嶽曉勇：政治解決阿富汗問題的正確之道

【翻譯：中國論壇 祖白地亞 校譯：中國論壇 韓樺】

**嶽曉勇：**感謝印度尼西亞外交政策協會（FPCI）的邀請，使我有機會在此次“全球智庫大會”（GTH）上與各位專家討論“阿富汗的未來及其對地區安全的影響”這一全球熱點話題。印尼主辦這個討論再合適不過：作為人口最多的穆斯林國家，印尼在國家現代化建設和經濟社會發展方面成就非凡，為地區和世界的和平、安全和繁榮做出了卓越貢獻。

中國外交部阿富汗事務特使嶽曉勇。來源：中國外交部

最近三個月，我和我的團隊馬不停蹄走訪了15個國家，會見了阿富汗、東亞南亞中亞、中東、歐洲、聯合國日內瓦總部、俄羅斯和美國等近30個國家和國際組織代表。這些出訪與交流產生了一些我認為非常重要的信息和觀點，在相互尊重基礎上開展理性務實接觸、加強人道援助、推進建設性引導，應該是政治解決阿富汗問題的關鍵，也是實現阿可持續和平、穩定和重建之道。具體分享以下幾點：

第一，國際社會在阿富汗問題上確形成一定共識，並認同中國的主張:阿富汗問題，特別是8月15日發生重大變化後的局勢，以及許多國家應對變局所進行的努力，不是一個地緣政治的問題，也不是所謂“大國角力’的問題。它關係到人類自身共同生存之道和人道關懷，關係到人要有住的有吃的，關係到阿富汗作為一個主權國家能否渡過當前由亂及治的關鍵階段，抓住機會，將阿富汗的命運掌握在其人民自己手中，實現國家重建，並參與到世界各國一道構建人類命運共同體進程中來。

阿富汗總統阿什拉夫·加尼週日逃離阿富汗後，塔利班控制了阿富汗總統府。來源：金融時報

第二，各方強烈同意，應從阿富汗問題中吸取歷史教訓。尊重各國自主選擇發展道路，尊重不同文明包容互鑑，是主權國家之間相處的正道。干涉別國內政，甚至訴諸軍事手段，只會導致衝突、動盪、貧困和人道主義災難。這就是為何在新近舉行的兩次阿富汗周邊國家外長會議、“莫斯科模式”會議、多哈一系列會談和我在日內瓦的對話以及眾多的有關雙邊、多邊或聯合國討論中，大多數與會者指出，過去20年裏一些國家特別是某個大國，在阿富汗長期駐紮大批軍隊，進行全面干預，鑄成大錯；應認真反思並儘快糾正這樣做所犯錯誤，解凍阿富汗的流動資金和海外資產，解除單邊制裁，擔負起最主要責任，防止阿富汗出現人道主義危機，向阿富汗人民提供真正的幫助。

第三，還有越來越明顯的共識是，各方要對阿富汗人民面臨的挑戰和機遇保持公正和平衡的看法。隨着阿臨時政府成立，阿富汗正在努力建立新的政治架構，恢復生產和生活秩序，積極開展對外開交往與合作。阿人民正努力抓住這個機會重建阿富汗。與此同時，阿富汗也面臨四重挑戰：國家政治重建、經濟重振、打擊恐怖和人道危機。由於國家治理能力嚴重薄弱，民生困頓，安全形勢複雜嚴峻，阿富汗需要人民自身的團結努力，也離不開國際社會的大力支持和幫助。

第四，正是中國在8月15日阿變局後的第一時間，最早就國際社會應如何應對變局以及阿富汗如何實現穩定過渡和重建提出期望和主張，如今都已成為國際共識。這包括構建開放包容的政治架構；實行温和穩健的內外政策，包括促進婦女權益保障和教育；堅決打擊恐怖勢力；同世界各國尤其是鄰國和睦相處。

