紐約老鼠肥胖率激增，“地下鼠人”或將佔領紐約_風聞

【來源龍騰網】

正文原創翻譯：

Since they became prent in NYC, they have posed an increasing threat to New Yorkers, growing larger and more aggressive. They have, in some cases, grown to over two lbs and 20 inches long.

自從它們在紐約流行以來，它們對紐約人的威脅越來越大，變得越來越大，越來越有攻擊性。在某些情況下，它們已經長到超過2磅和20英寸長。

However, the differences between other brown rats and NYC rats are not just on the surface. It turns out that NYC rats have fundamentally begun to evolve differently than their counterparts.

然而，其他棕色大鼠和紐約大鼠之間的差異不僅僅是表面上的。事實證明，紐約老鼠已經從根本上開始進化，與它們的同類不同。

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As The Guardian puts it, “Then the researchers compared the genomes of the city’s rodents with those of nine brown rats from Heilongjiang province in north-east China, the original home of Rattus norvegicus. Their findings – posted last week on online site bioRxiv – included a list of several dozen rat genes that showed major changes in DNA over the centuries as the species spread from Asia to Europe and on to America, and from the countryside into cities. These altered genes include those associated with diet, behaviour and movement, and reflect the ever-present need for rats to adapt to the challenges of living with humans in a city. The pressures include increased danger from disease and changes in diets, said the scientists, among them Pleuni Pennings of San Francisco State University and Jason Munshi-South of Fordham University.”

正如《衞報》所説，“然後，研究人員將該市齧齒動物的基因組與來自中國東北黑龍江省的九隻棕色老鼠的基因組進行了比較，黑龍江省是褐家鼠的原始家園。他們的研究結果上週發表在bioRxiv網站上，其中包括幾十種老鼠基因的列表，這些基因顯示了幾個世紀以來，隨着老鼠從亞洲傳播到歐洲，再到美洲，從農村傳播到城市，DNA發生了重大變化。這些改變的基因包括那些與飲食、行為和運動有關的基因，反映了老鼠在城市中與人類生活在一起的挑戰。包括舊金山州立大學的Pleuni Pennings和福特漢姆大學的Jason Munshi-South在內的科學家説，這些壓力包括來自疾病的危險增加和飲食的變化。

Turns out a different lifestyle among rats might be able to reflect in DNA change over time (originally put decades, which was my mistake in translating the literature).

事實證明，隨着時間的推移，老鼠不同的生活方式可能會反映在DNA的變化中(最初是幾十年，這是我在翻譯文獻時的錯誤)。

評論翻譯

Eric Platt

Eventually we will end up with the ROUSs of New York City. Then we will need to pay adventurers to cull them.

最終我們將看到紐約市被體型異常的齧齒動物佔領。然後我們就需要付錢給冒險家去捕殺它們。

Nyx Shadowhawk to Eric Platt

I don’t think they exist.

我認為它們不存在。

Anthony Tang to Nyx Shadowhawk

That’s what they want you to think.

這就是他們希望你思考的。

August West to Eric Platt

Terriers will step too and save us all!

梗類犬（一種小型犬類）會來拯救我們!

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Naoman Saeed

“This is heresy. There are no gigantic bipedal ratmen dwelling underneath the old city”

這是異端邪説。老城下面沒有巨大的雙足老鼠居住。”

Riley Rosell to Naoman Saeed

Apparently, Red Slider turtles can live in New York, live in Sewers, can live to be more than 20 years old, and can eat pizza

and about 15 years after the Three Mile island incident, iirc, there was a marked drop in violent crime in New York

hmmmmmm

顯然，紅腹彩龜(北美淡水龜)可以住在紐約，可以住在下水道，可以活到20歲以上，還可以吃披薩

大約在三哩島核泄露事故15年後，紐約的暴力犯罪有了明顯的下降

嗯……

Xabel Ron

Makes sense. People back off at an aggressive rat. The strategy pays off

很有意義。人們在遇到有攻擊性的老鼠時退縮。這個策略是有回報的

Jimmie Hicks to Xabel Ron

Yeah but then the regular people just call in exterminators, the professionals who will kill a lot more of them than just one person or family could’ve killed.

是啊，但普通人會叫來滅鼠人，這些專業人士會殺死比一個人或一個家庭殺死的多得多的老鼠。

Xabel Ron to Jimmie Hicks

I’ve been thinking over this issue. In an environment with an overabundance of food, animals do tend to grow larger, don’t they? That’s why salmon and deer are reported to grow smaller in the last decades.

我一直在思考這個問題。在食物過剩的環境中，動物確實會變得更大，不是嗎？這就是為什麼三文魚和鹿在過去幾十年里長得越來越小的原因。

Jimmie Hicks to Xabel Ron

Not just animals, humans too. The average human nowadays is taller and wider than the average human 100 or 200 years ago. That’s how an influx of vitamins and minerals affect the bodies of all species given enough time.

不只是動物，人類也一樣。現在的普通人比100或200年前的普通人更高更寬。這就是在足夠的時間內，維生素和礦物質是如何影響所有物種的身體的。

Georgette Wolf

When they squeak now, you’ll notice a very sharp New York accent…

當它們吱吱叫的時候，你會注意到它們有很尖鋭的紐約口音……

Anthony Hoad

“20 inches and 2 pounds”

That’s not a rat, that’s a fucking chihuahua at this point.

“20英寸2磅”

那不是老鼠，那是他媽的吉娃娃。

Bitti Deva to Anthony Hoad

Lol.

哈哈

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Stephen Gandy

There is a mosquito, Culex pipiens molestus, that is unique to the London Underground…. The progenitor only bit birds.

有一種蚊子，叫地下庫蚊，是倫敦地鐵特有的….它的祖先只咬鳥。

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Brian van der Spuy

On a Facebook group for birders that I belong to there was a debate about whether it is a good idea to feed bread and other human food to garden birds. Apparently not too healthy for them. But it set me wondering to what extent city birds have evolved over the centuries to adapt to this new environment. Not sure whether much research has been done on it, but it would not surprise me at all if city birds are far better adapted to eat human food than we think.

在我所屬的一個Facebook觀鳥者小組中，有一場關於用麪包和其他人類食物喂花園鳥類是否是個好主意的辯論。顯然對他們來説不太健康但這讓我想知道，幾個世紀以來，城市鳥類在適應這種新環境方面進化到了什麼程度。我不確定是否對此做了很多研究，但如果城市鳥類比我們想象的更適應吃人類食物，我一點也不驚訝。

James Henry to Brian van der Spuy

Almost certainly a cultural adaptation rather than genetic, but in the UK robins are liked by humans and so are very bold in the presence of humans. In Europe - where they’re shot or eaten like any other bird - they’re just as wary as every other bird.

幾乎可以肯定這是一種文化上的適應，而不是基因上的，但在英國，知更鳥很受人類的喜愛，所以在人類面前非常大膽。在歐洲，它們像其他鳥類一樣被射殺或吃掉，因此它們和其他鳥類一樣警惕。

Sam Joseph to Brian van der Spuy

It’s been proven that city song birds sing at higher decibel levels, to be heard over city noise; so I wouldn’t be surprised.

I’m more concerned with how much public bird feeding has been helping the rats.

事實證明，城市歌唱的鳥以更高的分貝歌唱，以便在城市噪音中被聽到；所以我不會感到驚訝

我更關心的是公眾喂鳥對老鼠的幫助有多大。