原報告全文詳解美國神秘部隊！_風聞

^5月18日《新聞週刊》報道截圖和翻譯

美國神秘部隊，到底是個什麼梗，策辯看到討論越來越多，於是把美《新聞週刊》的原文找了出來：全文約5000個單詞10頁。裏面藴含的信息遠比目前媒體解讀的更豐富，瞭解不少細節和新概念；當然仁者見仁智者見智。下面策辯將全文中英對照方便大家理解解讀，希望對你有所幫助：有一點我們是可以肯定的，我們把你們想得太好了，這句話不止是反擊，更應在全社會全面反思，並立即採取行動！他們的陰狠和在武力上與時俱進，超乎我們想象！

標題：U.S. Operating 60,000-Troop Strong Secret Army, Claims Newsweek report

據《新聞週刊》報道，美國正運行6萬龐大的秘密軍隊

題頭：Mass deception and confusion define our world. Ultimately all in the service of corrupt, privileged cliques around the globe.

大規模的欺騙和混亂定義了我們的世界。最終，這一切都為全球腐敗的、特權集團服務。

提示語：He U.S. military is operating a 60,000-troop strong secret army without any Congressional oversight, spending at least $900 million on the program annually, claimed a Newsweek report. The Newsweek report cited the results of a two-year investigation.

據《新聞週刊》報道，美國軍方在沒有任何國會監督的情況下，正在運營一支6萬人的龐大秘密軍隊，每年至少花費9億美元用於該計劃。《新聞週刊》的報道引用了為期兩年的調查結果。

The magazine’s report, said to be based on dozens of Freedom of Information Act requests, the analysis of 1,600 resumes and job postings, and interviews with several persons involved, suggests that this secret army carries out operations across the U.S. and abroad, both online and offline, and that its tasks include defeating increasingly complex technologies.

Over half of the force is said to consist of special operations troops operating in countries across the globe. 

該雜誌的報告據説是基於數十項信息自由法案的要求，分析了1600份簡歷和職位，並採訪了幾名涉案人員，表明這支秘密軍隊在美國和國外進行在線和離線行動，其任務包括擊敗日益複雜的技術。

據説，超過一半的部隊由在全球各國行動的特種作戰部隊組成。

Intelligence specialists engaged in the collection of information, counter-intelligence, and linguists are reportedly its second-largest contingent. Other personnel make up a cyber army engaged in cyberwarfare and intelligence collection, and are even reportedly working to manipulate social media – an illegal practice the U.S. has repeatedly accused countries like Russia, China, and Iran of engaging in.

據報道，從事情報蒐集、反情報和語言學家的情報專家是其第二大組成部分。其他人員組成了一支從事網絡戰爭和情報收集的網絡軍隊，據報道，他們甚至正在操縱社交媒體——美國一再指責俄羅斯、中國和伊朗等國參與這一非法行為。

The program is said to be known as “signature reduction,” and is an estimated ten times bigger than the CIA’s clandestine operations division.

據説，該計劃被稱為"減少簽名"，估計比中情局的秘密行動部門大十倍。

The covert initiative reportedly has access to the U.S. intelligence community’s grab bag of real, counterfeit, and altered foreign passports and visas, as well as what is known as a Cover Acquisition Management System, a previously never reported-on register of false identities logging the mechanisms used by operators. Along with the alteration of foreign documents and the defeat of foreign security systems, the secret army’s operators reportedly accesses and make changes to U.S. customs and immigration databases to ensure fake identities match up so that the program’s soldiers can safely return to the U.S. without raising suspicions.

據報道，這項秘密舉措可以獲取美國情報界查獲的真、假、變外國護照和簽證袋，以及所謂的"封面獲取管理系統"，該系統以前從未上報過記錄運營商使用機制的假身份登記冊。據報道，隨着外國政策的變更和外國安全系統的更替，秘密軍隊的運營商訪問並更改了美國海關和移民數據庫，以確保假身份相符，以便該計劃的士兵能夠安全返回美國，而不會引起懷疑。

The secret army reportedly includes a “Special Access Programs (SAP)” section which contains secrets about the tools and methods used to trick foreign security systems’ fingerprinting and facial recognition components, with SAPs including unassuming names such as “Hurricane Fan,” “Island Hopper,” and “Peanut Chocolate.” 

One retired senior officer boasted to Newsweek about America alleged superiority over its rivals in the “war” to defeat the “transparent world.”

據報道，秘密軍隊包括一個"特殊訪問計劃（SAP）“部分，其中包含有關用於欺騙外國安全系統指紋和麪部識別工具和方法的秘密，其中SAP包括隱秘的名字，如"颶風風扇”、“島嶼漏斗"和"花生巧克力”。

一位退休高級軍官向《新聞週刊》吹噓説，美國在"戰爭"中比對手優越，以擊敗"透明世界"。

“We’re winning this war, including on the cyber side, even if secrecy about what we are doing makes the media portrayal of the Russians again look like they are ten feet tall,” he suggested.

“我們正在贏得這場戰爭，包括在網絡方面，即使我們的所作所為的保密性讓媒體對俄羅斯人的描繪看起來像是俄羅斯更高明"他建議道。

Another unnamed senior former officer from the program admitted to the magazine that presently, nobody actually knows how big the signature reduction program really is. The official added that “everything from the status of the Geneva Conventions – were a soldier operating under false identity to be captured by the enemy – to Congressional oversight is problematic” when it comes to this secret force.

另一位不願透露姓名的前項目高級官員向該雜誌承認，目前，沒有人真正知道簽名減少計劃到底有多大。這名官員補充説，“從日內瓦四公約的地位——一個以假身份作戰的士兵被敵人俘虜——到國會的監督，一切都是有問題的”

The report – Exclusive: Inside the Military’s Secret Undercover Army – by William M. Arkin on May 17, 2021 said:

2021年5月17日，威廉·阿金在《在秘密軍隊內部卧底》一書中説。（以上是摘要）

“The largest undercover force the world has ever known is the one created by the Pentagon over the past decade. Some 60,000 people now belong to this secret army, many working under masked identities and in low profile, all part of a broad program called ‘signature reduction.’The force, more than ten times the size of the clandestine elements of the CIA, carries out domestic and foreign assignments, both in military uniforms and under civilian cover, in real life and online, sometimes hiding in private businesses and consultancies, some of them household name companies.

