東西方飲食習慣的大差異_風聞

【來源龍騰網】

正文原創翻譯：

Eating both Eastern and Western cuisine was a part of my childhood in Singapore, Malaysia and Australia. Growing up I had many friends and family from Asian and Western backgrounds and we constantly ate each other’’s cuisines. Evidently there were noticeably different eating habits and food preferences between each other’’s cultures.

我在新加坡、馬來西亞和澳大利亞度過了童年，所以東西方的飲食我都吃過。並且我也有很多來自亞洲和西方背景的朋友和家人，我們經常吃對方飲食文化中包含的的菜餚。顯然，不同文化之間的飲食習慣和食物偏好存在着顯著差異。

When we speak of Eastern or Asian cuisine, we usually think of dishes originating from the Asian region, maybe rice and noodle dishes. When we speak of Western cuisine, dishes such as bread, potatoes and pasta commonly come to mind. That said, for each cuisine there are a multitude of varying dishes in between as this world is so diverse.

當我們談到東方或亞洲美食時，通常會想到源自亞洲地區的是米飯和麪條。當我們談到西餐時，人們通常會想到麪包、土豆和意大利麪。也就是説，每一種飲食文化都有許多不同的菜餚，因為這個世界是如此多樣化。

Eastern vs Western Eating Habits

1. Utensils

Eating with fork and spoon is the norm in Western cultures, and so is eating with a knife when a good chunk of meat is served. There can be a unique utensil for each course of a meal, such as in French dining. While many of Asian background eat with fork and spoons, many also eat with chopsticks or eating with just their hands. For instance, it’s common for Muslims to eat with their right hand and this in line with their faith. For some Indians it’s a mark of respect (especially to the host) to physically touch the food one is eating - joining all fingers together and picking up food to eat, in a way creating a spiritual connection with what one is eating.

東方VS西方的飲食習慣

1. 餐具

在西方文化中，通常用叉子和勺子吃飯，如果是端來一大塊肉，一般用刀吃。一頓飯的每道菜都可以使用一種獨特的餐具，就像吃法餐那樣。雖然許多亞洲人也用叉子和勺子吃飯，但還是更多人用筷子吃飯或直接用手吃。例如，穆斯林用右手吃飯是很常見的，這是出於他們的信仰。對一些印度人來説，觸摸正在吃的食物是一種尊重的標誌(尤其是對主人)——把所有的手指放在一起，拿起食物吃，在某種程度上與所吃的東西建立了一種精神上的聯繫。

When I was a kid, my Chinese-Malaysian parents first taught me to eat with fork and spoon, and later taught me how to use chopsticks. These days I use chopsticks whenever I eat Chinese food; it just feels natural (probably from having watched my family eat Chinese food with only chopsticks as a kid). Never had trouble picking up rice with chopsticks (which is baffling to some, but the trick is to put the rice bowl close to your mouth so rice doesn’t fall everywhere). There’s also hearsay in Asian cultures that placing cutlery upside down invites spirits to dine with you (not sure where this came from).

當我還是個孩子的時候，我的華裔馬來西亞父母首先教我用叉子和勺子吃飯，後來教我如何使用筷子。這些天我吃中餐的時候也都在用筷子，感覺很自然(可能是因為小時候看到我的家人只用筷子吃中國菜)。用筷子夾米飯從來沒有困難，(這對一些人來説很困難，但把飯碗靠近嘴巴米飯就不會掉得到處都是了)。在亞洲文化中也有傳言説，把餐具倒着放可以邀請鬼魂和你一起吃飯(不知道這是從哪傳出來的)。

2. Cooking techniques

Steaming, boiling and stir frying are popular Chinese cooking methods. Popular and staple Chinese dishes include soup and pan-fried dumplings, steamed veggies with oyster sauce and simmered bone broths. In contrast many popular Western dishes in Australia tend to be on the fried or baked side: fried chicken, pizza, fish and chips, parmagianas, meat pies and lamb roast. Notably in Asian culture dishes are more or less served warm or hot and rarely raw and cold (sushi would be the popular exception). On the other hand, salads, yoghurts and cheeses are popular ‘cold’ gastronomic choices among many Westerners.

2. 烹飪技術

蒸、煮和炒是中國流行的烹飪方法。受歡迎的中國主食包括湯和煎餃子，蠔油蔬菜和燉骨湯。相比之下，澳大利亞許多受歡迎的西餐往往都是油炸或烘烤的：炸雞、披薩、炸魚薯條、帕爾馬尼亞乾酪、肉餡餅和烤羊肉。值得注意的是，在亞洲文化中，菜餚或多或少是熱的或温的，很少是生的或冷的(壽司例外)。另一方面，沙拉、酸奶和奶酪這種“冷”美食是很多許多西方人喜歡的。

3. Table and seating configuration

Dining at round tables is common in Asian cultures and encourages inclusivity no matter where one sits. Dining at a round table, everyone can see each other-it encourages everyone to chat and connect with each other (one can see everyone at the table face to face), it’s convenient to pass food around on a Lazy Susan in the middle of the table. Also, the eldest or most senior person usually takes the seat facing the entrance, symbolic of hierarchical respect.

