嶽曉勇：西方不能只盯着阿富汗女性話題，發展權也是重要的人權

塔利班政府執政三年來，阿富汗國內社會秩序和經濟情況得到一定程度的好轉，但美西方依舊緊盯阿富汗社會積弊已久的毒品和女性權益等話題，通過放大一些片面聲音，繼續誤導國際社會對阿富汗和塔利班政權的認知。

對此，北京對話和觀察者網對話中國外交部阿富汗事務特使嶽曉勇，通過介紹阿富汗的最新情況，以及包括中國在內的國際社會對阿富汗重建的援助，呼籲國際社會應對好阿富汗最緊迫的問題，比如貧困、饑荒、難民和恐怖主義威脅等等，為阿富汗重建提供建設性幫助。

**韓樺：**嶽曉勇特使您好，謝謝您和北京對話與觀察者網對話。過去三年來，您一直為阿富汗問題奔波忙碌。這次是剛剛參加完聯合國有關會議，會見了相關的官員，從紐約回來。

**嶽曉勇：**在那之後，我們還去了俄羅斯，剛從莫斯科回來。

**韓樺：**能不能和我們分享一下阿富汗問題的最新情況，以及中國對阿富汗的政策舉措？

**嶽曉勇：**從2021年8月15日到現在，已經過去三年零兩個月了。實際上，世界上那些關心阿富汗地區和平與重建、穩定與安全的人們，都在回顧這三年中發生的事情。就阿富汗問題的政治解決，阿周邊鄰國和國際社會也在思考迄今取得的進展，以及當前面臨的挑戰和機遇。中國作為阿富汗的鄰國、地區夥伴，同時也是國際社會負責任大國，一直在持續關注如何攜手各方為阿的和平、穩定和重建共同努力。

最近，我和同事們在聯合國大會期間去了紐約，參加阿富汗問題四國外長非正式會議等活動。中央政治局委員、中央外事工作委員會辦公室主任、中國外長王毅出席了會議並講話，俄羅斯與伊朗外長、巴基斯坦國防部長參加了會議。

2024年9月27日，阿富汗問題四國外長非正式會議舉行。 外交部

之後，應歐盟特使邀請，我去了歐洲，同歐方阿富汗問題特使團隊和有關高級官員交流。然後去了莫斯科，參加由特別代表、特使和高級官員出席的“莫斯科模式”第六次阿富汗問題磋商會。上述兩個會議都發表了聯合聲明。所有地區國家和鄰國一致認為，在美國為首的北約對阿富汗失敗的二十年佔領之後，大家應堅定攜手努力幫助阿富汗實現和平、穩定和重建。

**韓樺：**在我看來，這是繼習近平主席在和平共處五項原則發表70週年紀念大會重要講話之後的最新外交舉措之一。習主席強調中國在努力探索中國特色的熱點問題解決之道，在阿富汗等國際與地區問題上發揮建設性作用。

就像您提到的，這是中方推動解決阿富汗問題新的努力，持續發揮積極、建設性作用，推動阿富汗邁上和平穩定發展的道路。

**嶽曉勇：**是的，您説得對。回顧這三年，特別是近年來，第一，對於阿富汗問題的政治解決，中國的外交方針和行動，的確反映了我們國家領導人所明確主張的構建人類命運共同體的精神，體現出全球安全倡議，全球發展倡議和全球文明倡議的魅力。

第二，阿富汗也是我們的重要鄰國之一，兩國沿瓦罕走廊有90多公里長的國境線。從上世紀五十年代，新中國成立後不久開始，兩國就建立並保持良好的睦鄰友好關係。

在美國倉促地、不負責任地從阿富汗撤軍之後的幾天，我曾經接受過李世默先生（注：觀察者網董事長）的專訪，正是在我擔任特使之後的出訪期間。這次是第二次（接受觀察者網和北京對話）專訪。三年過去了，中方以實際行動與鄰國、地區國家和國際社會以及阿富汗人民一道努力，推動阿的重建。這是阿富汗在過去20年甚至更長時間以來，第一次將他們國家前途命運掌握在自己的手中。我們同他們感同身受，我們希望他們成功。