“世界上最大的卧底部隊是五角大樓在過去十年中建立的。現在大約有60，000人屬於這支秘密軍隊，其中許多人以假身份低調隱秘的工作，所有這些都屬於一個叫做"減少簽名"的廣泛計劃的一部分。這支部隊的規模是中情局秘密分子的十幾倍，他們身着軍裝，在平民掩護下，在現實生活中和網上執行國內外任務，有時躲在私營企業和諮詢公司，其中一些是家喻户曉的公司。

“The unprecedented shift has placed an ever greater number of soldiers, civilians, and contractors working under false identities, partly as a natural result in the growth of secret special forces but also as an intentional response to the challenges of traveling and operating in an increasingly transparent world. The explosion of Pentagon cyber warfare, moreover, has led to thousands of spies who carry out their day-to-day work in various made-up personas, the very type of nefarious operations the United States decries when Russian and Chinese spies do the same.”

“這種前所未有的轉變使以假身份工作的士兵、平民和承包商人數不斷增加，部分原因是秘密特種部隊的成長，但也是為了有意應對在日益透明的世界中旅行和行動的挑戰。此外，五角大樓網絡戰的爆發導致成千上萬的間諜以各種編造的角色進行日常工作，而正是這種邪惡行動，當俄羅斯和中國間諜也這樣做時，美國就會譴責這種行動。

The exclusive report said:

獨家報道説：

“What emerges is a window into not just a little-known sector of the American military, but also a completely unregulated practice. No one knows the program’s total size, and the explosion of signature reduction has never been examined for its impact on military policies and culture. Congress has never held a hearing on the subject. And yet the military developing this gigantic clandestine force challenges U.S. laws, the Geneva Conventions, the code of military conduct and basic accountability.

“這樣一個行動機構，不僅在美國軍隊中是一個鮮為人知的部門，而且是一個完全不受監管的做法。沒有人知道該計劃的總規模，簽名減少的爆炸性增長從未被審查過它對軍事政策和文化的影響。國會從未就此舉行過聽證會。然而，發展這支龐大秘密部隊的軍事挑戰是美國法律、日內瓦四公約、軍事行為準則和基本責任。

“The signature reduction effort engages some 130 private companies to administer the new clandestine world. Dozens of little known and secret government organizations support the program, doling out classified contracts and overseeing publicly unacknowledged operations. Altogether the companies pull in over $900 million annually to service the clandestine force—doing everything from creating false documentation and paying the bills (and taxes) of individuals operating under assumed names, to manufacturing disguises and other devices to thwart detection and identification, to building invisible devices to photograph and listen in on activity in the most remote corners of the Middle East and Africa.

“簽名減少努力使大約130傢俬營公司參與管理新的秘密世界。數十個鮮為人知的秘密政府組織支持該計劃，分發機密合同，並監督未經承認的公開行動。這些公司每年總共吸引9億多美元，為秘密部隊服務——從製造虛假文件和支付假名個人的賬單（和税），到製造偽裝和其他設備來阻止偵查和識別，到製造隱形設備來拍攝和收聽中東和非洲最偏遠角落的活動。

“Special operations forces constitute over half the entire signature reduction force, the shadow warriors who pursue terrorists in war zones from Pakistan to West Africa but also increasingly work in unacknowledged hot spots, including behind enemy lines in places like North Korea and Iran. Military intelligence specialists—collectors, counter-intelligence agents, even linguists—make up the second largest element: thousands deployed at any one time with some degree of ‘cover’ to protect their true identities.

“特種作戰部隊佔整個簽名減少部隊的一半以上，這些影子戰士在從巴基斯坦到西非的戰區追捕恐怖分子，但也越來越多地在未經承認的熱點地區工作，包括在朝鮮和伊朗等地的敵軍防線後面。軍事情報專家——蒐集人員、反情報人員，語言學家——構成第二大要素：數千人部署在某種程度的"掩護"下隨時工作，以保護他們的真實身份。

“The newest and fastest growing group is the clandestine army that never leaves their keyboards. These are the cutting-edge cyber fighters and intelligence collectors who assume false personas online, employing ‘nonattribution’ and ‘misattribution’ techniques to hide the who and the where of their online presence while they search for high-value targets and collect what is called ‘publicly accessible information’—or even engage in campaigns to influence and manipulate social media.。Hundreds work in and for the NSA, but over the past five years, every military intelligence and special operations unit has developed some kind of ‘web’ operations cell that both collects intelligence and tends to the operational security of its very activities.

“最新和增長最快的羣體是黑客部隊，他們從不離開鍵盤。這些是尖端的網絡戰士和情報收集者，他們在網上冒用虛假角色，使用"非歸因"和"錯誤歸因"技術來隱藏他們在網上存在的人和地點，同時搜索高價值目標並收集所謂的"公開獲取信息”，甚至參與影響和操縱社交媒體的活動。數以百計的人為國家安全局工作，但在過去五年中，每個軍事情報和特種作戰單位都發展了某種"網絡"行動小組，既收集情報，又傾向於其活動的業務安全。

“In the electronic era, a major task of signature reduction is keeping all of the organizations and people, even the automobiles and aircraft involved in the clandestine operations, masked. This protective effort entails everything from scrubbing the Internet of telltale signs of true identities to planting false information to protect missions and people。 As standard unforgettable identification and biometrics have become worldwide norms, the signature reduction industry also works to figure out ways of spoofing and defeating everything from fingerprinting and facial recognition at border crossings, to ensuring that undercover operatives can enter and operate in the United States, manipulating official records to ensure that false identities match up.

