英國政府允許農民使用歐盟禁止的危害蜜蜂的殺蟲劑_風聞

【來源龍騰網】

正文原創翻譯：

UK Government to let farmers use bee-killing pesticide banned in EU

-‘We need urgent action to restore the abundance of our insect populations, not broken promises that make the ecological crisis even worse,’ says Wildlife Trusts

英國政府允許農民使用歐盟禁止的危害蜜蜂的殺蟲劑

——野生生物基金會説：“我們需要採取緊急行動來恢復昆蟲數量，而不是違背承諾使生態危機進一步惡化。”

（此前，歐盟禁止了使用新煙鹼類殺蟲劑，該殺蟲劑被認為破壞了蜜蜂數量，歐洲環保主義者們上街慶祝。）

新聞：

A bee-killing pesticide so poisonous that it is banned by the EU may be used on sugar beet in England, the government has announced.

英國政府宣佈，一種被歐盟禁止使用的毒性很強的殺蜂殺蟲劑可能會在英國的甜菜上使用。

The decision to allow temporary use of the pesticide prompted fury from nature-lovers and environmentalists, who accused ministers of bowing to pressure from farmers.

允許臨時使用殺蟲劑的決定激起了自然愛好者和環保主義者的憤怒，他們指責大臣們屈從於農民的壓力。

They said during the biodiversity crisis, when at least half the world’s insects have disappeared, the government should be doing everything it could to save bees, not allow them to be killed.

他們説，在生物多樣性危機期間，世界上至少一半的昆蟲已經消失，政府應該盡一切努力拯救蜜蜂，而不是讓它們被殺死。

Environment secretary George Eustice has agreed to let a product containing the neonicotinoid thiamethoxam to treat sugar beet seed this year in an effort to protect the crop from a virus.

英國環境大臣喬治·尤斯蒂斯已經同意讓一種含有新煙鹼噻蟲嗪的產品今年用於防治甜菜種子，以保護作物免受病毒侵襲。

Last year a virus significantly reduced sugar beet yields, and similar conditions this year would be likely to present similar dangers, Mr Eustice’s department said.

尤斯蒂斯的部門表示，去年一種病毒大幅降低了甜菜產量，今年類似的情況可能會帶來類似的危險。

Setting out conditions for the “limited and controlled” use of the pesticide, officials said the minister had agreed an emergency authorisation of it for up to 120 days. British Sugar and the National Farmers unx had applied to the government to be allowed to use it.

官員們表示，在為“有限和控制”使用這種殺蟲劑設定了條件的情況下，大臣已經同意緊急授權使用這種殺蟲劑120天。英國糖業和全國農民聯盟此前向政府申請允許使用它。

But the Wildlife Trusts said neonicotinoids pose a significant environmental risk, particularly to bees and other pollinators.

但是野生動物基金會説，新煙鹼對環境造成了重大威脅，尤其是對蜜蜂和其他傳粉動物。

A third of the UK bee population is thought to have vanished in a decade, yet up to three-quarters of crop species are pollinated by bees, studies show. 

研究表明，英國有三分之一的蜜蜂在十年內消失了，然而多達四分之三的農作物是由蜜蜂進行授粉的。

A 2017 study of 33 oilseed rape sites in the UK, Germany and Hungary found a lix between higher levels of neonicotinoid residues and lower bee reproduction, with fewer queens in bumblebee hives and fewer egg cells in solitary bee nests.

2017年，一項針對英國、德國和匈牙利33個油籽基地的研究發現，高水平的新煙鹼殘留與蜜蜂繁殖率低之間存在聯繫，大黃蜂蜂箱中的蜂王更少了，獨居蜂巢中的卵細胞也更少了。

The following year, the EU agreed a ban on all outdoor uses of three neonicotinoid insecticides to protect bees.

第二年，歐盟同意禁止在户外使用三種新煙鹼類殺蟲劑，以保護蜜蜂。

Evidence suggests the pesticides harm bee brain development, weaken immune systems and can leave bees unable to fly.  

有證據表明，殺蟲劑會損害蜜蜂大腦發育，削弱免疫系統，並使蜜蜂無法飛行。

A 2019 report by the UN Food and Agriculture Organisation and the World Health Organisation said there was a “rapidly growing body of evidence” that “strongly suggests that the existing levels of environmental contamination” by neonicotinoids were causing “large-scale adverse effects on bees and other beneficial insects”.  

聯合國糧農組織和世界衞生組織2019年的一份報告稱，“迅速增多的證據”“強烈表明”新煙鹼類藥物“對環境的現有污染水平”正在“對蜜蜂和其他有益昆蟲造成大規模不利影響”。

The Wildlife Trusts tweeted: “Bad news for bees: The government has bowed to pressure from the National Farmers unx to agree the use of a highly damaging pesticide.