現在阿富汗人民終於有機會獨立自主地恢復、重建自己的國家。所以我們立即和其他鄰國一起，發起了鄰國外長會，到現在已經開了4次會議了，並且即將召開第五次會議。中國、地區鄰國以及國際社會的很多成員都認為，美國應該承擔起對阿富汗重建的責任。

直到現在，美國仍然凍結着阿富汗70億美元的海外資產，仍然維持着對阿富汗的單邊制裁。我們在國際上一直呼籲，阿富汗的海外資產必須解凍，所有單邊制裁都應該解除。關於阿富汗塔利班，有人稱阿富汗臨時政府，有人稱實控政權執政當局，不管怎麼稱呼，他們事實上已經掌握了這個國家。因此，國際社會有責任同他們建立接觸，和阿富汗人民一起，努力推進重建。

到目前，阿富汗已經在一些重建領域取得了令人讚歎的進展。比如説，他們已經基本全面掌控了這個國家並努力恢復治安，實施以經濟為中心的發展政策，大力反腐，將毒品罌粟種植面積減少95%以上。各國應該對此給予肯定。

2022年4月3日，農民在阿富汗坎大哈一處罌粟田採摘罌粟。阿富汗臨時政府當天宣佈，該國境內禁止罌粟種植及其相關產品交易。 新華社

他們也開始積極與外部世界互動，發展貿易，和本地區的國家以及鄰國加強聯繫。聯合國在兩年前開始組織多哈特使會議。很多機構包括我本人都認為，聯合國這個最大的國際組織應當在阿富汗問題上做出更多建設性努力。我們也一直在參與聯合國多哈進程，我本人蔘與了每一場多哈會議。我認為，多哈會議目前最大的成果就是，在中國、鄰國以及地區國家的持續呼籲敦促下，今年7月第三輪多哈會議，終於成功邀請阿富汗代表團臨時政府參會，與其他的國際社會利益攸關方一起，坐下來對話。在第一次和第二次的會議上，沒有成功邀請阿富汗代表團臨時政府與會。

現在，經過共同的努力，國際社會應該與阿富汗方面接觸對話已經成為共識，也應該繼續為阿提供人道主義援助。阿富汗面臨的挑戰和困難是真實的。這個國家有4000多萬人口，但是根據聯合國駐阿富汗援助團等聯合國機構的統計，超過半數人口瀕臨飢餓，一直處在飢餓與貧寒的威脅中。由於多年的外國佔領和戰爭，很多人背井離鄉逃到境外。如果你問巴基斯坦和伊朗，他們會告訴你兩國收留了數百萬的阿富汗難民，他們需要更多的國際援助；我們一直在呼籲國際傳統捐贈方提供更多幫助。

許多國家都對阿富汗的恐怖組織問題深為關切，20年的外國軍事佔領使這個問題更為嚴重。根據不同的數據統計，在外國佔領之初，那裏僅僅有一兩個恐怖組織，基地組織是最主要的一個，現在有20多個。20年的外國佔領，造成了這個國家多少痛苦和磨難。許多國家關注那裏的恐怖組織問題，中國也非常關注這個問題。在鄰國外長會、四方會議或莫斯科模式特使會議等地區和國際社會討論或聯合聲明中，反恐安全都是各方主要關切之一。這也是為什麼中國一直積極參與各方對阿的和平與重建支持，彙集地區和國際社會的幫助，與阿富汗一起，實現包括反恐安全在內的共同目標。

2022年4月23日，阿富汗民眾在首都喀布爾領取中國援助的糧食. 新華社

**韓樺：**像您説的，中國為解決阿富汗問題發揮了建設性作用。比如，您提到阿富汗減少了95%的毒品或者説鴉片種植，同時，他們在推行發展經濟的計劃。總的説來，中國為幫助解決阿富汗問題，與周邊國家一同推行了很多創新的辦法。

在您之前接受的採訪或者會議中，曾多次提到“三個尊重”、“三個從不”，這與美國對政治解決阿富汗問題所主張的態度、政策和雙重標準形成對照。

您能否進一步講一講？

**嶽曉勇：**美國在20年的失敗佔領之後從阿富汗倉皇撤軍，中國則鄭重宣佈，我們對阿政策，將會一如既往秉持“三個尊重、三個從不”的原則，即：中方尊重阿富汗獨立、主權和領土完整，尊重阿富汗人民做出的自主選擇，尊重阿富汗的宗教信仰和民族習慣。中方從不干涉阿富汗內政，從不在阿富汗謀求私利，從不尋求所謂勢力範圍。