塔利班代理外交部長阿米爾汗穆塔奇和美國首次面對面會談中要求美國解凍阿富汗金融資產。來源：CNBC

第五，各涉阿問題機制加強協調非常重要。中方積極參與阿問題的國際協調，出席一系列多邊和地區會議，推動各方形成共識、加強合作。我們同阿周邊國家一道，成功建立阿富汗鄰國協調合作機制，為阿富汗實現長治久安加強發揮鄰國獨特作用，得到國際社會高度重視和積極響應。

根據阿富汗人民需要，中方向阿富汗提供價值2億元人民幣的緊急人道主義援助，有關物資正陸續運抵。令人振奮的是，近期中阿密切合作，建立了阿富汗松子出口“空中走廊”，首批45噸松子在中國銷售一空，惠及阿富汗成千上萬的普通家庭和婦女。中方還通過提供疫苗和醫療防護物資幫助阿富汗早日控制新冠疫情。中方將繼續在力所能及範圍內，支持阿富汗經濟社會發展，擴大經貿合作。

“空中走廊”貨機在喀布爾機場舉行儀式。來源：時代週刊

第六，支持阿富汗實現長治久安，防範安全問題外溢，幫助阿富汗走上良政善治之路，對地區和世界各國都有利。各國各方應支持與阿富汗臨時政府理性務實的接觸和對話，增強互信，進行積極引導，鼓勵阿富汗積極回應國際社會的共同關切。為此我們要加強阿富汗問題各種機制的相互促進和協同，幫助阿富汗實現經濟重建，防止出現難民潮和人道主義災難。國際社會應加強反恐合作，支持阿富汗新臨時政府打擊“伊斯蘭國”、“東伊運”和所有恐怖組織，建立反恐統一戰線，摒棄雙重標準和選擇性反恐，確保阿富汗不再淪為恐怖主義滋生地、庇護所和擴散源。

正如中國國務委員兼外交部長王毅反覆指出的那樣，中國一直是阿富汗的友好鄰邦。我們始終尊重阿富汗的主權獨立和領土完整，支持阿富汗人民自主決定國家命運和選擇的發展道路，從不干涉阿富汗內政，堅定奉行面向阿富汗全體人民的友好政策，為政治解決阿富汗問題發揮建設性作用。中國今後會一如既往，繼續這樣做，與各國一道，為阿富汗早日實現和平、穩定與發展而努力，發揮應有的建設性作用。

王毅談中國對阿富汗政策。來源：中國外交部

Engagement, Assistance and Constructive Guidance with Mutual Respect

----Video-Speech at The Panel Discussion on “The Future of Afghanistan and Its Impact on Regional Security”[ The title is added later with some editing when publishing.]

By Dr. Yue Xiaoyong, Sp. Envoy for Afghanistan, MFA of China;

Online from Wuhan; November 20, 2021, Jakarta

I would like to thank Global Town Hall, FPCI of Indonesia for inviting me to speak here with such distinguished personalities in the profession, and discuss “The Future of Afghanistan and Its Impact on Regional Security”, a world-wide focused topic now. Indonesia is a most appropriate country to hold this timely discussion. As the biggest Muslim country in population, it has been very successful in its national modernization and economic-social development achievements with remarkable contribution for regional and global peace, security and prosperity.    

I have travelled with my team non-stop over recent three months to 15 countries. We met with many people in charge from nearly thirty countries or international organizations including Afghanistan, East-South-Central Asia, Middle East, Europe, UN representative and its Geneva headquarters, Russia and United States. Those trips and meetings have led to some very important messages, rational and pragmatic engagement with timely assistance and constructive guidance is the key for political settlement of Afghanistan issue and for the country to achieve sustainable peace, stability and reconstruction. Let me elaborate:

1, International community do have consensus about Afghan issue, and agree with what China has been advocating: this issue, especially the situation after significant change of August 15, and the efforts many countries have been making, is not something about geopolitics, nor that of big powers wrestling. It is about humanity and humanitarian care, about shelter and food, about whether Afghanistan as a sovereign nation can tide over crucial transition from turbulence to order and grasp opportunity to have the fate of Afghanistan into its people’s own hands for national reconstruction and for joining us all in building up a shared future for human community.

