中國的電動車製造商超越了全球競爭對手_風聞

【來源龍騰網】

正文原創翻譯：

China’s EV Makers Outshine Global Rivals, but a Rocky Road Lies Ahead

【中國的電動車製造商超越了全球競爭對手，但前路依然坎坷】

SHANGHAI—China’s car makers are going full throttle to increase production of electric vehicles, driving the world’s shift away from gasoline-powered cars. But as foreign rivals seek to claw back their lost market share, the road ahead looks perilous.

上海-中國的汽車製造商正在全力以赴地增加電動汽車的生產，推動世界由汽油驅動轉向新能源驅動。但是，隨着外國競爭對手試圖奪回他們失去的市場份額，未來的道路看起來很危險。

Electric vehicles took the limelight at China’s premier auto fair in Shanghai this week—the first major automotive event since the pandemic began three years ago that has been accessible to both local and foreign visitors. Gathering the biggest crowds were the Chinese-brand cars.

本週在上海舉行的中國最重要的汽車展覽會上，電動汽車成為焦點--這是自三年前疫情以來，第一次國內外參展者都能參加的大型汽車活動。中國品牌的汽車聚集了最多的人羣。

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The growing confidence of China’s electric-car makers was evident in the array of new models on show, from BYD Co.’s Seagull, a four-seater hatchback with a starting price under $11,500, to premium offerings from up-and-comers such as Li Auto Inc., NIO Inc. and XPeng Inc.

從比亞迪公司的海鷗（Seagull），一款起價低於11,500美元的四座掀背車，到理想汽車公司、蔚來公司和小鵬公司等後起之秀的高端產品一系列新車型將中國電動汽車製造商日益增強的信心展露無遺。

Three years ago, it seemed like everyone was still aspiring for the electrification of vehicles, said Nissan Motor Co.’s Ashwani Gupta, who was on his first visit since China removed almost all of its border restrictions in January. Electrified vehicles took off far faster than many people expected, the Japanese auto maker’s chief operating officer said, adding that China has “crossed the tipping point” of accepting them as normal cars.

日產汽車的古普塔表示，三年前，大家似乎都還在立志實現汽車電氣化。這是中國於1月份取消幾乎所有邊境限制後這家日本車企的首席運營官首次來華。古普塔稱，電動汽車的崛起速度遠遠超過很多人之前的預期，他還表示，中國已經跨越了消費者願意接受電動汽車作為常規車輛的臨界點。

Last year, a quarter of the new cars sold in China were electric or plug-ins, with the number of vehicles nearly doubling from 2021. Sales of internal-combustion-engine cars fell 13%. Foreign joint ventures are struggling to retain their share of the world’s biggest car market, as domestic brands successfully captured consumer tastes in the booming EV segment.

在中國去年銷售的新車中，有四分之一是電動汽車或插電式混合動力汽車，銷量較2021年增長近一倍。中國去年的燃油汽車銷量下降13%。本土品牌在蓬勃發展的電動車領域成功贏得消費者喜愛，中外合資車企也在努力保住市場份額。

But as the sector grows more crowded, brands must try harder to differentiate their products.

但隨着該領域競爭的加劇，各品牌必須在差異化競爭上加大力度。

Displays as well as software and apps are among key interior features that Chinese consumers favor. Inside the L9, a six-seater plug-in hybrid produced by Li Auto, a wide display monitors the car’s condition for the driver, while streaming videos and movies to entertain passengers.

消費者青睞的關鍵內部功能包括顯示屏、軟件和應用程序。在理想汽車生產的六座插電式混合動力車型L9裏，一個寬大的顯示屏既可以為司機監控車況，也能播放視頻和電影來為乘客提供娛樂。

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Digital and infotainment features are particularly important for Chinese customers, auto makers say—an area in which the domestic players have taken a clear lead over foreign brands.

多家汽車生產商稱，數字功能和信息娛樂功能對中國客户特別重要，在這個領域，中國本土車企已明顯領先外國品牌。

Sleek and futuristic exteriors are increasingly hallmarks of premium Chinese EVs that target the same segment of buyers as Tesla Inc. The inspiration for the design of XPeng’s G6, a coupe SUV, came straight from science-fiction, the auto maker says. An illuminated strip runs across the car’s hood, and the finish of the body appears fluid.

時尚且具有未來氣息的外觀正日益成為中國高端電動汽車的標誌，這些電動車針對的是與特斯拉(Tesla Inc., TSLA)相同的目標客户羣。小鵬汽車稱，該公司轎跑SUV G6的設計靈感直接來自科幻小説。該車型的引擎蓋邊緣有一條貫穿式燈帶，而且車體線條流暢。

Overall, the sophistication of Chinese electric cars on display in Shanghai is a sign of how far the local brands have come since a decade or so ago, when the country’s auto shows were filled with quirky and awkward-looking homegrown vehicles that also trailed behind foreign brands in fuel efficiency.

總體而言，上海車展展示的中國電動汽車的先進性能表明，自約十年前以來，本土品牌已經取得了長足進步。大約十年前的中國車展還充斥着造型古怪笨拙的國產汽車，在燃油效率方面也落後於外國品牌。

At the time, China’s consumers aspired to own foreign brands, which built a dominant presence as they rolled out their global models developed overseas.