**韓樺：**在目前進入更為穩定的階段之後，下一步關於阿富汗問題的首要任務是什麼？阿富汗婦女是一個熱點話題，一些西方國家在給阿富汗婦女提供庇護。您怎麼看這個問題？

**嶽曉勇：**是的，我們也注意這些問題。想要實現持久和平、穩定和重建，實現阿問題的政治解決，前面還有挑戰和困難。整體看來，我們應該堅定地反對霸權主義、反對雙重標準、反對地緣政治敍事、冷戰思維或強權政治。這不僅事關阿富汗，也事關世界和地區和平、穩定與安全。

這也包括要解決毒品和恐怖主義問題，使這個國家真正能夠把命運掌握在自己手中，根據自身國情來實現發展，與周邊和地區鄰國一道實現重建和共同發展。在這方面，我們有很多事情要做。

你剛才提到的婦女問題是重要的問題，也受到廣泛關注。但這並不是阿富汗問題的全部，也不是阿富汗問題的核心和根源。我們應該繼續關心阿富汗婦女，繼續注意這個問題產生的影響，同時與國際社會一道，應對好阿富汗最緊迫的問題，比如貧困、饑荒、難民和恐怖主義威脅等等，支持鼓勵阿富汗恢復和發展貿易、投資和重建。

我們同時也在幫助這個國家的女性謀發展。人權不只是指政治權力和別的權力，發展權也是重要的人權。我們可以用更建設性的方式來幫助阿富汗重建，真誠地幫助他們去更好的保護人權，用平等和相互尊重的方式去交流和引導，使他們落實好保護和改善婦女兒童權益的承諾。

圖為阿富汗女性庇護所 新華網

我訪問了阿富汗的鄰國和地區國家，包括諸如沙特阿拉伯、阿聯酋和卡塔爾等穆斯林國家，也訪問了最大的穆斯林國家印度尼西亞。這些國家都希望發揮建設性作用，比如通過伊斯蘭合作組織，分享作為穆斯林國家的治理經驗，保護和改善婦女兒童的權益。

同時我認為不應該以這類問題為藉口，忽略最要緊的問題，諸如民生、人道援助、打擊恐怖主義等等。這也是為何中國一直倡導要幫助阿富汗實現可持續的和平、穩定和重建，包括促進包容建政，温和施政等。

中國這幾年持續為阿富汗提供人道主義援助。從2021年8月以來，中國通過海、陸、空各種方式和渠道，提供了4.7億元人民幣的緊急人道主義援助。一些援助被用來幫助阿富汗接收從巴基斯坦和伊朗返回的數以百萬計的難民回國。

我們還對98%的阿富汗進口商品給予了零關税政策，擴大了松子的貿易。今年9月，習近平主席在中非合作論壇北京峯會開幕式上宣佈，中方願單方面擴大市場開放，決定給予包括33個非洲國家在內的所有同中國建交的最不發達國家100%税目產品零關税待遇。作為聯合國認定的最不發達國家之一，阿富汗也享有上述優惠政策。我們正在考慮（進口）藏紅花，這類農業項目有利於改善（阿富汗）普通人的生活，包括很多家庭婦女。這在阿富汗很受歡迎，就松子貿易一項，去年就達到5700萬美元。

**韓樺：**那是一個大數目。

**嶽曉勇：**阿富汗是一個松子出口國。

**韓樺：**對中國消費者來説，阿富汗的松子的確質量上乘。在北京賣得挺貴，質量好，銷量也很好。

**嶽曉勇：**這也是中國和阿富汗周邊鄰國決心繼續為實現“屯溪倡議”所做的共同努力。2022年，第三次阿富汗鄰國外長會由中國外長王毅主持，在安徽屯溪召開的，非常成功。“屯溪倡議”包括了70多個合作項目多項內容，將繼續成為周邊鄰國和阿富汗之間持續合作的指導框架。事實上，鄰國外長會機制已經成為幫助阿富汗實現和平穩定重建的非常重要、甚至是核心的國際和地區努力機制。

中國也積極參與了其他的機制，我之前提到的聯合國多哈特使會議、莫斯科模式特使磋商會、還有中俄伊巴四國外長會等，中國都有參與。實際上，一個和平、穩定、安全、繁榮的阿富汗，將使國際社會共同受益。