“在電子時代，減少簽名的主要任務是讓所有組織和人員，甚至參與秘密行動的汽車和飛機隱匿痕跡。這種保護努力涉及一切，從清除互聯網的真實身份跡象，種植虛假信息，以保護特派團和輔助人員。隨着標準令人難忘的識別和生物識別已成為世界性的規範，簽名減少行業還努力找出欺騙和擊敗一切的方法，從指紋和麪部識別在邊境口岸，以確保卧底特工可以進入和操作在美國，操縱官方記錄，以確保假身份匹配。

“Just as biometrics and ‘Real ID’ are the enemies of clandestine work, so too is the ‘digital exhaust’ of online life. One major concern of counter-terrorism work in the ISIS age is that military families are also vulnerable — another reason, participants say, to operate under false identities. The abundance of online information about individuals (together with some spectacular foreign hacks) has enabled foreign intelligence services to better unmask fake identities of American spies.Signature reduction is thus at the center of not only counter-terrorism but is part of the Pentagon’s shift towards great power competition with Russia and China — competition, influence, and disruption ‘below the level of armed conflict,’ or what the military calls warfare in the ‘Gray Zone,’ a space “in the peace-conflict continuum.”

“正如生物識別和’真實身份證明’是秘密工作的敵人一樣，在線生活的’數字尾氣’也是如此。ISIS時代反恐工作的一個主要擔憂是，軍人家庭也容易受到傷害——參與者説，另一個原因是以假身份行動。大量有關個人的在線信息（以及一些壯觀的外國黑客）使外國情報機構能夠更好地揭開美國間諜的假身份。因此，減少簽名不僅是反恐的核心，也是五角大樓轉向與俄羅斯和中國進行大國競爭的一部分——競爭、影響和破壞"低於武裝衝突水平”，或者軍方稱之為"灰色地帶"的戰爭，這是"和平衝突連接線的空間”。

“One recently retired senior officer responsible for overseeing signature reduction and super-secret ‘special access programs’ that shield them from scrutiny and compromise says that no one is fully aware of the extent of the program, nor has much consideration been given to the implications for the military institution. ‘Everything from the status of the Geneva Conventions — were a soldier operating under false identity to be captured by an enemy—to Congressional oversight is problematic,’ he says. He worries that the desire to become more invisible to the enemy not just obscures what the United States is doing around the world but also makes it more difficult to bring conflicts to a close。‘Most people haven’t even heard of the term signature reduction let alone what it creates,’ he says. The officer spoke on condition of anonymity because he is discussing highly classified matters.”

“一位最近退休的高級軍官負責監督減少簽名和保護他們不受審查和妥協的超機密’特殊准入計劃’，他説，沒有人完全瞭解該計劃的範圍，也沒有過多地考慮對軍事機構的影響。他説，從日內瓦四公約的地位——一個以假身份作戰的士兵被敵人俘虜——到國會的監督，一切都是有問題的。他擔心，希望對敵人更加看不見，這不僅掩蓋了美國在世界各地的所作所為，而且使結束衝突變得更加困難。他説，大多數人甚至都沒聽説過"簽名減少"這個詞，更別提它創造了什麼了。這名軍官不願透露姓名，因為他正在討論高度機密的問題。

下面是一個參加過項目退休人員的披露：

The secret life of Jonathan Darby

喬納森·達比的秘密生活

It said: 

“Every morning at 10:00 a.m., Jonathan Darby embarks on his weekly rounds of mail call. Darby is not his real name, but it is also not the fake name on his Missouri driver’s license that he uses to conduct his work. And the government car he drives, one of a fleet of over 200,000 federal vehicles owned by the General Services Administration,is also not registered in his real or his fake name, and nor are his magnetically attached Maryland state license plates really for his car, nor are they traceable back to him or his organization. Where Darby works and the locations he visits are also classified.

他説： 

“每天早上10點.m，喬納森·達比開始每週的郵寄電話。達比不是他的真名，但也不是他用來進行工作的密蘇里州駕照上的假名。他駕駛的政府汽車是總務局擁有的20多萬輛聯邦車輛之一，也沒有登記在他的真實或假名，也沒有他的磁性附加馬里蘭州牌照真的為他的汽車，也不是可以追溯到他或他的組織。達比的工作地點和他所訪問的位置也被分類。

“Darby’s retired from the Army, and he asks that neither his real nor his cover name be used. He served for 20 years in counterintelligence, including two African assignments where he operated in low profile in Ethiopia and Sudan, masquerading as an expat businessman. Now he works for a Maryland-based signature reduction contractor that he asked Newsweek not to identify.

“達比已經從軍隊退役了，他要求不要使用他的真名和封面名字。他在反情報領域工作了20年，包括兩次非洲任務，在埃塞俄比亞和蘇丹低調經營，偽裝成外籍商人。現在，他為馬里蘭州的一家簽名減少承包商工作，他要求《新聞週刊》不要透露身份。

As Darby makes his rounds to some 40 or so post offices and storefront mailbox stores in the DC Metropolitan area, he picks up a trunk full of letters and packages, mailing a similar number from rural addresses. Back at the office, he sorts through the take, delivering bills to the finance people and processing dozens of personal and business letters mailed from scores of overseas locations. But his main task is logging and forwarding the signature reduction ‘mechanisms’ as they are called, passports and State driver’s licenses for people who don’t exist, and other papers — bills, tax documents, organization membership cards — that form the foundation of fake identities.

