【龍騰網】中國古代的發明是如何影響世界的?_風聞

【來源龍騰網】

評論原創翻譯：

Annie Ruth Harrison

We have much to thank China for. Ancient Chinese inventions are amazing. And our world wouldn’t be the same without them. If you think our world runs on products that are now “Made in China,” wait until you see just how innovative the Chinese were in ancient times. For example:

1.Paper. Around 105 AD a eunuch in the Han court created paper by mixing hemp, tree bark, old fishing net, old linen together and breaking it down with lye. It’s come a long way but where would we be without paper?!

2.The Suspension Bridge. By 90 AD, they had moved away from rope bridges and designed more intricate architecture that led to the modern suspension bridge.

3.Gun Powder! Around the year 1000 AD, while trying to find the elixir for eternal life, gun powder was accidentally discovered instead.

4.Fireworks! Gunpowder was used by the Chinese to make fireworks, as well as other military grade weapons. (Thanks 華.Teddy for your added information.)

5.Silk. Sometime between 4000 and 3000 BC silk because popular. They guarded the secret for how to make it for centuries. It was so popular that trading for it became the basis of the Silk Road.

我們應該感謝中國。古代中國發明非常驚人。如果你認為我們的世界運行在現在“中國製造”的產品上，那麼等你看到中國古代有多麼具有創新性之後，你就會知道我們的世界將不再是同樣的世界了。例如：

1.紙張。公元105年，漢朝宮廷內的一個太監將大麻、樹皮、舊漁網和舊亞麻混合在一起，並用燒鹼分解，製造了紙張。儘管現如今已經發展了很長一段時間，但如果沒有紙張，我們將會在哪裏呢？！

2.吊橋。公元90年，他們已經擺脱了繩橋並設計出更加複雜的建築結構，這導致了現代的吊橋。

3.火藥！在公元1000年左右，人們想要尋找長生不老的靈藥時，意外地發現了火藥。

4.煙花！中國人使用火藥製造煙花，以及其他軍用武器。（感謝華.Teddy提供的額外信息。）

5.絲綢。在公元前4000到3000年間，絲綢變得越來越流行。他們保守了製造絲綢的秘密數個世紀。它如此受歡迎，以至於為之交易成為絲綢之路的基礎。

6.Abacus. These early calculators may have originated with Sumeria or China first. They are still in use today ( I use one to teach my daughter mathematics with.)

7.The compass. The precursor to our GPS, and still widely used today is the compass and it was created/discovered during the Han Dynasty.

8.Printing. Moveable type and the ability to print was discovered.

9.Porcelain. It was discovered in China in the Tang Dynasty and was used to sell and trade on the Silk Road.

10Umbrella. Next time it rains and you pull out your umbrella you can be thankful to China. In 21 AD the first collapsible umbrella was made.

11.Toilet paper. That’s right, this alone means we owe an unplayable debt to China. It was invented in 6th century China.

12Clock. The first mechanical clock was made by a Buddhist monk in 725 AD. It used dripping water to make a resolution of 24 hours.

13.Toothbrush. Thank China for your sparkling smile. The toothbrush was invented in 1498 AD by making bristles from horse hair attached to bone or bamboo handles.

6.算盤。這些早期計算器可能起源於蘇美爾或中國。今天它們仍在使用中（我使用它來教學我的女兒數學）。

7.指南針。我們GPS的前身，至今仍廣泛應用的是指南針，是在漢代發明/發現的。

8.印刷。可移動印刷和印刷能力被發現。

9.瓷器。唐朝時期在中國發現了瓷器，並被用於絲綢之路貿易。

10.雨傘。下次下雨時你拿出雨傘，你可以感謝中國。公元21年，第一折疊傘製造了。

11.廁紙。沒錯，僅憑這一點，我們就欠中國無以復加的債。它在6世紀中國被髮明。

12.鐘錶。第一台機械鐘錶於公元725年由一位佛教僧侶製造。它利用滴水來精確測量24小時。

13.牙刷。感謝中國讓你笑容燦爛。牙刷是在公元1498年發明的，通過將馬毛製成刷毛，並附加到骨頭或竹子手柄上

華.Teddy

I have to touch on the gunpowder and fireworks part.

