虎鯨的大腦比我們的更復雜，這説明虎鯨比我們聰明嗎_風聞

【來源龍騰網】

正文原創翻譯：

Orcas’ brains are more complex than ours. Are orcas smarter than us, or do they not get as much blood flow to their brains as we do?

虎鯨的大腦比我們的更復雜，這説明虎鯨比我們聰明嗎，還是它們的大腦血液流量不如我們?

評論翻譯

Amyas Cavit

Excellent question!

Brain complexity and intelligence are closely correlated. In simple terms, the more folds and convolutions a brain has, the more intelligent the possessor of that brain is. Orca brains are densely folded and convoluted, much more so than human brains. Some sections of their brain are much larger than the corresponding areas of our brains, notably the regions associated with emotions and social intelligence. Their brains also have some features that ours lack entirely, such as the region associated with processing sensory data from their echolocation.

One rough measure of relative intelligence is to compare brain-to-body-mass ratios. In humans this ratio is 1:40, about seven times larger (relatively) than the average mammalian brain. Orca brains, at a ratio of around 1:100, are about 2.5 times larger than the average mammalian brain, which is comparable to great apes like chimpanzees, but also to house cats. So using this measure we would say that humans are “more intelligent” than orcas.

Below: An orca brain compared to a human brain.

好問題！

大腦的複雜性和智力密切相關。簡單地説，一個大腦的褶皺越多，這個大腦就越聰明。虎鯨的大腦密集地摺疊和彎曲，比人類的大腦更復雜。他們大腦的某些部分比我們大腦的相應區域大得多，尤其是與情緒和社會智力相關的區域。它們的大腦也有一些我們完全沒有的特徵，比如與處理來自回聲定位的感官數據相關的區域。

相對智力的一個粗略衡量方法是比較大腦與身體質量（體重）的比率。人類的這一比例是1:40，大約是哺乳動物平均大腦的7倍(相對而言)。虎鯨的大腦比例約為1:100，是哺乳動物平均大腦的2.5倍，這可以與黑猩猩等類人猿媲美，也可以與家貓媲美。所以用這種方法我們可以説人類比虎鯨“更聰明”。

下圖:虎鯨大腦與人類大腦的對比。

But it’s not that simple. Intelligence is a tricky thing to quantify. An ant’s brain-to-body-mass ratio is about 1:7, and no one believes that ants are more intelligent than humans. If you play chess with a squirrel (ratio 1:150) you are probably going to win. But if you had to keep track of hundreds of nut caches in your head, how well would you do? What about things like memory? Problem solving? Language? These things are all difficult to measure, and any comparison between animal brains and human brains must necessarily fall victim to the apples-and-oranges fallacy.

Confused yet?

Perhaps the best way to think of it is that orcas have different intelligence than humans. Their social intelligence seems to be far more advanced, but on the other hand orcas have never developed algebra or string theory. Orcas are self-aware, intelligent creatures with brains that are distinct from human brains in many respects. And while humans may be more “intelligent” based on measures that we ourselves created, it is worth noting that orcas can learn our language, but so far we have been unable to learn theirs. Food for thought.

Seafood, in this case.

但事情沒那麼簡單。智力是一個很難量化的東西。一隻螞蟻的大腦與身體質量之比約為1:7，但沒有人相信螞蟻比人類更聰明。如果你和一隻松鼠下棋(比例為1:150)，你很可能會贏。但如果你必須在頭腦中記錄數百個堅果儲藏地，你會做得多好?記憶?問題如何解決？語言？所有這些都很難去測量，任何對動物大腦和人類大腦的比較必然會成為蘋果和橘子謬論的犧牲品。

還是感到疑惑嗎？

也許最好的解釋就是虎鯨的智力與人類不同。它們的社交智力似乎要高得多，但另一方面，虎鯨從未發展出代數或弦理論。虎鯨是有自我意識的智慧生物，它們的大腦在很多方面都與人類的大腦不同。雖然根據我們自己創造的衡量標準，人類可能更“聰明”。值得注意的是，虎鯨可以學習我們的語言，但到目前為止，我們還無法學習它們的語言。

Pablo Emanuel

“For instance, on the planet Earth, man had always assumed that he was more intelligent than dolphins because he had achieved so much—the wheel, New York, wars and so on—whilst all the dolphins had ever done was muck about in the water having a good time. But conversely, the dolphins had always believed that they were far more intelligent than man—for precisely the same reasons.”

