“外媒論中國”第二十一期 | 為什麼是中國贏？_風聞

01

美國報告稱中國大學主導全球芯片研究

**原標題：**Chinese universities are dominating global research on chips, US report says

發佈機構：南華早報（South China Morning Post）

關鍵詞：中美科技競爭、芯片創新

中文

《南華早報》一篇題為“美國報告顯示：中國大學在芯片研究領域佔據全球主導地位”的文章指出，儘管面臨美國出口限制，中國在半導體研究領域依然取得了顯著進展。喬治城大學2024年發佈的一份報告稱，2018年至2023年期間，發表英文芯片研究論文數量排名前十的機構中有九家來自中國。其中，中國科學院（CAS）在論文發表數量（超過14300篇）和影響力（超過3400篇高被引研究）方面均位居第一。中國研究人員在神經形態計算、碳基人工智能芯片和光子處理器等領域不斷取得突破，這也標誌着中國在下一代半導體創新領域正逐步佔據主導地位。

清華大學開發出了用於人工智能訓練的節能型憶阻器芯片；北京大學創造了打破紀錄的二維晶體管，其性能超越了英特爾和三星的設計。南京大學在自旋電子學領域發表了引用次數最多的芯片研究論文（2018年發表於《自然》雜誌），浙江大學則在光子芯片用於超快計算方面取得了重要進展。此外，電子科技大學（UESTC）和華中科技大學（HUST）也在量子計算和國內芯片生產領域取得了顯著成果。

（圖源：南華早報）

儘管美國的制裁限制了中國獲取先進製造工具，但報告指出，這些制裁可能無意中刺激了中國在基礎研究方面的投入和發展。隨着美中科技競爭的不斷升級，中國在研究領域的強勁勢頭可能會重塑全球半導體領域的競爭格局，挑戰美國在關鍵新興技術領域的領先地位。

Short Summary

A South China Morning Post article titled “Chinese universities are dominating global research on chips, US report says” highlights China’s remarkable progress in semiconductor research amid U.S. export restrictions. According to a 2024 Georgetown University report, nine of the top 10 institutions publishing English-language chip research from 2018 to 2023 were Chinese, with the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) leading in both output (14,300+ papers) and influence (3,400+ highly cited studies). Chinese researchers are pioneering breakthroughs in neuromorphic computing, carbon-based AI chips, and photonic processors, signaling China’s growing dominance in next-gen semiconductor innovation.

Notable contributions include Tsinghua University’s energy-efficient memristor chip for AI training and Peking University’s record-breaking 2D transistor, which outperformed designs from Intel and Samsung. Nanjing University produced the most-cited chip study (2018, Nature) on spintronics, while Zhejiang University advanced photonic chips for ultra-fast computing. Institutions like UESTC and HUST are also making strides in quantum computing and domestic chip production.

While U.S. sanctions limit China’s access to advanced manufacturing tools, the report suggests they’ve inadvertently fueled fundamental research. As the U.S.-China tech race escalates, China’s research momentum could redefine global semiconductor leadership, challenging America’s technological edge in critical emerging fields.

02

誰將贏得人形機器人的開發競賽？

**原標題：**Who will win the race to develop a humanoid robot?

發佈機構：BBC新聞

關鍵詞：人形機器人、技術創新

中文

《BBC新聞》的文章“誰將贏得人形機器人的開發競賽？”指出，中國憑藉政策支持、技術突破和產業協同優勢，已成為全球人形機器人領域的重要競爭者。2025年北京人形機器人半程馬拉松賽事中，中國自主研發的"天工Ultra"和"松延動力N2"等機器人展現了在複雜地形下的穩定性、續航力與適應性突破，體現了中國在AI融合、輕量化材料及控制算法領域的探索，以提升機器人實用化水平。

中國企業完全有能力主導人形機器人市場（圖源：Getty Images）

中國將人形機器人納入國家戰略佈局，通過“人形機器人創新發展指導意見”等政策推動2025年前建成完整產業生態。優必選、大疆、小米等企業通過高扭矩伺服電機、高性價比消費級產品等硬件創新搶佔先機，並依託成熟的製造業供應鏈加速量產。學術界與產業界的協同創新——如北京具身智能創新中心的跨學科合作——進一步鞏固了技術優勢。

文章強調，中國龐大的應用場景（從工業物流到醫療護理）為技術迭代提供了數據支撐和市場空間。儘管面臨挑戰，但政策引導、產業靈活性與技術雄心的結合，使中國在全球人形機器人發展中佔據關鍵地位。

Short Summary

In the BBC News article titled “Who will win the race to develop a humanoid robot?”, China emerges as a formidable contender in the global humanoid robotics race, driven by strategic policy support, rapid technological advancements, and a robust industrial ecosystem. The country’s progress is highlighted by milestones such as the 2025 Beijing Humanoid Robot Half Marathon, where Chinese-developed robots like Tiangong Ultra and Songyan Power N2 demonstrated breakthroughs in stability, endurance, and adaptability across complex terrains. These achievements reflect China’s focus on integrating AI, lightweight materials, and advanced control algorithms to enhance robotic mobility and real-world applicability.