當達比前往華盛頓特區約40家左右的郵局和店面郵箱商店時，他拿起一個裝滿信件和包裹的行李箱，從農村地址寄出類似的號碼。回到辦公室後，他整理了賬單，給金融界人士寄了賬單，處理了數十封從海外幾十個地方寄來的個人和商務信件。但他的主要任務是記錄和轉發簽名減少"機制”，因為他們被稱為，護照和國家駕駛執照的人不存在，和其他文件 - 法案，税務文件，組織會員卡 - 構成假身份的基礎。

To register and double-check the authenticity of his daily take, Darby logs into two databases, one the Travel and Identity Document database, the intelligence community’s repository of examples of 300,000 genuine, counterfeit and altered foreign passports and visas; and the other the Cover Acquisition Management System, a super-secret register of false identities where the ‘mechanisms’ used by clandestine operators are logged.  For false identities traveling overseas, Darby and his colleagues also have to alter databases of U.S. immigration and customs to ensure that those performing illicit activities can return to the United States unmolested.

為了登記和仔細檢查他每天拍攝的真實性，達比登錄了兩個數據庫，一個是旅行和身份證明文件數據庫，情報界儲存了 300000 份真實、偽造和篡改的外國護照和簽證：另一種是封面收購管理系統，一個記錄秘密運營商使用的"機制"的虛假身份的超級秘密登記冊。對於出國旅行的假身份，達比和他的同事還必須更改美國移民和海關數據庫，以確保從事非法活動的人能夠不受騷擾地返回美國。

“For identity verification, Darby’s unit works with secret offices at Homeland Security and the State Department as well as almost all 50 states in enrolling authentic ‘mechanisms’ under false names. A rare picture into this world came in April 2013 when an enterprising reporter at Northwest Public Broadcasting did a story suggesting the scale of this secret program. His report revealed that the state of Washington alone had provided hundreds of valid state driver licenses in fictitious names to the federal government. The existence of the ‘confidential driver license program,’ as it was called, was unknown even to the governor.

“在身份驗證方面，達比的部門與國土安全部和國務院的秘密辦公室以及幾乎所有 50 個州合作，以假名註冊真實的"機制”。2013 年 4 月，西北公共廣播公司的一位有好奇心的記者做了一個故事，暗示了這個秘密節目的規模。他的報告顯示，僅華盛頓州就以虛構的名義向聯邦政府提供了數百份有效的州駕照。所謂的"機密駕駛執照計劃"的存在，甚至對州長都不得而知。

“Before the Internet, Darby says — before a local cop or a border guard was connected to central databases in real time—all an operative needed to be ‘undercover’ was an ID with a genuine photo. These days, however, especially for those operating under deep cover, the so-called ‘legend’ behind an identity has to match more than just a made-up name. Darby calls it ‘due diligence’: the creation of this trail of fake existence. Fake birthplaces and home addresses have to be carefully researched, fake email lives and social media accounts have to be created. And those existences need to have corresponding ‘friends.’ Almost every individual unit that operates clandestinely — special operations, intelligence collections, or cyber — has a signature reduction section, mostly operated by small contractors, conducting due diligence. There they adhere to what Darby calls the six principles of signature reduction: credibility, compatibility, realism, supportability, verity and compliance.

“在互聯網出現之前，達比説——在當地警察或邊防人員實時連接到中央數據庫之前——所有需要’卧底’的特工都是一張有真實照片的身份證。然而，如今，尤其是對於那些在深度掩護下運作的人來説，身份背後的所謂"傳奇"必須與一個假名相匹配。達比稱之為"盡職調查”：創造這種虛假存在的痕跡。必須仔細研究假出生地和家庭住址，必須創建虛假的電子郵件生活和社交媒體帳户。這些存在需要有相應的"朋友”。幾乎每個秘密運作的單位——特別行動、情報收集或網絡——都有一個簽名減少部分，大部分由小型承包商經營，進行盡職調查。在那裏，他們堅持達比所説的減少簽名的六項原則：可信度、兼容性、現實性、支持性、真實性和合規性。

“Compliance is a big one, Darby says, especially because of the world that 9/11 created, where checkpoints are common and nefarious activity is more closely scrutinized. To keep someone covert for real, and to do so for any period of time, requires a time consuming dance that not only has to tend to someone’s operational identity but also maintain their real life back home.As Darby explains it, this includes clandestine bill paying but also working with banks and credit card security departments to look the other way as they search for identity fraud or money laundering. And then, signature reduction technicians need to ensure that real credit scores are maintained — and even real taxes and Social Security payments are kept up to date — so that people can go back to their dormant lives when their signature reduction assignments cease.

達比説：“遵守是一件大事，特別是因為911影響了世界，檢查站很常見，邪惡的活動也更加嚴格地受到嚴格審查。要讓某人保持真實的秘密，併為此在任何時間段內保持秘密，需要一種耗時的舞蹈，不僅要照顧某人的操作身份，還要保持他們回到家鄉的現實生活。正如 達比所解釋的，這包括秘密支付賬單，但也與銀行和信用卡安全部門合作，在搜索身份欺詐或洗錢時尋找相反的方式。然後，簽名減少技術人員需要確保保持真正的信用評分，甚至真正的税收和社會保障付款保持最新-這樣人們就可以回到他們的休眠生活時，他們的簽名減少任務停止。

“Darby’s unit, originally called the Operational Planning and Travel Intelligence Center, is responsible for overseeing much of this (and to do so it operates the Pentagon’s largest military finance office), but documentation — as important as it is — is only one piece of the puzzle. Other organizations are responsible for designing and manufacturing the custom disguises and ‘biometric defeat’ elements to facilitate travel. Darby says this is where all the Special Access Programs are. SAPs, the most secret category of government information, protect the methods used — and the clandestine capabilities that exist—to manipulate foreign systems to get around seemingly foolproof safeguards including fingerprinting and facial recognition.”