**韓樺：**國際社會是否認為，中國處理阿富汗問題的外交政策有獨特之處？

嶽曉勇：（中國）被廣泛認為是一個積極因素。中國的貢獻已經得到廣泛的認可和讚賞，我們已經成為阿富汗自主和平和重建的重要支持者。中方認為應該同時動員所有周邊鄰國和本地區國家來一起努力。

同時，我們強烈反對霸權主義、地緣政治和強權政治。阿富汗問題的政治解決符合國際社會的共同利益，一些外部國家卻採用雙重標準。美國有人説他們之所以要從阿富汗不負責任的倉促撤軍，是因為他們想要跟中國展開戰略競爭。這是在阿富汗問題上非常蹩腳的説辭和錯誤認知。

我們不應該用強權政治的舊思維來對待阿富汗問題。就像開頭説的，它應該成為國際社會共同努力構建地區命運共同體、鄰國命運共同體和全人類命運共同體的機會和範例。

2024年8月24日在阿富汗首都喀布爾拍攝的中國十九冶集團有限公司援建的住宅樓項目施工現場。 新華社

**韓樺：**我認為，中國的做法像是建立一個生態系統。外部發展需要政治經濟的生態系統，解決阿富汗問題也是如此。作為特使，您在處理這些挑戰的過程中，也像在建立一個生態系統。中國在其中所起的作用，就像是在外交領域提供韌性。

**嶽曉勇：**是的，特使只是整個過程中一個非常小的部分。中國作為世界上負責任的大國，不僅在阿富汗，也在解決其他的國際和地區熱點問題上，一貫倡導和平發展、團結合作。不幸的是，這個世界總是遭到強權政治、雙重標準、霸權主義和單邊主義的干涉和干擾。因此我們要持續推動地區和周邊鄰國等各方一起努力，來實現阿富汗的和平與重建。

**韓樺：**3年通常會被認為是解決一個國際問題的里程碑。所以3年過去了，下一步是什麼？國際社會正期待中國在這個問題上，發揮更大的建設性的作用。

**嶽曉勇：**阿富汗是我們的鄰國，也是國際社會、本地區以及周邊鄰國中一個重要的國家，中國將會繼續秉持人類命運共同體和周邊鄰國命運共同體的理念，促進國際社會、本地區國家和周邊鄰國繼續攜手，幫助構建本地區更好、更安全的國際環境。

我們應該繼續讓阿富汗周邊鄰國外長會機制發揮重要作用。同時，像上海合作組織這樣的機構，在反恐和人道援助等方面也要繼續發揮作用。

我們還應該和阿富汗開展更多接觸對話，加強提供人道援助。像您説的，這三年，我們通過共同努力，使阿富汗避免了國家的崩潰、避免了大規模難民外流，形勢開始向好。我們應該繼續開展務實合作，比如根據“屯溪倡議”和歷次鄰國外長會達成的共識，加強地區貿易、投資，增加交流，對阿富汗致力於以經濟為中心的政策給予積極的回應，引導阿富汗分享本地區的未來，共同促進睦鄰友誼。我們將會繼續支持上海合作組織發揮作用，支持聯合國發揮應有的協調作用。我們要繼續反對強權政治，堅持國際正義，反對霸權主義，反對干涉別國內政。

阿富汗應該成為一個合作各方平台，而不是地緣政治的角鬥場。我們將會繼續努力積極參與解決阿富汗問題。也因此，我們非常高興地看到，有20到30個利益攸關方參與的第三次多哈特使會議，最終成功邀請阿富汗方面臨時政府代表團參會，坐下來平等對話。這是非常好的開端。我們希望在各方共同努力下，阿富汗能從20年來被美國和北約佔領的悲慘境遇中走出來，實現重建，找到適合自己的可持續發展道路。

以下為英文對話全文：

Han:Mr Ambassador Yue, thanks so much for sitting down with Beijing Club for International Dialogue as well as Guancha.cn during your very busy schedule。So you’ve been traveling a lot for the past 3 years on the Aghan issue。And you just came back from New York，attending UN meetings, meeting with relevant officials.

Yue：Actually from Moscow after that.