野生動物基金會在推特上寫道：“對蜜蜂們來説，這是一個壞消息：政府屈服於全國農民聯盟的壓力，同意使用一種極具破壞性的殺蟲劑。

“The government know the clear harm that neonicotinoid pesticides cause to bees and other pollinators and just three years ago supported restrictions on them across the European unx.

“政府清楚地知道新煙鹼類殺蟲劑對蜜蜂和其他傳粉昆蟲造成的危害，就在三年前，政府還支持在歐盟範圍內限制使用新煙鹼類殺蟲劑。

“Insects perform vital roles such as pollination of crops and wildflowers, and nutrient recycling, but so many have suffered drastic declines.”

“昆蟲扮演着至關重要的角色，比如為農作物和野花授粉，以及養分循環，但很多昆蟲的數量都在急劇下降。”

The trusts added that evidence suggests the world has lost at least 50 per cent of insects since 1970, and 41 per cent of insect species were now threatened with extinction.

該基金會補充説，有證據表明，自1970年以來，世界至少失去了50%的昆蟲，41%的昆蟲物種現在面臨滅絕的威脅。

“We need urgent action to restore the abundance of our insect populations, not broken promises that make the ecological crisis even worse.”

“我們需要採取緊急行動，恢復昆蟲的豐富數量，而不是違背承諾，使生態危機更加嚴重。”

The Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs said sugar beet was cultivated in only one out of four beet-processing factories in the east of England.

英國環境、食品和農村事務部表示，在英格蘭東部，只有四分之一的甜菜加工廠種植甜菜。

Last month it was revealed that the National Farmers’ unx had organised a letter from members to Mr Eustice urging him to allow the neonicotinoid called Cruiser SB to be used in England this spring.

據透露，上個月全國農民聯盟組織成員寫了一封給尤斯蒂斯先生的信，敦促他允許今年春天在英國使用名為Cruiser SB（譯註：“SB巡洋艦”？）的新煙鹼。

A message to members stated: “Engagement on this campaign has been truly incredible”, adding: “Please refrain from sharing this on social media.”

在發給會員的一條信息中寫道：“人們對這項活動的參與度真的令人難以置信”，並補充道：“請不要在社交媒體上公開它。”

Thiamethoxam is designed protect sugar beet in its early stages from insects but critics warn it will not only kill bees but also harm creatures in the soil as it washes off.

噻蟲嗪被設計用來保護甜菜在其早期階段免受昆蟲的侵害，但批評者警告説，它不僅會殺死蜜蜂，當它被沖刷掉時，還會傷害土壤中的生物。

NFU sugar board chairman Michael Sly said the pesticide would be used in a limited and controlled way and only when the scientific threshold has been independently judged to have been met.

全國農場主聯合會糖業委員會主席邁克爾·斯萊表示，農藥將以有限和受控的方式使用，而且只有在獨立判斷達到科學閾值的情況下才會被使用。

“Virus yellows disease is having an unprecedented impact on Britain’s sugar beet crop, with some growers experiencing yield losses of up to 80 per cent, and this authorisation is desperately needed to fight this disease. It will be crucial in ensuring that Britain’s sugar beet growers continue to have viable farm businesses,” he said.

“病毒性黃化病對英國甜菜作物產生了前所未有的影響，一些種植者經歷了高達80%的產量損失，急需批准防治這種疾病。這對於確保英國甜菜種植者繼續擁有可行的農場業務至關重要，”他説。

France has also given sugar-beet farmers special permission to use neonicotinoids.

法國還特別允許種植甜菜的農民使用新煙鹼類藥物。

A Defra spokesperson said: “Emergency authorisations for pesticides are only granted in exceptional circumstances where diseases or pests cannot be controlled by any other reasonable means. Emergency authorisations are used by countries across Europe.

英國環境部發言人説：“只有在特殊情況下，當疾病或蟲害無法通過任何其他合理手段控制時，才會批准使用殺蟲劑的緊急許可。歐洲各國也都在使用緊急授權。

“Pesticides can only be used where we judge there to be no harm to human health and animal health, and no unacceptable risks to the environment. The temporary use of this product is strictly limited to a non-flowering crop and will be tightly controlled to minimise any potential risk to pollinators.”

“農藥只能在我們認為對人類健康和動物健康沒有危害，對環境沒有不可接受的風險的情況下使用。這種產品的臨時使用嚴格限制在非開花作物，並將嚴格控制，以減少任何對傳粉昆蟲潛在的風險。”