17:“中國囤積防護物資有意限制出口”

真相：中國從來沒有限制出口，一直力所能及地向有關國家提供醫療防護物資

Allegation No. 17: China has been hoarding medical supplies and has restricted medical exports.

Fact: China has no restrictions on medical exports. Instead, China has been providing medical supplies to other countries to the best of its ability.

每年1、2月份是中國最重要的傳統節日春節時段，再加上今年突遇疫情暴發，生產等經濟活動大面積“停擺”，國內防疫物資需求激增，物資生產量和出口量有所下降，是情理之中的事。

The Spring Festival, the biggest traditional festival in China, usually falls in January and February. The sudden outbreak of the epidemic suspended production and other business activities in many areas and sparked a surge in domestic demand for anti-epidemic supplies. Therefore, it is reasonable that production and export of supplies have declined.

疫情發生以來，中方一直在克服自身困難的同時，力所能及地向有關國家提供醫療防護物資。中國從來沒有限制醫療物資出口。中方發佈《關於進一步加強防疫物資出口質量監管的公告》等政策措施，是為了更好地加強防疫物資出口質量監管，這也是對全球抗疫負責任。

Since the outbreak, despite a still formidable task of combating COVID-19 at home, China has been providing medical supplies to other countries. China has no restrictions on exporting medical supplies. Policy measures such as the announcement on further strengthening quality control of anti-epidemic supplies were introduced to improve quality control of medical supplies and ensure orderly and well-regulated export, which is a commitment to the global anti-pandemic battle.

根據中國商務部統計，3月1日至5月6日，中國通過市場化採購方式，已經向194個國家和地區出口了防疫物資。另據中國海關統計，3月1日至4月30日，全國共驗放出口口罩278億隻，防護服1.3億套，呼吸機4.91萬台。

According to the Ministry of Commerce of China, between March 1 and May 6, China met export orders for anti-pandemic supplies from 194 countries. According to statistics from China’s General Administration of Customs, from March 1 to April 30, China exported 27.8 billion masks, 130 million protective suits, and 49,100 ventilators.

根據中國海關統計，3月1日至5月5日，中國向美國提供逾66億隻口罩、3.44億雙外科手套、4409萬套防護服、675萬副護目鏡、近7500台呼吸機。即便是蓬佩奧本人，也表示“我們期望中國繼續……向我們提供援助，並向我們出售這些商品”。

Statistics from China’s General Administration of Customs show that between March 1 and May 5, China exported to the US 6.6 billion masks, 344 million pairs of surgical gloves, 44.09 million protective suits, 6.75 million goggles, and nearly 7,500 ventilators.

Even US Secretary of State Mike Pompeo himself said that he hoped China would “continue to live up to its international obligations to provide that assistance to us and to sell us those goods.”

謠言18:“從中國進口的醫用物品都是假冒偽劣產品”

真相：中國高度重視防疫物資質量安全，部分問題源於使用不當或中外標準不同

Allegation No.18: Medical items imported from China are shoddy products.

Fact: China attaches great importance to the quality and safety of anti-epidemic supplies. Some of the problems are due to improper use or different standards between China and foreign countries.

疫情發生以來，很多國家在中國市場採購醫療物資。3月30日，我國外交部在例行記者會上明確回應，中方通過外交渠道推薦了有資質的出口企業與外國採購商溝通協商，外方採購商沒有反映通過上述渠道採購的物資有質量問題。

Since the outbreak, many countries have purchased medical supplies from the Chinese market. China’s Foreign Ministry spokesperson said at a regular press conference on March 30 that China recommended qualified companies to the foreign buyers via diplomatic channels and it hasn’t received any complaints from the buyers about the products purchased via the recommended channels.

關於荷蘭媒體稱從中國進口的口罩存在“質量問題”，據調查，那批口罩是荷蘭代理商自己採購的，中方企業發貨前已告知荷方此批口罩為非醫用口罩，出口報關手續也是以“非醫用口罩”名義履行的。關於有斯洛伐克政府官員質疑自中國採購的快速檢測試劑盒可靠性問題，據瞭解是斯方醫務人員誤將慣用的核酸試劑檢測方法用於新購買的抗原試劑盒，造成結果不準確。關於菲律賓衞生部官員有關中國援菲檢測試劑準確度的表態，菲律賓衞生部也已做出澄清，指出中國政府捐贈的檢測試劑盒與世衞組織提供的檢測試劑效果一致。

Concerning the quality problems of masks bought from China reported by Dutch media, it turns out that the masks were procured by Dutch agency companies. Investigation by Chinese authorities found that the Chinese company had informed the Dutch import company that the masks were non-surgical masks before the shipment. Export declaration procedures were also performed in the name of non-surgical masks.

Some Slovak officials questioned the reliability of the quick coronavirus test kits purchased from China. According to the investigation, Slovak medical workers used these antigen test kits incorrectly with a preceding method applicable to nucleic acid testing, which led to the inaccurate results.

Also, in response to Philippine health official’s remarks on the accuracy of China-provided aid of testing reagents, the health department made clarifications that the test kits produce identical results with those provided by WHO.

中國政府高度重視防疫物資質量安全。從3月31日起，中國政府已多次出台政策，加強醫療物品出口質量管理。商務部、海關總署、國家藥監局聯合發佈公告，要求出口的檢測試劑、醫用口罩、醫用防護服等5類產品必須取得國家藥品監管部門相關資質，符合進口國（地區）質量標準要求。海關總署也已經開始對醫用口罩等11類物品實施出口商品檢驗。

The Chinese government attaches great importance to the quality and safety of medical supplies. Relevant authorities have stepped up joint actions to tighten quality control of medical exports and ensure proper export procedures.

Since March 31, the Chinese government has issued policies on many occasions, requiring that five types of exported goods including testing kits, medical masks and medical protective suits not only obtain relevant qualifications from the national drug regulatory authority, but also meet the quality standards of the importing country. Chinese customs has also started to require that 11 types of medical supplies such as medical masksbe inspected before being exported.

責任編輯：常雯宜