Han:So please share with us what are the frontline status quo of the diplomacy and diplomatic work around Afghan issues？And what is the China policy？

Yue:Thank you，Ms.Han. That’s a very good beginning with your question. Indeed，since August 15，2021 with 3 years and almost 2 months passed, all over the world and those who care for Afghanistan’s  peace and reconstruction，care for the regional stability and security, have been recalling how much water has passed under the bridge in those 3 years for neighboring, regional and the international community regarding Afghanistan political settlement, also have been discussing how much we have achieved and how much difficulties and opportunities are ahead, and how much we, as Afghanistan’s neighbors，Afghanistan’s regional partners，and also as a responsible member of the international community, can continue to join hands for the peace and the stability and reconstruction of Afghanistan.

Recently，I and my team have been to New York during the annual UN assembly. And our mission is to attend four countries’ Afghanistan unofficial meeting. Our Political Bureau Member, Director of the Foreign Office of Central Party Committee and also Foreign Minister Mr. Wang Yi attended the unofficial foreign minister meeting on Afghanistan in the sideline of the UN General Assembly, namely China，Russia，Iran and Pakistan; Pakistan this time sent their defense minister. After that，we went to Europe, invited by the European Union Commission special envoy, to have dialogue with their special envoys and leading officials. Then we went to 6th Moscow Consultation Meeting on Afghanistan，participated by the special representatives，special envoys and high level officials. Both meetings, The New York four countries foreign minister unofficial meeting and Moscow Format consultation meeting issued joint statements. It’s the general spirit that all those regional countries and neighbor countries will continue to join their efforts to help Afghanistan for its peace，stability，and reconstruction after 20 years failed occupation by America and NATO.

Han:That is another move in my opinion，another diplomatic move after when Chinese president Xi Jinping mentioned during the 70th years anniversary of the peaceful coexistence principle，when he specified that Afghan issue and then the resolution and diplomatic efforts on the Afghan issue is showing that China is playing a very constructive role in resolving the regional or even the global issues.

So after 3 years，as you mentioned，this is like a step forward or a milestone towards resolving the Aghan issue to make the country, through the joint efforts，especially China is playing a very active role and constructive role, to bring it to peaceful and a stable development down the road.

Yue:Yes，you’re right。 Looking back for those 3 more years，number one， the approach and the policy, i.e. the action China has been taking regarding the political settlement of Afghanistan, is really reflecting what our top leadership has been advocating very strongly, to build shared future for humanity with the three initiatives: initiatives for common security, initiatives for development, initiatives for civilization。 In particular，as Afghanistan is also one of our important neighbors, we share 93 some kilometers border along the Wakhan Corridor, we have been having this good neighboring country, neighboring relationships, ever from founding of the People’s Republic of China in the early years, last century in 1950s. After America’s hasty，irresponsible withdrawal from Afghanistan, August 15 2021, couple of moments，I remember we also had an interview, with Eric Li, my first trip after taking office as special envoy; this is the second special interview，3 years passed. So our approach reflecting and recalling back, along with the guidelines and policies of our top leadership, we have been following those guidelines together with the neighboring countries，regional countries，the international community, strongly advocate that we’d  be together with Afghan people, who is to for the first time over the past 20 years or longer, maybe over the past 40 years, take the fate of the destiny of their  country into their own hands。We have all the sympathy for them. We hope they succeed。

Finally，they have the opportunity to reconstruct and build their country independently。So we immediately engage and together with neighboring countries, we set up the neighboring country foreign minister meetings, up to now we already had four meetings, and we are going to have the fifth one。In this point，I would say that we the neighboring regional countries and many members of the international community feel, it is the United States that should take the major responsibility for all those suffering and destruction of Afghanistan and they should take responsibility for the reconstruction of Afghanistan.

Up to now，United States still freezes Afghanistan’s  7 billion USD overseas assets and still maintains its unilateral sanctions against Afghanistan. We have been calling for it to be unfrozen and all those unilateral sanctions be lifted. If you look to the Afghanistan itself，I should say that Afghanistan Taliban，some call them the Interim Government of Afghanistan，some call them de facto authorities, whatever you call them, They have actually controlled the country and it is the responsibility of the international community to engage with them, so that we can come together to work with Afghan people for their reconstruction.