1.Fireworks were signs of death in China at first because it was used by militaries along with flares as signalling devices. Only later was it used during festivals.

2.We definitely created very lethal gunpowder weapon systems. In fact, most of them would be “adopted” by the rest of the world.

3.We invented at least 60% of all the weapon systems that are still currently in use. From things like guns, artillery, grenades, bombs, land & naval mines, to rockets, rocket launchers, multi-stage rockets and many more, including multiple variants of each system, many which are still in use.

So no, the myth that China only had gunpowder as fireworks is just that, a myth, we created much of what is still in use today. In fact, most systems today are multiple improvements and/or combinations of those inventions, though this not in denial that those improvements and combinations are extremely innovative as well and this by no means will take away any value from them.

我需要補充一下有關火藥和煙花的部分。

1.最初，煙花在中國被視為死亡的象徵，因為它是軍隊使用的信號裝置之一，連同信號彈一起使用。直到後來才被用於節日慶典上。

2.我們確實創造了非常致命的火藥武器系統。事實上，它們中的大部分都被其他國家“借鑑”了。

3.我們發明了至少60%的仍在使用的武器系統。從槍支、炮兵、手榴彈、炸彈、陸地和海上的地雷，到火箭、火箭發射器、多級火箭等等，包括每個系統的多個變體，其中很多仍在使用。

所以，中國只是將火藥用於煙花的説法是錯誤的。我們創造了許多現今仍在使用的武器系統。實際上，今天的大多數系統都是那些發明的多次改進和/或組合，雖然這並不否認這些改進和組合也極具創新性，這絕對不會削弱它們的任何價值。

Annie Ruth Harrison

Wow! Now that’s amazing! Thank you for sharing. I find pieces of information like this about China extremely interesting! I’ll edit my answer.

哇！太神奇了！謝謝您分享。我發現這樣關於中國的資訊非常有趣！我會修改我的答案。

華.Teddy

Don’t worry about it, Chinese history is vast and complex, even we ourselves get it wrong sometimes hahaha.

But thank you for taking the time and effort to spread knowledge of our achievements. Many of the simpler ones do get taken for granted today.

不用擔心，中國歷史廣博而複雜，有時我們自己都會弄錯哈哈哈。但是，謝謝您花時間和精力傳播我們的成就。很多簡單的成就今天確實被視為理所當然。

Annie Ruth Harrison

I absolutely love China’s history and culture. I intend to spend the rest of my life learning what I can. Some of these I knew, but many I didn’t (and many I left out or this would a forever long answer) and I really enjoyed the reading to put this answer together.

我非常喜歡中國的歷史和文化。我打算花費餘生學習我所能瞭解的一切。我知道其中一些，但很多我不知道（我還省略了很多，否則這將是一個無限長的答案），我真的很享受整理這個答案的閲讀過程。

Dhilpreet Singh

Eye-opener❗

Please provide lixs for further burrowing on the idea that gunpowder was militarised in ancient China, as well as weapon systems - particularly those which are still in use.

If true, then one of the primary reasons given for western hegemony post-1500 AD, is significantly diluted.

開了眼界！ 請提供有關火藥在古代中國被軍事化以及武器系統（特別是那些仍在使用的）的進一步挖掘的鏈接。 如果屬實，那麼15世紀後西方霸權的一個主要原因就被大大削弱了。

Christopher Bhe

If you are really interested, you should read this book. It describes how China continually experimented with gunpowder weapons, creating a wide variety of weapon types, of which guns were only one. During the Renaissance, the gun then appeared in Europe almost fully developed overnight (in historical terms). This points towards technological transfer from China to Europe.