“達比的部門最初稱為作戰規劃和旅行情報中心，負責監督其中的大部分工作（並因此運營五角大樓最大的軍事財務辦公室），但文件——儘管它很重要——只是其中的一個難題。其他組織負責設計和製造定製偽裝和"生物識別失敗"元素，以方便旅行。達比説，這是所有特殊訪問計劃的地方。SAP是政府信息中最機密的類別，它保護使用的方法，以及存在的秘密能力，以操縱外國系統繞過看似萬無一失的防護措施，包括指紋識別和麪部識別。

Signature reduction’ is a term of art

簽名減少’是一種藝術！

It added:

“Numerous signature reduction SAPs, programs with names like Hurricane Fan, Island Hopper and Peanut Chocolate, are administered by a shadowy world of secret organizations that service the clandestine army — the Defense Programs Support Activity, Joint Field Support Center, Army Field Support Center, Personnel Resources Development Office, Office of Military Support, Project Cardinals, and the Special Program Office.

他補充説：

“許多簽名減少SAP，像颶風風扇，島嶼漏斗和花生巧克力的名字，是由一個秘密組織，服務秘密軍隊的陰暗世界管理 - 國防計劃支持活動，聯合野戰支援中心，陸軍野戰支援中心，人力資源開發辦公室，軍事支持辦公室，項目紅衣主教，和特別方案辦公室。

“Befitting how secret this world is, there is no unclassified definition of signature reduction. The Defense Intelligence Agency — which operates the Defense Clandestine Service and the Defense Cover Office—says that signature reduction is a term of art, one that ‘individuals might use to … describe operational security (OPSEC) measures for a variety of activities and operations.’In response to Newsweek queries that point out that dozens of people have used the term to refer to this world, DIA suggests that perhaps the Pentagon can help. But the responsible person there, identified as a DOD spokesperson, says only that ‘as it relates to HUMINT operations’ — meaning human intelligence — signature reduction ‘is not an official term’ and that it is used to describe ‘measures taken to protect operations.’

“根據這個世界的秘密程度，沒有關於減少簽名的未分類定義。負責國防秘密服務和國防掩護辦公室的國防情報局説，減少簽名是一個藝術術語，個人可能用來…描述各種活動和操作的運營安全 （OPSEC） 措施。在回答《新聞週刊》的提問時指出，有數十人使用這個詞來指代這個世界，DIA建議五角大樓或許可以提供幫助。但該負責人被確定為國防部發言人，他只表示，“因為它與HUMINT行動有關”——意思是人類智慧——簽名減少"不是官方術語”，它被用來描述"為保護行動而採取的措施”。

Another senior former intelligence official, someone who ran an entire agency and asks not to be named because he is not authorized to speak about clandestine operations, says that signature reduction exists in a ‘twilight’ between covert and undercover. The former, defined in law, is subject to presidential approval and officially belongs to the CIA’s National Clandestine Service. The latter connotes strictly law enforcement efforts undertaken by people with a badge. And then there is the Witness Protection Program, administered by the U.S. Marshals Service of the Justice Department, which tends to the fake identities and lives of people who have been resettled in exchange for their cooperation with prosecutors and intelligence agencies.

另一位前高級情報官員説，在秘密和卧底之間的"暮光之城"中，簽名的減少存在於秘密和卧底之間。前者在法律中定義，須經總統批准，正式屬於中情局的國家秘密服務。後者表示佩戴徽章的人進行的嚴格執法努力。然後是證人保護計劃，由美國司法部元帥服務處管理，該計劃傾向於假身份和被重新安置的人的生活，以換取他們與檢察官和情報機構的合作。

“The military doesn’t conduct covert operations, the senior former official says, and military personnel don’t fight undercover. That is, except when they do, either because individuals are assigned —  ‘sheep dipped’ — to the CIA, or because certain military organizations, particularly those of the Joint Special Operations Command, operate like the CIA, often alongside them in covert status, where people who depend on each other for their lives don’t know each other’s real names. Then there are an increasing number of government investigators — military, FBI, homeland security and even state officials — who are not undercover per se but who avail themselves of signature reduction status like fake IDs and fake license plates when they work domestically, particularly when they are engaged in extreme vetting of American citizens of Arab, South Asian, and increasingly African background, who have applied for security clearances.”

這位前高級官員説：“軍方不進行秘密行動，軍事人員也不與卧底作戰。即，除非他們這樣做，要麼是因為個人被分配到中央情報局——“羊浸”——或者因為某些軍事組織，特別是聯合特別行動司令部的軍事組織，像中情局一樣運作，往往與他們並肩作戰，在那裏，那些一生互相依賴的人不知道對方的真實姓名。此外，越來越多的政府調查人員——軍方、聯邦調查局、國土安全部甚至州政府官員——本身不是卧底，而是在國內工作時利用假身份證和假車牌等簽名減少身份，尤其是當他們對阿拉伯、南亞和日益非洲背景的美國公民進行極端審查時，誰已經申請了安全許可。

‘Get Smart’? 

The Newsweek report said:

“變得聰明”？ 

新聞週刊報道説：

“In May 2013, in an almost comical incident more reminiscent of ‘Get Smart’ than skilled spying, Moscow ordered a U.S. embassy ‘third secretary’ by the name of Ryan Fogle to leave the country, releasing photos of Fogle wearing an ill-fitting blond wig and carrying an odd collection of seemingly amateurish paraphernalia — four pairs of sunglasses, a street map, a compass, a flashlight, a Swiss Army knife and a cell phone — so old, one article said, it looked like it had ‘been on this earth for at least a decade.’

“2013 年 5 月，在一次幾乎滑稽的事件中，莫斯科命令一位名叫 Ryan Fogle 的美國大使館"三等秘書"離開俄羅斯，公佈福格爾戴着不合身的金髮假髮的照片，並攜帶了一組看似業餘的用具——四副太陽鏡、一張街道地圖指南針、手電筒、瑞士軍刀和手機——一篇文章説，它看上去已經"在這個地球上至少十年了”。

“The international news media had a field day, many retired CIA people decrying the decline of tradecraft, most of the commentary opining how we’d moved on from the old world of wigs and fake rocks, a reference to Great Britain admitting just a year earlier that indeed it was the owner of a fake rock and its hidden communications device, another discovery of Russian intelligence in Moscow.