Yue:The current situation there you look at in Afghanistan shows they have achieved for the transition of the country in quite a few fields and impressive，for example，they have achieved, by and large a general stability and control of the country. They began to implement a policy focusing on the economic development, they have effectively reduce the corruption of the country.They have dramatically cut down the drug planting by over 95%. So all this we should give them due credits.

Yue:They have also actively begun to engage with the rest of the world， develop trade and connecting with the regional countries and the neighboring countries. The United Nations began to have Doha Special Envoys Meeting since 2 years ago and they feel they should make more efforts to engage。We also have been participating in the UN Doha (Special Envoys meeting) process。I attended every Doha meeting. I think up to now the biggest achievement in this Doha process is after repeated calls from China，from neighboring countries and regional countries, finally，in this year， I remember it could be in July, The third Doha conference succeeded in bringing Afghanistan delegation to attend the meeting and sit there with other stakeholders of the international community, to have dialogue. In the first and second，the Doha process failed to invite Afghan delegation to attend the meeting.

Yue:Now after the joint efforts，it has already become the consensus that we should engage with the de facto authority there to facilitate dialogue. We should continue to have the humanitarian assistance to the country. To this point，I like to say that Afghanistan is also facing challenges and difficulties ahead.

For example，this is a country with 40 million some population，but according to UNAMA’s  report，and according to other United Nations report，almost half of the population is in need of assistance，humanitarian assistance，and over 20 million face hunger. This country is always in the danger of hunger. And after repeated years of foreign occupation and wars，there have been large amount of refugees flowing out of the country. If you ask Pakistan and Iran， both countries shelter respectively over millions，3, 4,or 5 millions of refugees or those people flowing out of the country. They need more international help。So we have been calling international donors to give more help.

Yue：Many countries also are concerned about the terrorism associated security threat there。This is again the result of the 20 years outside foreign occupation. In the beginning of the 20 years occupation by America and NATO，there was only one or two terrorist groups there，now you look at the different statistics, it is over 20。

For China，we also are concerned。If you look at each of the joint statements by neighboring,regional countries or international community as a whole, counter terrorism is always a major concern. How to work with Afghanistan to finally have this country’s land clearly cut away from terrorists threat or to really help Afghanistan to realize what they have committed for CT security will continue to be an important aspects of engagement。They have also said that they will not allow any of their people，any of their own people or any forces use their land to threat the neighbors.

Han：You and your team or as you put it，China has been playing a constructive role in solving the Afghan issue。I realize that, so can you elaborate a little bit more, for example， when you mentioned that Afghan has been cutting the drug or opium planting about 95%, and at the same time，it’s been doing its own economic development plan。 What are the alternatives for this kind of cutting off of the drug planting？So what are you doing to fill the vacuum of the revenues or benefits from this drug planting? This is a very specific question。 In general，China for our readers and audiences，we’ve seen a lot of creative approaches towards solving，collaborating with neighboring countries，with regional countries in help solving the Afghan issues.

In some of the previous interviews or meetings，you mentioned about the three respects versus the western or American led western attitudes or policies towards, or double standards towards resolving Afghan issues.

So can you elaborate more on these issues？

Yue：You raise a very good question。 That’s why, from the very beginning, after America’s irresponsible withdraw from Afghanistan after 20 years of failed occupation, when China spoke about our approach，we very seriously solemnly declared that we will hold our three respects and three nevers principle，we believe that’s very important to let world know that the guidelines for our handling the political settlement of the issue, that is China will respect Afghanistan’s independence，sovereignty and territorial integrity。China will respect Afghanistan people， Afghan people to make their own choice for their development。China will respect Afghan people’s religious and their national custom and practice, China will never interfere Afghanistan internal affairs, and never seeks selfish interests in Afghanistan, or never seek after so-called sphere of influence.

Han：So what are the next step policies, which will be the priorities for the next step, to solving Afghan issues after they are moving towards a more stable development status quo？ There is a hot issue regarding the status of the Afghan women。Some western countries are providing so called asylum to these Afghan women.

So what do you think of these？

Yue:Yes，we also noticed those issues, if we want to win a sustainable peace，stability and reconstruction，to win the final solution of the political settlement of the issue, we have challenges and tasks ahead. My impression is that many countries hold that we should very much guard against hegemonism, guard against the double standards, guard against what some other countries said, so called geopolitical narratives，all those either cold war thinking or the old ways of power politics. This is actually an issue concerning the common good of international society， concerning the peace，stability，security，not only about Afghanistan, but also in the region and in the world.