The Gunpowder Age: China, Military Innovation, and the Rise of the West in World History: Andrade, Tonio: 9780691178141: Amazon.com: Books

如果你真的感興趣，你應該讀這本書。它描述了中國不斷地嘗試火藥武器，並創造了各種各樣的武器類型，其中槍只是其中之一。文藝復興時期，槍幾乎在歐洲一夜之間全面發展起來（在歷史上看來是如此）。這表明了技術從中國傳輸到歐洲。《火藥時代：中國、軍事創新和西方在世界歷史中的崛起》

Michael Wu

You can also add the rudder, wheelbarrow, drilling rigs, paper currency, playing cards, civil service exams and most important tea. There are more, but I don’t think you have space for them.

你還可以加上舵、手推車、鑽機、紙幣、撲克牌、科舉考試以及最重要的茶。還有更多，但我認為你沒有空間寫。

Peter Chen

An excellent answer, Ms Harrison. My respects.

Permit me to add a few more inventions of ancient China that I can think of offhand.

The iron plow, crop rotation, closed loop agriculture, bulkhead compartmentalization in ships.

非常優秀的回答，哈里森女士。我敬重您。 請允許我再補充一些我能想到的古代中國發明。 鐵犁、輪作制度、封閉循環農業、船艙隔離。

Jake Darmawan

the biggest canal build in china helped inspired venice canal technology through marco polo

and noodleess

and shipsssss.

and crossbow

and pagoda :)

中國修建的最大運河啓發了威尼斯運河技術的發展，這一點通過馬可·波羅得以實現。還有面條、船隻、弩和寶塔。 :)

Jake Darmawan

and paper lanternnnnn

and PAPER MONEY, How can we forget about that

and Teaaaaaaa

還有紙燈籠、紙幣，我們怎麼能忘記它們呢？還有茶。。。

原創翻譯：龍騰網 http://www.ltaaa.cn 轉載請註明出處

Richard Wang

Saddles and stirrups. It first appeared in northern China. It spread to the West, giving rise to the class of cavalry and knights.

馬鞍和馬鐙。它最早出現在中國北方。它傳到了西方，催生了騎兵和騎士階級的產生。

原創翻譯：龍騰網 http://www.ltaaa.cn 轉載請註明出處

Dhilpreet Singh

Amazing - an eye-opener❗

Please provide lixs for further burrowing on the idea that gunpowder was militarised in ancient China, as well as weapon systems - particularly those which are still in use.

If true, then one of the primary reasons given for western hegemony post-1500 AD, is significantly diluted.

China’s mean IQ is higher than almost all, other than the possible exception of some smallish ones, eg Israel and Singapore. Combined with an humongous total population and extensive access to quality education, it is easy to see why the likes of Martin Jacques are so upbeat about the PRC.☺️

Western hegemony - a 5 centuries-old aberration - is dissolving before our very eyes…

中國的平均智商比幾乎所有其他國家都高，除了以色列和新加坡等一些小國可能是例外。加上龐大的總人口和廣泛接觸高質量教育，很容易看出像馬丁·雅克這樣的人為什麼對中國這麼樂觀了。☺️ 西方霸權——一個持續了5個世紀的反常現象——正在我們眼前消失…

Understanding China

The Chinese people contributed to the world’s technical inventions and scientific knowledge represented by papermaking, printing, gunpowder, and the compass.

Today, I want to talk about papermaking and printing.

中國人民通過紙張製造、印刷、火藥和指南針等技術發明和科學知識為世界做出了貢獻。 今天，我想談一談紙張製造和印刷。

Papermaking and printing have made important contributions to promoting the development of human civilization. The invention of the paper provides mankind with proper material to write on. The invention of printing saves large amounts of writing time and accelerates the production and spreading of knowledge.

紙張製造和印刷對促進人類文明的發展做出了重要貢獻。紙張的發明為人類提供了適當的書寫材料。印刷術的發明節省了大量的書寫時間，加速了知識的生產和傳播。