“國際新聞媒體有一個現場的一天，許多退休的中情局人員譴責貿易的衰落，大多數評論評論認為，我們是如何從假髮和假石的舊世界，提到英國承認，就在一年前，它確實是一個假岩石的主人及其隱藏的通信設備，在莫斯科又發現了俄羅斯情報。

“Six years later, another espionage case hit the news, this time when a jury sent former American military intelligence officer Kevin Patrick Mallory to 20 years in prison for conspiring to sell secrets to China. There was nothing particularly unique about the Mallory case, the prosecution making its own show of presenting the jury with a collection of wigs and fake mustaches looking like Halloween costumes, the whole thing seemingly another funny episode of clumsy disguise.

“六年後，又一起間諜案成為新聞，這次陪審團以密謀向中國出售機密罪判處前美國軍事情報官員凱文·帕特里克·馬洛裏20年監禁。馬洛裏案沒有什麼特別獨特的，檢方自己向陪審團展示一系列假髮和假鬍子，看起來像萬聖節服裝，整個事情似乎是另一個有趣的情節笨拙的偽裝。

“And yet, says Brenda Connolly (not her real name), one would be naïve to laugh too hard, for both cases provide a peek into the new tricks of the trade and the extreme secrecy that hides them. Connolly started her engineering career at the Directorate of Science and Technology at the CIA and now works for a small defense contractor that produces the gizmos — think ‘Q’ in the James Bond movies, she says — for signature reduction operations.

“然而，布倫達·康諾利（不是她的真名）説，“如果笑得太厲害，那就太天真了，因為這兩種情況都提供了對交易新技巧和隱藏這些技巧的極端保密的窺探。康諾利在中情局科技局開始她的工程生涯，現在為一家小型國防承包商工作，該承包商生產小玩意兒——她説，詹姆斯·邦德電影中的"Q”，用於簽名減少操作。

That ‘ancient’ Nokia phone carried by Ryan Fogle, she says, was nothing of the sort, the innocuous outsides concealing what she calls a ‘covert communications’ device inside. Similarly, entered in evidence in Mallory case was a Samsung phone given to him by Chinese intelligence that was so sophisticated that even when the FBI cloned it electronically, they could not find a hidden partition used to store secrets and one that Mallory ultimately had to reveal to them.

她説，瑞安·福格爾攜帶的這款"古老"諾基亞手機不是那種，無害的外部隱藏着她所謂的"秘密通信"設備。同樣，在馬洛裏案中輸入的證據是中國情報部門送給他的一部三星手機，它非常複雜，即使FBI以電子方式克隆了它，他們也找不到用來存儲秘密的隱藏隔板，而馬洛裏最終不得不向他們透露。

Lost in the spy-vs-spy theater of both cases were other clues of modern signature reduction, Connolly says. Fogle also carried an RFID shield, a radio frequency identification blocking pouch intended to prevent electronic tracking. And Mallory had vials of fake blood provided by China; Connolly would not reveal what it would be used for.

康諾利説，在這兩起案件中，迷失在間諜與間諜的劇場裏，是現代簽名減少的其他線索。瑞安·福格爾還攜帶了一個RFID防護罩，一個射頻識別阻塞袋，旨在防止電子跟蹤。馬洛裏有中國提供的假血瓶：康諾利不願透露它將被用於什麼。

“Like many people in this world, Connolly is a connoisseur and curator. She can talk for hours about the broadcasts that used to go out from the Soviet Union — but also were transmitted from Warrenton, Virginia — female voices reciting random numbers and passages from books that agents around the world would pick up on their shortwave radios and match to prearranged codes.

“和世界上許多人一樣，康諾利是一位鑑賞家和策展人。她可以談論幾個小時的廣播，這些廣播過去是從蘇聯傳出的，但也從弗吉尼亞州的沃倫頓傳來，女性的聲音背誦着隨機數和書中的段落，世界各地的特工會拿起他們的短波收音機，與預先安排好的代碼相匹配。

“But then Internet cafes and online backdoors became the clandestine channels of choice for covert communications, largely replacing shortwave — until the surveillance technologies (especially in autocratic countries) caught up and intelligence agencies acquired an ability not only to detect and intercept internet activity but also to intercept every keystroke of activity on a remote keyboard. That ushered in today’s world of covert communications or COVCOMM, as insiders call it.

但隨後，網吧和在線後門成為秘密通信的首選秘密渠道，基本上取代了短波——直到監控技術（尤其是在專制國家）被追上，情報機構不僅獲得了檢測和攔截互聯網活動的能力，還能夠攔截遠程鍵盤上活動的每一個擊鍵。正如內部人士所稱的，這開創了當今秘密通信或COVCOMM的世界。

These are very special encryption devices seen in the Fogle and Mallory cases, but also dozens of different “burst mode” transmitters and receivers secreted in everyday objects like fake rocks. All an agent or operator needs to activate communications with these COVCOMMs in some cases is to simply walk by a target receiver (a building or fake rock) and the clandestine messages are encrypted and transmitted back to special watch centers.

這些都是非常特殊的加密設備，在瑞安·福格爾和馬洛裏的情況下看到，但也有幾十個不同的"爆裂模式"發射器和接收器分泌在日常物品，如假岩石。在某些情況下，所有代理或操作員需要激活與這些 COVCOMM 的通信，只需通過目標接收器（建築物或假岩石）行走，秘密消息將被加密並傳回特殊監視中心。

‘And who do you think implants those devices?’ Connolly asks rhetorically. ‘Military guys, special ops guys working to support even more secretive operations.’ Connolly talks about heated fabrics that make soldiers invisible to thermal detection, electric motorcycles that can silently operate in the roughest terrain, even how tens of feet of wires are sown into ‘native’ clothing, the South Asian shalwar kameez, the soldiers themselves then becoming walking receivers, able to intercept nearby low-power radios and even cell phone signals.”