當時的中國消費者渴望擁有外國品牌車，這些品牌在推出海外開發的全球車型時佔據了主導地位。

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Now, the tide has turned.

目前的形勢，已今非昔比。

“Our approach needs to be: learn modestly,” said Toyota Motor Corp. Executive Vice President Hiroki Nakajima. “The closest path to delivering the cars that Chinese customers want is to listen more closely to their voice and to do development in China.” Toyota showed two concept electric vehicles at the show, which it plans to start selling next year.

豐田汽車公司(Toyota Motor Corp., 7203.TO)執行副總裁中島裕樹(Hiroki Nakajima)表示，豐田的做法應該是：虛心學習；要交付中國客户心儀的汽車，最近的路徑是更仔細地傾聽他們的聲音，並在中國搞開發。豐田汽車在此次車展上展示了兩款概念電動車，計劃明年開始銷售。

International car makers, including Volkswagen AG and Ford Motor Co., as well as Nissan and Honda Motor Co., emphasized their decades of experience building cars, as well as their track records for safety and reliability.

包括大眾汽車(Volkswagen AG)和福特汽車公司(Ford Motor Co., F)，以及日產汽車和本田汽車(Honda Motor Co., HMC)在內的國際汽車製造商都強調了自身數十年的造車經驗，以及在安全和可靠性方面的過往紀錄。

Volkswagen, which brought dozens of executives and managers from Germany to the auto show in Shanghai, showed its ID.7 electric sedan at the show, which is set to go on sale in China this fall. Some versions can run up to 435 miles on one charge. The German auto maker’s market share dropped in China in recent years as the sales of its ID electric series failed to take off.

大眾汽車從德國派了數十名高管和經理參加上海車展，在車展上展示了ID.7電動轎車，該車將於今年秋天在中國上市。該汽車的一些版本一次充電最多可行駛435英里。由於ID系列電動汽車的銷售表現不佳，近年來大眾汽車在中國的市場份額下降。

Volkswagen said it would invest around 1 billion euros, equivalent to $1.1 billion, to build a development and procurement center for electric cars in China, with the aim of reducing the time it takes to introduce a new vehicle by about 30%.

大眾汽車表示，將投資約10億歐元（約合11億美元）在中國建立一個電動汽車開發和採購中心，希望把推出新車的週期縮減約30%。

Honda said it is speeding up its electrification plan in China by five years and now aims to sell only electric vehicles in the country by 2035.

本田汽車稱，將把在中國的電動化計劃加快五年，現在的目標是最晚到2035年在中國只銷售電動汽車。

Growing competition from foreign brands beefing up their electric lineup in China isn’t the only challenge local manufacturers face. They must also survive a continuing price war and, for some, turn profitable and scale up production.

外國品牌在中國加強電動車陣容帶來日益激烈的競爭，但這並非中國本土製造商面臨的唯一挑戰。中國製造商還必須在持續的價格戰中生存下來，對一些公司來説，還要實現盈利並擴大生產規模。

Tesla, which has a factory in Shanghai, wasn’t present at the auto show. The company was among the first car makers to slash prices in China, after the government phased out its nationwide subsidies for EVs.

在上海設有工廠的特斯拉沒有參加此次車展。政府逐步取消對電動車的全國性補貼後，該公司是第一批在中國降價的汽車製造商之一。

Tesla will likely find price cuts easier to endure than most in the industry. The world’s leading EV maker on Wednesday reported its operating margin—a measure of profitability—was 11.4% in the first three months of this year, among the highest in the auto industry.

特斯拉承受降價的能力很可能會強於大多數同行。這家世界領先的電動車製造商週三公佈今年前三個月營業利潤率為11.4%，這在業內數一數二；營業利潤率是一個衡量盈利能力的指標。

Meanwhile, three of China’s most competitive challengers—Li Auto, NIO and XPeng, all listed in the U.S.—aren’t consistently profitable. NIO and XPeng had net losses last year, while Li Auto booked an operating loss.

與此同時，躋身特斯拉最具競爭力中國挑戰者之列的理想汽車、蔚來集團、小鵬汽車尚未實現持續盈利。這三家車企的股票都在美國上市。蔚來集團和小鵬汽車去年錄得淨虧損，理想汽車錄得經營虧損。

XPeng’s Chief Executive He Xiaopeng said this week that a car maker must sell three million vehicles a year to survive beyond a decade, according to a spokeswoman. The company sold around 120,800 vehicles in 2022.

據小鵬汽車一位發言人稱，該公司首席執行官何小鵬本週表示，淘汰賽剛剛開始，300萬輛的年銷量規模將只是汽車公司的入場券。該公司2022年售出約12.08萬輛汽車。

With China now at the center of the global car makers’ newly invigorated electrification game, and the fierce competition among domestic brands, the country’s EV market will likely continue to evolve rapidly. “Market shares in EVs will be volatile as the development is still very dynamic,” said Juergen Reers, a managing director focused on the automotive sector at consulting firm Accenture.

鑑於中國在外國車企新近掀起的電動化浪潮中居於中心位置，且本土品牌之間競爭激烈，該國電動車市場很可能會繼續快速演變。“諮詢公司埃森哲(Accenture)專注於汽車行業的董事總經理Juergen Reers説，電動汽車領域的發展仍充滿活力，該領域的市場份額分佈將波動不定。