China’s government has prioritized humanoid robotics as part of its national strategy, with policies like the “Humanoid Robot Innovation Development Guidelines” aiming to establish a competitive industrial ecosystem by 2025. Domestic companies, including Ubtech, DJI, and Xiaomi, are leading in hardware innovation, such as high-torque servo motors and cost-effective consumer models, while leveraging the country’s mature manufacturing supply chain to accelerate mass production. Collaborative efforts between academia, startups, and tech giants further strengthen China’s position, with initiatives like the Beijing Embodied AI Innovation Center fostering cross-disciplinary breakthroughs.

The article also underscores China’s expanding application scenarios, from industrial logistics to healthcare, supported by a vast domestic market and data-rich environments for AI training. While challenges remain, China’s combination of policy alignment, industrial agility, and technological ambition positions it as a key player in shaping the future of humanoid robotics.

03

在與美國的人工智能競賽中

中國屢創佳績

**原標題：**In AI race against US, China is racking up real-world wins

發佈機構：南華早報**（South China Morning Post）**

關鍵詞：人工智能發展、中國經濟發展

中文

《南華早報》的一篇文章指出，中美之間的人工智能競爭不斷升級，與此同時，兩國還在不斷加劇的關税戰中相互角力，這可能會把世界經濟拖入衰退的泥潭。儘管美國在人工智能技術層面處於領先地位，但並不能確定其在競爭中就一定能獲勝。

首先，中國自上而下的政策佈局為人工智能產業的蓬勃發展提供了堅實支撐。國內初創企業MiniMax（也稱作DeepSeek）的成功，充分展現了中國在人工智能領域所藴含的巨大潛力。從深圳到上海等地，地方政府紛紛支持人工智能發展，期望能夠培育出下一個MiniMax。

其次，在監管方面，中國借鑑了歐盟的《人工智能法案》，避免過度監管，而是通過制定技術標準來規範人工智能的實際應用，以此推動產業和經濟的發展。然而，面對中國在人工智能領域的快速發展，美國白宮制定了計劃，意圖維持其在全球人工智能領域的主導地位，包括進一步限制對華先進芯片出口，以及禁止MiniMax的人工智能聊天機器人進入美國政府設備。

義烏國際商貿城一家襪子店的店主使用 Al 生成產品介紹的英文視頻。（圖源：Getty Images）

不過，中國在人工智能領域還有一個顯著的發展特點，那就是更加註重將人工智能技術儘快應用於實踐，以造福企業和公眾。例如，物美超市利用MiniMax的人工智能模型升級了客户關係管理系統。隨着中國企業越來越多地應用人工智能案例，投資銀行分析師認為，相關行業的中國股票具有重估的潛力，而“MiniMax效應”甚至成為今年推動中國股市上漲的重要因素。

中國國家互聯網信息辦公室主任工程師孫蔚敏指出，一個國家的實力不僅體現在是否率先發明新技術，還體現在能否在各個行業中有效推廣和應用這些技術。對於人工智能而言，成功不僅取決於發展，更在於其在實際應用中如何被使用、部署、完善和持續改進。儘管中國的人工智能技術尚未領先全球，但龐大的國內市場以及普通消費者對人工智能應用的快速接受，可能會對中美在人工智能領域的競爭產生影響，至少在經濟影響方面是如此。

Short Summary

An article in the South China Morning Post highlights the escalating competition between China and the US in artificial intelligence (AI), beyond their tariff war. While the US leads in AI technologically, China’s top - down policy support has spurred the growth of its AI industry. For example, the success of domestic startup MiniMax (also known as DeepSeek) shows China’s huge potential in this field. Local governments from Shenzhen to Shanghai are supporting AI development, hoping to nurture the next MiniMax.

China has also drawn on the EU’s “Artificial Intelligence Act” to avoid over - regulation, instead focusing on setting technical standards to regulate AI’s practical applications and support economic growth. Despite this, the US White House has plans to maintain its AI dominance, including further restricting advanced chip exports to China and banning MiniMax’s chatbot from US government equipment.

However, China’s focus on quickly applying AI technology in practical ways to benefit businesses and the public is a notable strength. For instance, Wumart Supermarket has upgraded its customer relationship management system using MiniMax’s AI model. As Chinese enterprises adopt more AI applications, analysts believe related Chinese stocks have potential for revaluation, with the “MiniMax effect” driving this year’s stock market rise.