“例如，在地球上，人類總是認為自己比海豚更聰明，因為他已經取得了如此多的成就——輪子、紐約、戰爭等等——而海豚們所做的只是在水裏玩得很開心。但與此相反，海豚一直認為它們比人類聰明得多——原因完全相同。”

Sergio Diniz

Good answer. And the fact cetaceans brain have also to process their echolocation, which should require a considerable space.

好答案。事實上，鯨類動物的大腦必須處理回聲定位，這需要相當大的腦容量。

原創翻譯：龍騰網 http://www.ltaaa.cn 轉載請註明出處

Whitla Lindsay

Your point is that dolphins are not actually smart the brain is only big for echo location etc?

你的意思是海豚實際上並不聰明，它們的大腦只是用於回聲定位之類的?

Sergio Diniz

No, my point is their are not “smarter” than us, que cannot use only brain size as an absolute value.

不，我的觀點是他們並不比我們“聰明”，不能只用大腦的絕對值來衡量。

Relebohile Nkosi

We should stop trying to determine the intelligence of a Chimpanzee by its IQ Test score because those things were designed for a human brain. For example, we may have the best engineers from the human species but I bet none of them can build a tunnel like ants could or a dam like beavers could. Even some of our “super technological advancements” were taken from the physiological aspects of animals, such as the way a car’s auto-parking feature is copying a bat’s echolocation abilities.

Thank you for this answer.

我們應該停止試圖通過IQ測試分數來判斷黑猩猩的智力，因為這些東西是為人類大腦設計的。例如,我們或許擁有人類最優秀的工程師，但我敢打賭，他們中沒有人能像螞蟻那樣建造隧道，或像海狸那樣建造大壩。

甚至我們的一些“超級技術進步”也借鑑自動物的生理特徵，比如汽車的自動停車功能是如何模仿蝙蝠的回聲定位能力的。

不過還是謝謝樓主的這篇答案。

Amyas Cavit

IQ tests aren’t even that accurate for testing human intelligence. Like many such metrics, it is far more useful when talking about large groups than individuals.

智商測試在測試人類智力方面同樣沒有那麼準確。像許多這樣的指標一樣，當談論大的羣體時，它比個人更有用。

Per

Yes, everything about metrics like that is about statistical analysis. But that also means that IQ is more likely to predict than not, because the statistics say so. Examples of low-IQ individuals doing very well are abundant, and maybe vice versa. If I were to take my IQ score as a measure, I would expect myself to be economically independent, but I’m just an individual with other issues, so I work a job (albeit a fairly good one) to the best of my ability.

是的，這些指標的一切都是關於統計分析。

但這也意味着智商更有可能預測，因為統計數據是這樣説的。低智商的人做得很好的例子比比皆是，反之亦然。

如果我用我的智商分數來衡量，我希望自己經濟獨立，但我只是一個有其他問題的人，所以我盡我所能地工作(儘管是一份相當好的工作)。

Per

I’ve met people who are smart in an “immediate, matter-of-factly of course obvious” way, who do really smart things in situations reactively, without thinking. I think it’s a different kind of smart than the ones who first review the facts and then come to a conclusion.

我遇到過一些聰明的人，他們以一種“直接的，顯而易見的”的方式行事，他們在一些情況下會做出非常聰明的事情，不需要思考。

我認為這是一種不同於那些首先回顧事實然後得出結論的人的聰明。

Amyas Cavit

Sometimes that is described as wisdom vs. intelligence. But yes there are absolutely different types of intelligence. I think we’ve all known someone who was super smart academically but had no common sense whatsoever!

這就是智慧的類型的區別。

確實存在不同類型的智力。我想我們都認識一些人，他們在學術上非常聰明，但卻沒有任何常識！

Relebohile Nkosi

Now this is interesting. If we can accept that there are different kinds of “smart” amongst people, why can’t we accept that other types of animals are smart in their own way?

這很有趣。如果我們能接受人類中有不同種類的“聰明”，為什麼我們不能接受其他種類的動物有它們自己的聰明方式呢?

Mateus B.

Humans are terrible, or incapable, of measuring the intelligence of other animals.

What we actually measure is their abilities to think like us is certain situations.

and we should be amazed when They do it, because it essentially says “look, I can do a bunch of stuff you can’t, think in a way you can’t even understand AND we do a bunch of things that you consider to be hard as well”

人類是可怕的，或者説沒有能力去衡量其他動物的智力。我們真正衡量的是他們在特定情況下像我們一樣思考的能力。

當它們這樣做的時候，我們應該感到驚訝，因為它本質上是在説，看，我可以做很多你做不到的事情，以你甚至無法理解的方式思考，我們也可以做一些你認為很難的事情。