Those challenges would include drug problem，narcotics planting，the terrorism threat, and how to make sure to see a country finally get their destiny into their own hands， how they make their own country stand up again independently, and to go along according to their own conditions and situations，realize their reconstruction and prosperity and enjoy the common development with their neighbors in the region and return to the international community.

Yue:In this regard， we have a lot of things to do. Regarding the woman issue, it is an issue international and neighboring and regional countries have been showing their concern, and it is also an important one。But that is certainly not the whole Afghanistan issue。And it is also not the core or root of Afghanistan problem。We should continue to care for Afghanistan women, we should also work together to have international community focusing on the most urgent，most pressing hardships and difficulties of Afghanistan, like humanitarian disaster，the possible famine，the refugees，the terrorists threat, while encouraging more trade with Afghanistan，the investment，the joint efforts for the reconstruction.

We are all at the same time helping the woman and girls of their country。If you look at the issue of human rights，development rights is also included in the human rights。So the challenge is rather how we take a mutual respect and equality approach to exercise our guidance, to work with them， to improve protection of both the interests and rights of woman and children.

Yue:For example，I have been visiting their neighboring and the regional countries，including some other Muslim countries like the Gulf states, Saudi Arabia，the UAE and Qatar，and also visited the biggest Muslim country，Indonesia。 All those countries would like to play a role, like in the organization of OIC, to have the good exchanges with them, so that they can compare notes as a Muslim country, how to better together share their experience，mutual educational and guidance, to improve together protection of the rights and interests of women and girls.

I don’t think you should take that as an excuse to ignore the most needed urgent issues，like livelihood of people，humanitarian assistance，counterterrorism，and others。That’s why China has been advocating for winning the peace，sustainable peace，stability，and reconstruction there should be (number one) inclusiveness in their constituting the nation and national politics，(number two) the moderate governance of the country.

Certainly number three the international community should continue to offer humanitarian assistance and possibly development assistance。Number four，the security， especially the CT associated security and also，number five, joining hands for the common development of the country. Up to now ever since August 2021, China with all forms and all channels，land，sea and air, has been provided 470 million RMB of urgent humanitarian assistance。And we have also been consulting with Afghan side how to implement our 1 billion RMB equivalent humanitarian and development material assistance。 Part of it，as I said，is to help Afghanistan and also Pakistan，Iran to have arrangement of the returnees from there，millions of the refugees.

we have also offered zero tariffs treatment for 98% of imports from Afghanistan, and expanded our for example pine nuts trade.

We are considering saffron to let their agricultural farming play a good role for improving their lives，including thousands of the common peoples, women in their households。It is very much welcomed in the country。And the pine nuts trade alone has already reached over $57 million.

Han:That’s a big number.

Yue:Afghanistan is a good pine nut exporter.

Han:Afghanistan has really good quality pine nuts for Chinese consumers.

Han:It’s sold in high price in Beijing, good quality, so good sale, best seller. So that’s a very big number.

Yue:That’s why China has been advocating, calling for the neighboring countries to work together to have a good implementation of Tunxi Initiative， which was been held in China，Anhui Tunxi, as the third Afghanistan neighboring country foreign minister meeting presided over by China, and by Foreign Minister Wang Yi himself. Very successful, the initiative has already mapped out seventy some items of the cooperation.

It continues to serve as a very good guideline for the continuous cooperation between the neighboring countries and Afghanistan. Actually the neighboring country foreign minister meeting mechanism has become a very important, even the core mechanisms for the international regional efforts to help Afghanistan for its peace and stability and reconstruction.

 China also actively participated in some other mechanisms。I just mentioned united nations Doha process, Moscow format, also China， Russia，Iran，Pakistan foreign minister unofficial meetings also. All that we believe helps。 Actually，it is the common interests of the international community as a whole to have peaceful，stable，and secured，prosperous Afghanistan. international community，we believe，shared common interests in this field.

Han：The last question，does the international community regard the Chinese approach or Chinese methods of doing this Afghan diplomacy as a very unique one. we have this kind of status.