Sun Weimin, chief engineer of the Cyberspace Administration of China, notes that a country’s strength in AI lies not just in invention, but in effective application across industries. China’s large domestic market and rapid consumer adoption of AI applications could impact the China - US AI competition, at least economically.

04

中國為何勝出？

**原標題：**Why China is Winning?

發佈機構：新政治家（The New Statesman）

關鍵詞：人工智能、中美競爭、特朗普 2.0

中文

在中美競爭進入白熱化的當下，英國《新政治家》雜誌一篇最近發表的文章指出，押注中國才是明智之選。在有關關税與貿易戰的喧囂表象之下，真正的較量事實上正在人工智能領域展開，而中國在該領域的領先表現正使美國處於明顯劣勢。特朗普執政下的美國因短期主義、通貨膨脹與政治內鬥而步履蹣跚，而中國則在人民強烈的國家認同感與高科技投資的推動下，穩步積蓄力量。從歷史、人口結構及經濟總量等多方面來看，中國已佔據優勢，而按購買力平價計算，中國經濟規模已超越美國。

人工智能領域的崛起成為競爭格局真正的轉折點。面對美國試圖切斷芯片出口、打壓中國科技產業的舉措，中國通過如DeepSeek等技術突破，展示了自身難以遏制的上升勢頭。美國根深蒂固的消費主義削弱了其國家意志，而中國人民不忘歷史、牢記使命，鍛造出了更為堅韌不拔的民族精神。戰略優先、集中投資與社會凝聚力，使中國能夠以美國碎片化體制難以匹敵的協調效率，動員各方資源。此外，中國的政治體制賦予其迅速修正錯誤、果斷應對挑戰的能力。中國政府在長期內保持政治穩定，與特朗普所代表的不穩定、以選票作為導向的美國政治形成鮮明對比。

（圖源：新政治家）

中國不僅在積極應對各種當前局勢，更在積極塑造全球未來，在電動汽車、太陽能及人工智能等關鍵領域快速領跑。相較之下，美國在整合政治與經濟資源、制定連貫的長期戰略方面舉步維艱。世界正處於一個新時代的門檻上，中國的實力、抱負與技術創新將日益決定全球發展的節奏。“中國世紀”已不再是遙不可及的設想，而是正在加速成為現實。世界各國應摒棄對美國復興的過時幻想，積極為一個由中國引領、充滿遠大志向與清晰戰略規劃的未來做好準備。

Short Summary

In the current competition for global dominance between the United States and China, an article published by The New Statesman suggests the smart bet is on China. Underneath all of the noisy hype about tariffs and trade wars, the real fight is being fought in the arenas of artificial intelligence, where China’s leadership puts the United States at a severe disadvantage. Whilst the U.S. under Trump stumbles along with short-termism, inflation, and internal political chaos, China quietly builds up its strength, mixing patriotism with investments in high technology. History, demography, and raw economic weight already favour China and, in purchasing power parity terms, China’s economy has already surpassed that of the United States.

The emergence of AI is the actual turning point. As America scrambles to choke off chip exports and throttle China’s tech industry, Chinese breakthroughs like DeepSeek illustrate how the momentum is no longer so readily stifled. America’s consumerist impulse softens national will, but China’s collective recall of past privation galvanizes a tougher, more determined nation. Strategic priority, centralized investment, and social cohesion provide China with the capacity to mobilize resources with a coherence that the fragmented American system cannot equal. Moreover, China’s political system enables it to recover rapidly and put things right with decisiveness and swiftness. Chinese government’s political stability in the long term is a contrast to the unstable, election-based calculations of Trump.

China is not only responding to events but actively driving the future of the world forward, charging ahead in electric vehicles, solar power, and now artificial intelligence. America, on the other hand, struggles to muster its political and economic resources into a coherent long-term plan. The world is on the cusp of a new age in which China’s strength, aspirations, and technological prowess will more and more determine the pace. The “Chinese century” is no longer a remote prospect – it is rapidly becoming a fact of life. Rather than hold onto old expectations of an American revival, the world needs to start getting ready for a future in which China is taking the lead in power, ambition, and a definite agenda for the decades ahead.