你認為誰會植入這些設備？康諾利修辭地問道。“軍人，特別行動人員，努力支持更隱秘的行動。康諾利談到加熱織物，使士兵看不見熱檢測，電動摩托車，可以默默地在最粗糙的地形操作，甚至幾十英尺長的電線都播入了"本土"服裝，南亞的沙爾瓦·卡梅茲，士兵們自己也成了行走的接收器，能夠攔截附近的低功率收音機，甚至手機信號。

Fake hands, fake faces 

It said: 

“Wigs. Covert communications devices. Fake rocks. In our world of electronic everything, where everything becomes a matter of record, where you can’t enter a parking garage without the license plate being recorded, where you can’t check in for a flight or a hotel without a government issued ID, where you can’t use a credit card without the location being captured, how can biometrics can be defeated? How can someone get past fingerprint readers?

假手，假臉 

它説： 

“假髮。秘密通信設備。假石頭在我們的電子世界裏，一切都成了記錄問題，沒有車牌，你就不能進入停車場，沒有政府頒發的身份證，你就不能辦理航班或旅館的登機手續，在沒有捕獲位置的情況下，你不能使用信用卡，生物識別技術怎麼能被打敗呢？如何讓某人通過指紋讀取器？

“In 99 out of 100 cases, the answer is: there is no need to. Most signature reduction soldiers travel under real names, exchanging operational identities only once on the ground where they operate. Or they infiltrate across borders in places like Pakistan and Yemen, conducting the most dangerous missions. These signature reduction missions are the most highly sensitive and involve ‘close in’ intelligence collection or the use of miniaturized enemy tracking devices, each existing in their own special access programs — missions that are so sensitive they have to be personally approved by the Secretary of Defense.

“在 100 個案例中的 99 個案例中，答案是：沒有必要。大多數簽名減少士兵以實名旅行，只交換一次行動身份，在他們行動的地面上。或者他們越境滲透到巴基斯坦和也門等地，執行最危險的任務。這些簽名減少任務是最敏感的，涉及"密切"情報收集或使用小型敵方跟蹤設備，每個設備都存在於他們自己的特殊訪問計劃中——這些任務非常敏感，必須得到國防部長親自批准。

“For the one percent, though, for those who have to make it through passport control under false identities, there are various biometrics defeat systems, some physical and some electronic. One such program was alluded to in a little noticed document dump published by Wikileaks in early 2017 and called ‘Vault 7’: over 8,000 classified CIA tools used in the covert world of electronic spying and hacking. It is called ExpressLane, where U.S. intelligence has embedded malware into foreign biometrics and watchlist systems, allowing American cyber spies to steal foreign data.

然而，對於 1% 的人來説，對於那些必須以虛假身份通過護照檢查的人來説，有各種生物識別系統，有些是物理的，有些是電子的。維基解密（Wikileaks）在2017年初發布的一份名為"Vault 7"的文件轉儲中提到了這樣一個程序：在電子間諜和黑客的秘密世界中，中情局使用了8000多件機密工具。它被稱為快車，美國情報部門將惡意軟件嵌入到外國生物識別和監視列表系統中，允許美國網絡間諜竊取外國數據。

An IT wizard working for Wikileaks in Berlin says the code with ExpressLane suggests that the United States can manipulate these databases. ‘Imagine for a moment that someone is going through passport control,’ he says, hesitant to use his real name because of fear of indictment in the United States. ‘NSA or the CIA is tasked to corrupt — change — the data on the day the covert asset goes through. And then switch it back. It’s not impossible.’

一位在柏林為維基解密工作的IT嚮導説，快車的代碼表明美國可以操縱這些數據庫。他説，想象一下，有人正在通過護照檢查，因為害怕在美國被起訴，他猶豫着要使用他的真名。國家安全局或中央情報局的任務是侵蝕——改變——秘密資產通過當天的數據。然後將其切換回。這不是不可能的。

Another source pointed to a small rural North Carolina company in the signature reduction industry, mostly in the clandestine collection and communications field. In the workshop and training facility where they teach operators how to fabricate secret listening devices into everyday objects, they are at the cutting edge, or so their promotional materials say, a repository for molding and casting, special painting, and sophisticated aging techniques.

另一位消息人士指出，北卡羅來納州一家小型農村公司在招牌減少行業，大多在秘密收集和通信領域。在車間和培訓設施中，他們教操作員如何將秘密監聽設備製作成日常物品，他們處於最前沿，或者他們的宣傳材料説，這是成型和鑄造、特殊繪畫和複雜老化技術的存儲庫。

“This quiet company can transform any object, including a person, as they do in Hollywood, a ‘silicon face appliance’ sculpted to perfectly alter someone’s looks. They can age, change gender, and ‘increase body mass,’ as one classified contract says. And they can change fingerprints using a silicon sleeve that so snugly fits over a real hand it cannot be detected, embedding altered fingerprints and even impregnated with the oils found in real skin. Asked whether the appliance is effective, one source, who has gone through the training, laughs. ‘If I tell you, I’ll have to kill you.’

“這家安靜的公司可以像在好萊塢那樣改造任何物體，包括一個人，這是一種"硅面電器”，旨在完美地改變某人的容貌。正如一份機密合同所説，他們可以變老、改變性別和"增加體重”。而且，它們可以使用硅套更換指紋，這種套管非常貼合真手，無法檢測到，嵌入了改變的指紋，甚至浸漬在真皮上的油。當被問及該產品是否有效時，一位經歷過培訓的消息人士笑了。“如果我告訴你，我將不得不殺了你。

“In real life, identity theft (mostly by criminals’ intent on profit) remains an epidemic that affects everyone, but for those in the intelligence and counter-terrorism worlds, the enemy is also actively engaged in efforts to compromise personal information. In 2015, the Islamic State posted the names, photos and addresses of over 1,300 U.S. military personnel, instructing supporters to target and kill the identified individuals.  The FBI said that the release was followed by suspected Russian hackers who masqueraded as members of ISIS and threatened military families through Facebook. ‘We know everything about you, your husband and your children,’ one menacing message said.