Yue:It is widely and accepted and recognized as positive factor。And China’s contribution is also widely recognized and appreciated。 We have become important contributor for the whole process of the Afghanistan peace and reconstruction。 China feel that we should at the same time mobilize the whole neighborhood，the regional countries and the international community, to work together while strongly opposed to any，as I said just now, hegemonism，geographical politics and power politics in play. Afghanistan political settlement is a common issue, also to work on it is for the common good of the international and regional countries as a whole. Some other countries use the double standards，even some country said why the United States got their irresponsible，hasty withdrawal，it’s because they want to have the strategic competition with China. That’s a very bad excuse or it is not a very appropriate talking regarding Afghanistan issue.

We don’t believe Afghanistan is the issue of the old power politics。 As I said in the beginning，it is an example of how the international community handles this as we are ready to have a shared future together，have a shared future as a region，a shared future as neighbor, a shared future for the mankind in the international community as a whole.

Han：For me，China’s way or Chinese approach is like building an ecosystem，not only for the outside developments，they need their own ecosystem politically，economically，but towards that direction，resolving of Afghan issues and tackling the challenges among your special envoys，among different countries, is like to build an ecosystem for Afghan issues， resolution，and Chinese way, the role is like being the resilient part of that, in that diplomatic community.

Yue:Yes，I think special envoy role is only a part of the whole efforts, is only tiny part of the whole process。China as a major country in the world，we have been advocating not only in Afghanistan，but in all the other regional hot spots solving and international affairs  what we called the peaceful development path and to work together with the rest of the world, a joined and shared future of mankind all along.  Unfortunately， we have always had this interference and disturbed by those power politics，double standards, hegemonial and even unilateral way of doing things. That’s why we need to continue to mobilize the constructive and good regional and neighboring efforts of the international community to work for that peace and reconstruction of Afghanistan.

Han:And to apply some of your practices and experiences expertise to some other international disputes，more and more international disputes nowadays。 After 3 years，3 years is usually regarded as a milestone towards solving an international issue。So after 3years，what are the next steps？ The international community is expecting China playing a bigger role or playing a more constructive role down the road.

Yue:Afghanistan is our neighbor as an important country in the international community as well as the region. We’ll continue to go along with the guidelines of the shared future of humanity and of shared future of our neighbors.  I think there are several points，for example，we believe international community，regional countries and the neighbor countries should continue to unite to work together to help to have a better，stronger regional common security.

And from that， we should continue to let Afghanistan，neighboring countries，foreign minister meeting mechanism，play important role and together，for example，with some other organizations like SCO Shanghai Cooperation Organization, to play their role helping Afghanistan both for the CT security and humanitarian assistance and others。And also there are some other organizations.

And secondly， we should have the comprehensive conversation of our measures and actions to enhance our level of coordination in our providing humanitarian and other assistance to Afghanistan. As you said，for those 3 years，our joint efforts have born good results in how Afghanistan successfully avoided the collapse of the country, to have avoided the large scale exodus of the refugees, and beginning to work ahead, and we should continue to have that practical cooperation，for example，following the Tunxi initiative and support the neighboring country foreign minister meeting mechanism and enhance our regional trade，investment and connectivity efforts, and give our positive response to Afghanistan policy focusing on economy, their general guidelines of the policy, to set up shared future of the neighboring countries and region, to be the good neighbors in this region. And in that we will continue to support Shanghai Cooperation Organization to play its role. We’ll also continue to support the United Nations to play its due coordinating role for the international community to help Afghanistan and to help Afghanistan to improve their humanitarian dire situation for their reconstruction. fourthly，of course，we will continue to be opposing ourselves to, or we will continue to be opposed to power politics, and to safeguard justice in the international community and against the hegemonial behaviors.

That is to say, to take Afghanistan as a platform of cooperation, instead of using it as a geographical politics circus. We appreciate the Doha meetings in the way that finally Doha meeting with 20 to 30 of the stakeholders to have successfully invited Afghanistan sitting there to have dialogue with the meeting，that’s a good sign. Hopefully we can continue work so as to help Afghanistan coming out of that dire situation of the 20 years occupation of America and NATO, to realize it’s reconstruction and also to find their own way how to have a sustainable development，with both internal political process, and the external relationships with the rest of the world.

Han:That is very comprehensive.

Yue:Yes, we can continue to work on that.

Han:I don’t think America would do that. Great. Thank you. I think this is a very good interview.

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