湯姆·福迪：什麼是新“黃禍論”？看看英美情報頭子演講

【文/湯姆·福迪 譯/觀察者網 寧櫟】

最近，在泰晤士河畔的英國軍情五處倫敦總部舉行的一次演講中，美國聯邦調查局局長克里斯托弗·雷會見了英國同行肯·麥卡勒姆，他們在演講中共同介紹了他們所稱的來自中國前所未有的經濟威脅。 這次演講風格和蓬佩奧很類似，全面指控中國“偷竊”，“欺騙”和從事“工業間諜”活動，聲稱中國的目標是主宰世界，控制每一種產業的全產業鏈並操縱市場份額。雖然約翰遜政府就要倒台，這次演講還是得到了英國媒體的積極渲染。

這篇講話只不過是美國對中國最惡劣的種族偏見、文化偏見和麥卡錫主義等要素的集合。這些要素已經毒害了有關中國的討論，比如在聯邦調查局臭名昭著的“中國倡議”下掀起的種族仇恨浪潮和對合法中國學者和科學家的無辜迫害，雖然媒體報道時略去了該計劃。儘管所有説法都是虛假或極度誇張的，但其後果無疑會毒化中國和西方機構之間研究、交流、合作和商業的合法關係。

克里斯托弗·雷和肯·麥卡勒姆在倫敦同台演講（來源：PA Wire）

自特朗普時代以來，美國長期利用針對中國人的種族印象和偏見，同時再套上一層反共主義的欺騙性外衣，來推銷在技術領域的地緣政治遏制行動。然而，人們可以發現，這樣的偏見，特別是認為中國人天生不誠實，“欺騙”和“偷竊”的觀念，早在中共領導中國之前就存在了。

一幅19世紀澳大利亞臭名昭著的種族主義漫畫，被稱為“蒙古章魚”，曾發表在悉尼一家報紙上。作為一個歷史基準，這幅漫畫能展示當代有多少對中共的攻擊是從種族主義話語演變而來的。這幅漫畫將中國人描繪成不誠實的，是騙子、小偷，貶低為“廉價勞動力”，並將疾病歸咎於種族傳統。在這方面，至今幾乎沒有什麼變化。

在此基礎上，將中國人描述為全球威脅還能系統化和理論化，這就是“黃禍論”，它將中國及其人民框定為破壞“文明”和西方世界價值觀的威脅。同樣，在現代，這樣的話語已經從明確的種族主義演變為反共思潮來自我掩蓋，但所有意圖和目的是一樣的。這兩位所導演的講話作為整體缺乏事實，但極端煽動、泛化、歇斯底里，激起人們的偏執。如果一個人不瞭解這一背景，他可能會認為與中國的任何合法互動都是不可能的，同時它渲染這樣一種印象，即每一箇中國人都在以各種手段從事顛覆和非法行動。

最糟糕的是，這種仇恨言論故意貶低和否定中國在過去50年取得的成就，並描繪了一種虛假的敍事，即中國經濟崛起是以零和博弈裏西方承受損失為代價的（儘管事實上，中國每年發表的科學論文和專利比世界上任何其他國家都多）。這個説法源於特朗普政府。它推動了這樣一種假設：中國無法創新，中國對外出口增長僅僅是偷竊或“搶走西方工作”的產物，在西方的每一箇中國人都是代理人或間諜，所有這些人都是一場由惡意推動的協同陰謀的一部分，當然，西方國家本身在與中國接觸中從未獲得任何真正的好處。

最重要的是，這次演講充滿了謊言，令人厭惡。它是煽動性的，讓人不可接受，缺乏事實。無論是聯邦調查局還是軍情五處，這兩個機構都不以誠信行事而聞名，更不用説代表普通民眾的利益和關切了。這篇演講最終將成為西方與中國關係的一個低點，併成為一個示範性例子，説明“西方深層國家”是如何故意製造仇恨和恐懼的有毒氣氛，操縱公眾輿論反對中國的。

（本文是作者賜稿，英文原文見下頁。）

FBI-MI5 ‘Presentation’ Represents Extreme McCarthyism and Yellow Peril

By Tom Fowdy

In a speech hosted at MI5’s London Headquarters on the bank of the River Thames, director of the US FBI Christopher Wray met with his UK counterpart, Ken McCallum, where they proceeded to give a joint presentation on what they claimed heralded an unprecedented economic threat from China. In a style not too distinct from the likes of Mike Pompeo, Wray proceeded to make sweeping allegations that China “steals”, “Cheats” and engages in “industrial espionage”- claiming the country was on a mission to dominate the world by obtaining the ins and outs of every industry and then claiming their market share. The event was given uncritical and favourable coverage by the British press, even if overshadowed by the ongoing collapse of the Boris Johnson government.

This speech was nothing more than the accumulation of the worst racial, cultural and McCarthyist prejudices against China originating in the United States which has poisoned discourse concerning the country, as well as having accumulated in a tidal wave of racial hatred and the innocent persecution of legitimate Chinese scholars and scientists under the FBI’s notorious “China Initiative”- of which was also conveniently omitted from coverage of this “presentation”. Whilst everything said is either false or extremely exaggerated, its consequences will undoubtedly poison legitimate avenues of research, exchange, collaboration and business between Chinese and Western institutions.

Since the Trump era, the United States has longstanding utilized racial caricatures and prejudices against Chinese people in order to market support for geopolitical containment on the front of technology, masking it with the acceptable façade of anti-Communism. However, one can find that such prejudices, in particular the notion that Chinese people are inherently dishonest, “cheat” and “steal”, existed long before Communist rule in China. An infamous racist cartoon from 19th century Australia known as the “Mongolian Octopus”, published in a Sydney Newspaper, stands as a historical benchmark on how many contemporary attacks levelled at the “Communist Party” have evolved from racist discourse, the cartoon also depicting Chinese people as dishonest, cheats, thieves, deriding “cheap labour” and also attributing racial scapegoating for diseases. In this respect, little has changed.

Building upon this, the depiction of such activities by Chinese people as a global threat is known as a wider body of discourse referred to as the “Yellow Peril”, which frames China and its people as undermining “civilization” and the values of the western world. Again, in the modern era such discourse has evolved from explicit racism to masking itself around the banner of Communism, yet for all intents and purposes it is the same. The address by both directors as a whole was short on facts, but extremely fear on high, generalization, hysteria and the invocation of paranoia. If one listened to it without knowing this context, one might assume that no legitimate forms of interaction with China could feasibly exist, and it leans on the impression that every single Chinese person is pursuing subversive and illicit action in some shape or form.

What is worst of all, is this hate speech intentionally degrades and dismisses China’s achievements over the past 50 years and paints a falsified narrative that China’s economic rise has been at the zero-sum expense of the west (despite the fact that China authors more scientific papers annually, and publishes more patents annually than any other country in the world), a line originating with the Trump administration. It pushes the assumption that China cannot innovate, that China’s own trade successes are merely the product of theft or “taking western jobs”, that every Chinese person in the west is an agent or spy all acting as part of a coordinated conspiracy fuelled by ill intent, and that of course western countries themselves have never had any true benefits in engagement with China.

Above all, this joint address was filled to the brim with falsehoods, was hateful, inflammatory, unacceptable and thin on facts. Neither of these institutions, the FBI or MI5, are known for acting in good faith, let alone representing the interests and concerns of ordinary people. This speech will ultimately go down as a low point in the west’s relations with China and send as a demonstrative example as to how “western deep states” are deliberately cultivating an poisonous atmosphere of hate and fear in manipulating public opinion against China.

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