3.桌子和座位配置

圓桌用餐在亞洲文化中很常見，大家無論坐哪個位置都行。在圓桌上吃飯，每個人都可以看到彼此——這方便大家聊天和相互聯繫(一個人可以面對面地看到桌子上的每個人)，在桌子中間的轉盤上傳遞食物很方便。此外，最年長或級別最高的人通常坐在面對入口的座位上，象徵着等級的尊重。

Eating at rectangular tables is more common in Western cultures. One might not get the chance to chat with every single the person when seated at this kind of table but might be highly encouraged to make small chat with the person beside or right in front of them.

在西方文化中，在長方形餐桌上吃飯更為常見。坐在這種桌子上可能沒有機會和每一個人聊天，但會和他們旁邊或對面的人瘋狂聊天。

4. Sharing vs individual dishesIn

Chinese culture most dishes are designed to be shared over rice or noodles, and rice and noodles are supposed to be eaten along with other dishes. Growing up in Malaysia and Singapore, whenever the folks and I went to a Chinese restaurant, each of us had a bowl of white rice and three to four dishes placed in the centre of the table - everyone gets to try everything and this is synonymous with the virtues of sharing and being a part of a team, virtues revered in Chinese culture.

4. 分享vs單吃

在中國文化中，大多數菜餚都是配着米飯或麪條一起吃的，而且米飯和麪條就應該和其他菜餚一起吃。我在馬來西亞和新加坡長大，每當我和家人去中餐館吃飯時，每個人都會有一碗白米飯，桌中央擺三到四個菜——每個人都可以嚐到所有的菜，這是代表着分享的美德，中國文化中所推崇的美德。

Individual dishes are more common in Western cultures and it’s not surprising for someone to order one dish and have it all to themselves. Time and time again in Chinese restaurants l’ve seen Westerners doing this (like eating a whole plate of oyster sauce veggies by themselves), which strikes me as unusual as there is only so much nutritional value gained from eating one kind of food. Not to say there aren’t individual dishes in Chinese culture for example duck noodles and Hainanese chicken rice are dishes that one would have to all themselves.

在西方文化中單菜更常見，自己獨享自己點的菜並不奇怪。在中國餐館裏，看到西方人這樣做(比如一個人吃一整盤蠔油蔬菜)，這讓我感到很不常見，因為只吃一種食物只會獲得這麼多的營養價值。並不是説中國文化中沒有單獨的菜餚，例如老鴨面和海南雞飯就是人們必須自己只吃的菜。

On the plus side, when everyone orders a dish for themselves, it can be easier when it’s time to pay the bill:everyone eats their own share, fair and square pays for their own dish, no need to fight over the bill.

好的一面是，每個人都為自己單獨點菜時，結賬的時候會更容易：每個人都吃自己的那份，公平地為自己的菜買單，沒有必要為賬單而爭吵。

5. Balance and variety

There is usually a starter/entrée, main and dessert when it comes to having many a Western meal. Sometimes this includes a salad and cheese course. While multicourse meals are also part of Asian dining, balance is key here: there is usually a soup, a base of rice or noodles and a vegetable and meat dish served. With Asian cuisine, there is a focus on optimising meals for digestion-aligning with the concept of yin and yang - rather than stuffing oneself and feeling satiated and even more satiated.

5. 平衡和多樣性

很多西餐通常有前菜、主菜和甜點，有時還包括沙拉和奶酪。雖然多道菜也是亞洲飲食的一部分，但均衡才是關鍵：通常會有湯，米飯或麪條以及蔬菜和肉類。亞洲烹飪注重優化食物以促進消化——與陰陽觀念保持一致——而不是讓自己吃撐。

6. Setting and ambience

There’s the common conception that eating in a Chinese restaurant is a crowded, dark and dim affair. From my experience, this is the case with quite a few dumpling joints in Melbourne…but l’ve also been to Chinese restaurants where fluorescent white lights shine down from the ceiling and you can clearly see what you are eating. When it comes to dining Western, if it’s a romantic meal for two chances are it might be a dim dining affair in a secluded cozy corner booth - at least that’s what many movies are inclined to let you believe.

6. 環境和氛圍

人們普遍認為在中餐館吃飯是一件擁擠、陰暗、昏暗的事情。但從我的經驗來看，墨爾本的很多餃子店倒是都是這樣的……我去過很多很亮堂的中餐館，那裏的天花板上有白色的熒光燈，可以清楚地看到你吃的東西。説到西餐，如果你想要浪漫的一餐，那麼你可能會選擇在一個僻靜舒適的角落裏或者在昏暗的餐廳裏用餐——至少許多電影都傾向於讓你相信這一點。

原創翻譯：龍騰網 http://www.ltaaa.cn 轉載請註明出處

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Over time our food preferences and eating habits might change. We might prefer eating different cuisines at different times of our lives depending on how we’re feeling or where live or travel.

隨着時間的推移，我們的食物偏好和飲食習慣可能會改變。我們可能更喜歡在不同的生活時期吃不同的菜，一切取決於我們的自身感覺、生活或旅行的地方。