2, There is a strong consensus that a historic lesson shall be drawn from Afghanistan issue: the only right way for relationship between sovereign countries is to respect a nation’s own choice of their development path and respect different civilizations through mutual inclusiveness and mutual learning. Intervention into a nation’s internal affairs with even military means can only lead to conflicts, instability, poverty and humanitarian disasters.

That is why in two newly-set Afghanistan neighboring countries FM meetings, Moscow Format gathering, Doha and Geneva dialogues and dozens of multilateral, bilateral or regional discussions, most participants stressed that some countries especially some big power after staying in Afghanistan over the past 20 years with massive troops, should as soon as possible redress its mistakes, defreezing Afghan liquidity and overseas assets, lifting unilateral sanctions and shoulder primary responsibility to prevent Afghanistan from humanitarian crisis so as to offer real help to Afghan people.

3, It is an enhanced common standing that a fair and balanced view is needed regarding challenges and opportunities Afghan people face. With its interim government emerged, the country is making efforts to build its new political structure, restoring living and working order, opening external relations and cooperation. People there are being trying to seize that opportunity to reconstruct Afghanistan. Challenges meanwhile are daunting in at least 4 folds, political restructuring, economic reconstruction, countering-terrorism, humanitarian suffering. With weak governess ability, livelihood hardship and complicated security situation, Afghanistan needs more humanitarian assistance, constructive guidance and support to survive and fulfil their dream.

4, It is China that has been initiating since earliest stage after August 15 change as to what are expected from Afghanistan in transition. Those positions have now become international consensus, including to set up an open and inclusive political structure; to implement moderate and prudent internal and external policies with rights for women and education; to make a clear break away from terrorist groups with resolute strikes; to pursue friendly relations with all countries especially good-neighborliness.

5, Enhancing multilateral coordination matters. China has been keen on participating in international coordination in multilateral and regional platforms, help to forge common ground and cooperation from all sides. We have worked with partners and succeeded in setting up Afghanistan neighboring countries cooperation mechanism. This platform is offering neighboring countries’ unique role for Afghanistan striving for long-term and sustainable peace and security and has won great international attention and positive response.

Based on what Afghan people need, China announced RMB 200 million worth of emergency humanitarian assistance. Delivery has been reaching Afghan people. It is strikingly encouraging that an Afghan pine nuts export air corridor is built up recently with 45 tons of first batch of goods sold out in China, benefiting thousands of Afghanistan working families and women. We are also helping Afghans to combat Covid-19 by providing vaccines, medical supplies and protective gears. China will try its best to continue supporting Afghan economic and social development and expand trade and business cooperation.

6, It is conducive to all in the region and world to help Afghanistan to bring about long-term stability, prevent spillover of its security problems and help it step onto good governess and political structure. All sides should support rational and pragmatic engagement and dialogue with Afghan interim government, enhance mutual confidence, exercise positive guidance and encourage Afghanistan to positively respond to international common concern. International community should strengthen counter-terrorism cooperation by supporting Afghan new interim government in its fighting of ISIL, ETIM and all terrorist organizations, forge a united front against terror and cast away double standards or selective approach to ensure that Afghanistan no longer becomes safe haven or concentrating places of terrorism groups. We need to increase mutual reinforcement and build synergy between various mechanisms on Afghanistan to assist the country for reconstruction, prevent refugee exodus and humanitarian nightmare.  

As our State Councilor and Foreign Minister Wang Yi has emphasized in many occasions that China has all along been a friendly neighboring country with Afghanistan. We have always respected its sovereignty, independence and territorial integrity, supported its people to decide by their own its nation’s aspiration and development path, never intervened its domestic affairs, firmly carry out friendship policy with all Afghan people and played a constructive role in political settlement of Afghan issue. China will certainly continue to do so in future，ready to keep on working with all countries for an earlier realization of peace, stability and development in Afghanistan and play our constructive role.  (***)

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