“在現實生活中，身份盜竊（主要是犯罪分子的牟利意圖）仍然是影響所有人的流行病，但對於情報和反恐領域的人員來説，敵人也積極參與了泄露個人信息的努力。2015年，伊斯蘭國公佈了1300多名美國軍事人員的姓名、照片和地址，指示支持者以目標為目標，殺死被確認的個人。FBI説，釋放後，俄羅斯黑客嫌疑人偽裝成ISIS成員，並通過Facebook威脅軍人家庭。“我們知道關於你，你的丈夫和你的孩子的一切，“一個威脅性的消息説。

“Counterintelligence and OPSEC officials began a large-scale effort to inform those affected but also to warn military personnel and their families to better protect their personal information on social media. The next year, ISIS released 8,318 target names: the largest-ever release until it was topped by 8,785 names in 2017.。

“反情報和OPSEC官員開始大規模努力通知受影響者，但也警告軍事人員及其家屬更好地保護他們在社交媒體上的個人信息。第二年，ISIS 發佈了 8，318 個目標名稱：這是有史以來發布最多的一次，直到 2017 年達到 8，785 個目標名稱。

“It was revealed that military personnel sharing location information in their fitness devices were apparently revealing the locations of sensitive operations merely by jogging and sharing their data. ‘The rapid development of new and innovative information technologies enhances the quality of our lives but also poses potential challenges to operational security and force protection,’ U.S. Central Command said in a statement at the time to the Washington Post.

據透露，軍事人員在其健身設備中共享位置信息，顯然只是通過慢跑和共享數據來揭示敏感行動的位置。美國中央司令部當時在給《華盛頓郵報》的一份聲明中説，創新信息技術的迅速發展提高了我們的生活質量，但也對作戰安全和部隊保護提出了潛在挑戰。

“Then came the DNA scare, when Adm. John Richardson, then chief of naval operations, warned military personnel and their families to stop using at-home ancestry DNA test kits. ‘Be careful who you send your DNA to,’ Richardson said, warning that scientific advancements would be able to exploit the information, creating more and more targeted biological weapons in the future. And indeed in 2019, the Pentagon officially advised military personnel to steer clear of popular DNA services. ‘Exposing sensitive genetic information to outside parties poses personal and operational risks to Service members,’ said the memo, first reported by Yahoo news.

“然後是DNA恐慌，當時海軍作戰司令約翰·理查森上將警告軍事人員及其家屬停止使用家庭祖先DNA測試包。理查森説，小心你把DNA寄給誰，他警告説，科學進步將能夠利用這些信息，在未來製造出越來越多的有針對性的生物武器。事實上，在2019年，五角大樓正式建議軍事人員避開流行的DNA服務。（我們還有專業機構大規模對外輸出數據）這份備忘錄首先由雅虎新聞報道，這份備忘錄説，向外界泄露敏感的遺傳信息給服務人員帶來個人和運營風險。

“‘We’re still in the infancy of our transparent world,’ says the retired senior officer, cautioning against imagining that there is some ‘identity gap’ similar to the ‘bomber gap’ of the Cold War. ‘We’re winning this war, including on the cyber side, even if secrecy about what we are doing makes the media portrayal of the Russians again look like they are ten feet tall.’

這位退休高級軍官説，“我們仍處於透明世界的萌芽階段，“他告誡説，不要想象存在一些類似於冷戰"轟炸機差距"的"身份差距”。我們正在贏得這場戰爭，包括在網絡方面，即使對我們的所作所為保密，媒體對俄羅斯人的描繪看起來十分高明。”

“He admits that processing big data in the future will likely further impinge on everyone’s clandestine operations, but he says the benefits to society, even narrowly in just making terrorist activity and travel that much more difficult, outweigh the difficulties created for military operational security. The officer calls the secrecy legitimate but says that the Defense Department leadership has dropped the ball in recognizing the big picture. The military services should be asking more questions about the ethics, propriety and even legality of soldiers being turned into spies and assassins, and what this means for the future.

“他承認，未來處理大數據可能會進一步影響每個人的秘密行動，但他表示，對社會的好處，即使只是使恐怖活動和旅行更加困難，也遠遠大於為軍事行動安全造成的困難。這名軍官稱保密是合法的，但表示國防部領導層已經放棄了對大局的承認。軍隊應該問更多的問題，關於士兵變成間諜和刺客的道德，禮節，甚至合法性，以及這對未來意味着什麼。

“Still, the world of signature reduction keeps growing: evidence, says the retired officer, that modern life is not as transparent as most of us think.”

“儘管如此，簽名減少的世界還在不斷增加：這位退休軍官説，有證據表明，現代生活並不像我們大多數人想象的那麼透明。”

以上是報告全文！

他們既有軍人身份，也有平民身份；既在現實中活動，又在網絡中興風作浪；他們的主要目標是中國和俄羅斯……

這支秘密部隊，

不受軍方監督部門審查；

不接受國會聽證；

不受日內瓦國際公約限制；

不受軍事倫理約束和問責！

一句話形容就是：完全無法無天！

有幾點我們是可以明確的：

一是美軍無所不用其極，別把他們想得太好；

二是不少美國公司在密切配合美軍作惡，中國更應該出台涉軍企業禁入令；

三是網絡安全要重視，大數據大有潛力可挖；

四是在輿論戰和網絡能力建設上，需要更多投入，戰爭的本質是對意志的征服，最近已有報告人類活動將50%在線上活動；

五是生物基因領域，種族基因和重要人物基因，核心要害人員基因要開始列入保護範疇。

百年前所未有之大變局，我們的思維方式也需要變！

有話説請點留言板