百萬富翁外流，英國“失去魅力”_風聞

【來源龍騰網】

正文原創翻譯：

Exodus of millionaires as Britain ‘loses its shine’

-The ultra-wealthy are deserting the UK, piling extra pressure on public finances

百萬富翁外流，英國“失去魅力”

——超級富豪正在離開英國，給公共財政帶來了額外壓力

新聞：

Britain was once a world leader in attracting the super-rich to its shores. Millionaire entrepreneurs and wealthy families flocked to the UK, buoyed by generous tax breaks, a simple visa system and strong economic prospects.

英國曾經在吸引超級富豪移民方面處於世界領先地位。那時在慷慨的税收減免、簡單的簽證制度和強勁的經濟前景的推動下，百萬富翁企業家和富裕家庭紛紛湧入英國。

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But a series of punishing tax changes, political uncertainty and more difficult migration rules have caused the ultra-wealthy to shun Britain – and take their money elsewhere.

但一系列懲罰性的税收變化、政治不確定性和更嚴格的移民規定，導致超級富豪們避開英國，把他們的錢轉移到其他地方。

Experts warned this had reduced the nation’s tax intake and resulted in higher taxes on ordinary households to fill the gap.

專家警告説，這減少了國家的税收收入，導致普通家庭的税收增加，以填補這一缺口。

More millionaires are emigrating from the UK than arriving, according to analysis by migration consultancy Henley & Partners. The country has suffered a net outflow of 12,000 wealthy individuals – those with assets and cash of more than $1m (£830,000) – since 2017, with some 1,500 rich individuals leaving in 2022.

移民諮詢公司Henley & Partners的分析顯示，從英國遷出的百萬富翁多於遷入的百萬富翁。自2017年以來，英國有1.2萬名富人（資產和現金超過100萬美元（83萬英鎊））淨流出，其中約1500名富人在2022年離開。

Experts said stealth tax raids and increasing scrutiny of foreign nationals were to blame for Britain “losing its shine” among the super-wealthy.

專家表示，英國在超級富豪中“失去光彩”的原因是秘密的税收突襲和對外國人越來越嚴格的審查。

The number of people claiming “non-dom” tax status, which exempts British residents with their permanent home abroad from paying UK tax on their foreign income or capital gains, has also fallen sharply.

申請“非本地”税收身份的人數也大幅下降。“非本地”税收身份使擁有海外永久居所的英國居民不必為其海外收入或資本利得繳納英國税。

New claims for the tax break fell from 14,200 to 8,500 in the 2020-21 tax year, according to a Freedom of Information request submitted to HM Revenue & Customs by law firm Pinsent Masons. It marked a further decline from the 15,400 new claims made in 2018-19.

根據品誠梅森律師事務所提交給英國税務海關總署的一份《信息自由法》申請，2020-21納税年度，新申請減税的人數從1.42萬降至8500人。這標誌着2018-19年度新增聲索人數為15400人，進一步下降。

Recent reforms have watered down the tax benefits of non-dom status and made it less appealing, especially when compared to more generous schemes found in other countries.

最近的改革削弱了非本地居民身份的税收優惠，使其吸引力下降，尤其是與其他國家更慷慨的計劃相比。

Experts said the repeated introduction of new tougher rules had scared many people away.

專家表示，不斷出台的更嚴格的新規定嚇跑了許多人。

Since 2008, claimants in the UK have had to pay a £30,000 annual charge if they have been a resident for seven of the previous nine tax years. This rises to £60,000 after being resident for 12 of the past 14 tax years.

自2008年以來，如果申請人在過去9個納税年度中有7個是英國居民身份，那麼他們每年必須支付3萬英鎊的費用。如果在過去14個納税年度中有12個，這個數字將上升到6萬英鎊。

Another rule change followed in 2017, meaning someone who has lived in the UK for at least 15 of the past 20 years automatically becomes domiciled in the UK and is taxed on their worldwide wealth like the rest of the population.

2017年又發生了另一項規則變化，這意味着過去20年裏在英國居住至少15年的人自動成為英國居民，並像其他人口一樣對其全球財富徵税。

Steven Porter, of law firm Pinsent Masons, said: “Quite a number of non-doms have left the UK because of the 15 year rule and we expect this to continue for a number of years.

品誠梅森律師事務所的史蒂文·波特表示：“由於15年的規定，相當多的非定居居民離開了英國，我們預計這種情況將持續數年。”

“It’s just not as favourable for individuals to stay here any more. The UK has lost its lustre.”

“對個人來説，留在這裏不再那麼有利了。英國已經失去了往日的光彩。”

Nimesh Shah, of the tax specialist Blick Rothenberg, said: “The UK’s non-dom regime used to be the envy of the world. But in recent years the general shine has come off and it has fallen behind other countries, who have been competing hard to attract wealthy talent.”

Blick Rothenberg税務專家尼梅什·沙阿表示：“英國的非本地居民制度曾經令全世界羨慕。但近年來，它的整體光芒已經褪去，已經落後於其他國家，後者一直在努力吸引富有的人才。”

Wealthy entrepreneurs and investors have also been spooked by Labour promises to abolish non-dom status entirely should it win the next election, experts said.

專家表示，富有的企業家和投資者也被工黨的承諾嚇壞了，該黨承諾如果贏得下次大選，將完全廢除非本地居民身份制度。

Other countries are competing to snap up wealthy and talented individuals who feel neglected by Britain.

其他國家也在競相搶奪那些感到被英國忽視的富有和有才華的人才。

Andrew Amoils of New World Wealth, an analyst, said: “The UK used to be very smart about encouraging people to move there. That has certainly changed and we have definitely seen a drop in the number of very wealthy individuals moving to the country since 2017.

新世界財富分析師安德魯·阿莫伊斯表示：“英國過去在鼓勵人們移居方面非常明智。自2017年以來，這種情況已經發生了變化，我們確實看到移居該國的非常富有的人數量有所下降。

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“The English language has always kept the UK on the map when it comes to attracting foreign wealth, but there are other English speaking countries, like Australia, now competing hard for that talent.”

“在吸引外國財富方面，英語一直讓英國在地圖上保持着地位，但現在還有其他講英語的國家，比如澳大利亞，正在努力爭奪這些人才。”

The British inheritance tax system was an ongoing deterrent for foreign nationals, added Mr Amoils. He said: “The UK has quite a low inheritance tax threshold and high rate of tax when compared with other countries, with the exception of maybe France and Japan.

阿莫伊斯補充説，英國的遺產税制度一直是對外國人的一種威懾。他説：“與法國和日本以外的其他國家相比，英國的遺產税起徵點很低，税率卻很高。

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“There are first world countries that don’t have inheritance tax, like Australia, or have high thresholds – like the US where only estates over $12m are liable.”

“有些第一世界國家沒有遺產税，比如澳大利亞，或者門檻很高——比如美國，只有1200萬美元以上的遺產才需要繳納遺產税。”

Mr Amoils said other countries were now leading the global race to attract wealthy foreign nationals with generous tax schemes. Last year Greece gained 1,200 millionaires, Portugal attracted 1,300 and Switzerland gained 2,200.

阿莫伊斯表示，在以慷慨的税收計劃吸引富有的外國公民方面，其他國家目前在全球競爭中處於領先地位。去年，希臘新增1200名百萬富翁，葡萄牙新增1300名，瑞士新增2200名。

The exodus of rich individuals from the UK and its failure to compete for wealthy talent on the world stage threatens to have dire consequences for the British economy.

英國富人的大量外流，以及英國未能在世界舞台上爭奪富有人才，可能會給英國經濟帶來可怕的後果。

Experts have warned business leaders and investors relocating elsewhere because of Britain’s restrictive tax regime would have a “significant long-term impact” on the economy.

專家警告稱，由於英國限制性税收制度而遷移到其他地方的商業領袖和投資者將對經濟產生“重大的長期影響”。

Mr Porter said: “When people are this wealthy they can afford to be picky about where they chose to live and invest their money. They can shop around and tax benefits are on the top of their list.”

波特説：“當人們如此富有時，他們有能力對他們選擇的居住地和投資進行挑剔。他們可以貨比三家，而税收優惠是他們的首選。”

The number of non-doms in the UK has almost halved since 2015, dropping from 123,000 to 68,300 in 2021, according to HMRC data.

英國税務海關總署的數據顯示，自2015年以來，英國的非本地居民數量幾乎減少了一半，從12.3萬人降至2021年的6.83萬人。

The Government has insisted that despite a fall in new non-doms registering in the UK in 2020-21, which it partly attributed to reduced travel amid the pandemic, its tax income from these individuals remained largely in line with previous years.

政府堅稱，儘管2020-21年度英國新登記的非定居居民人數有所下降（部分原因是疫情期間出行減少），但來自這些人的税收收入基本與前幾年持平。

HMRC estimated it collected £5.6bn in income tax from non-doms in 2021 – broadly in line with 2020 and 2019. However this is £1.3bn less than in 2017 when the 15-year rule was introduced.

英國税務海關總署估計，它在2021年從非定居居民那裏徵收了56億英鎊的所得税，與2020年和2019年基本持平。然而，這比2017年推出15年期規定時少了13億英鎊。

National Insurance contributions made by non-doms have fallen from £2.3bn to £1.9bn in the same period and capital gains tax paid by non-doms dropped from £402m to £336m, adding to the black hole in Britain’s public finances.

同期，非定居居民繳納的國民保險繳款從23億英鎊降至19億英鎊，而非定居居民繳納的資本利得税從4.02億英鎊降至3.36億英鎊，這加劇了英國公共財政的黑洞。

But the economic impact of fewer wealthy individuals in the UK goes beyond lost taxes. Mr Shah said: “A lot of the non-doms I deal with are coming to the UK to set up successful businesses and are adding to the economy that way.”

但英國富人減少對經濟的影響，不僅限於税收損失。沙阿表示：“我接觸過的許多非本地居民都是來英國成功創業的，並以此為英國經濟做出了貢獻。”

Mr Porter added: “With them not only goes cash to invest and UK taxes, but also talent and entrepreneurship which would otherwise have contributed to the economy.”

波特補充説：“隨着他們一起離開的不僅是用於投資的現金和英國的税收，還有本可以為經濟做出貢獻的人才和創業精神。”