05

中國機器人正在崛起

**原標題：**Watch out, Elon Musk. Chinese Robots Are Coming: Why China May Win the Great Automaton Race

發佈機構：經濟學人（The Economist）

關鍵詞：機器人、中國科技

中文

在近日於北京舉行的一場半程馬拉松賽事中，一小隊人形機器人與數千名人類選手同場列陣。《經濟學人》在題為《小心了，埃隆·馬斯克：中國機器人正在崛起》的文章中指出，這一現象的背後，折射出中國在相關技術領域日益領先的地位，並將深刻塑造未來世界格局。在這場歡樂熱鬧的表象之下，亦藴含着一個嚴肅的信號：當美國企業如特斯拉高調宣揚其機器人計劃時，中國企業在政府支持、民間活力及深厚製造業基礎的推動下，正悄然在新一代人形機器人研發競賽中佔據先機。

這一變革絕非偶然。面對勞動力規模收縮的挑戰，中國已將人形機器人發展上升為國家科技戰略的重要組成部分，並將其融入更廣闊的科技強國建設大局之中。由騰訊、華為、比亞迪等巨頭支持的新興企業，如宇樹科技和智元機器人，正在加速擴張。同時，中國高度協同的供應鏈體系也為本國機器人制造商帶來了顯著優勢。無論是傳感器、執行器，還是電池等關鍵組件，中國企業均佔據主導地位，並通過規模化生產迅速降低成本，令西方競爭對手難以匹敵。

儘管美國在高端人工智能模型與先進芯片領域仍保有一定優勢，但中國正迅速迎頭趕上。以DeepSeek為代表的中國企業已展現出在美國技術封鎖下實現自主創新的能力。更為關鍵的是，中國對機器人“硬件軀體”供應鏈的掌控，使其在全球競爭中具備了結構性優勢；而美國則面臨製造成本上升以及與盟友關係緊張等多重困境。即便一向以“美國例外論”自詡的埃隆·馬斯克也坦言，除特斯拉之外，未來最具競爭力的人形機器人制造商將來自中國。

如果説未來屬於那些能夠將AI的“大腦”與可負擔、可規模化生產的機器人“軀體”有效結合的國家，那麼，屬於中國的時代正在到來。憑藉雄厚的製造實力、清晰的戰略眼光與持續不斷的技術創新，中國不僅正在重塑全球產業格局，更在塑造一個不可忽視中國科技力量的世界。這場在馬拉松賽場上看似輕鬆的展示，或許將在未來被視作機器人革命時代由中國引領的重要標誌。

Short Summary

At a recent half-marathon in Beijing, a small fleet of humanoid robots lined up alongside thousands of human runners. A recent article published by The Economist titled “Watch out, Elon Musk. Chinese robots are coming” draws on this and argues that, China’s growing lead in the technology will shape the future. Behind the cheerful spectacle lies a serious message: whilst American firms like Tesla boast of their robotic ambitions, it is Chinese companies – fuelled by government backing, private sector energy, and a deep manufacturing base – that are quietly pulling ahead in the race to build the next generation of humanoid machines.

The shift is not happening by accident. Faced with a shrinking workforce, China has made humanoid robotics a strategic priority, weaving it into its broader national drive for technological leadership. Startups like Unitree and AgiBot, backed by giants such as Tencent, Huawei and BYD, are scaling up at speed. Meanwhile, China’s tight-knit supply chains give its manufacturers a major edge. Whether it’s sensors, actuators, or batteries, Chinese firms dominate the key components needed to build robots at scale, and they are rapidly bringing down costs in a way their Western rivals cannot easily match.

Whilst the US still clings to advantages in high-end AI models and advanced chips, China is catching up fast. Companies like DeepSeek show that Chinese engineers are finding ways around the technology chokeholds imposed by Washington. More crucially, China’s ability to control the physical supply chain –  the “body” of the robot – puts it in a stronger position than the U.S., which faces rising costs and fraying alliances abroad. Even Elon Musk, never shy about American exceptionalism, admitted that after Tesla, the next strongest robot-makers are likely to be Chinese.

If the future belongs to those who can combine AI brains with affordable, scalable robot bodies, then China’s moment is arriving. Its manufacturing depth, strategic foresight, and restless innovation are not only transforming industries – they are shaping a world where Chinese technology will be impossible to ignore. What began as a playful display at a marathon may, in time, be remembered as a signpost pointing toward a Chinese-led era in the robotics revolution.

06

阿塞拜疆與中國

在絲綢之路願景下****鞏固戰略伙伴關係

**原標題：**Azerbaijan, China cement strategic partnership under Silk Road vision

發佈機構：阿塞拜疆新聞（AzerNews）

關鍵詞：中阿關係、“一帶一路”倡議

中文

在對中國進行訪問期間，阿塞拜疆總統伊利哈姆·阿利耶夫與中國領導人簽署了一項重要的聯合聲明，將兩國關係提升為全面戰略伙伴關係。這標誌着雙邊關係在經貿之外，在政治和戰略層面也實現了深度拓展，阿塞拜疆在中國“一帶一路”倡議（BRI）以及全球多極合作中的角色也進一步擴大。

可持續發展版“一帶一路”倡議主席凱瑟·納瓦布（Qaiser Nawab）稱此次訪問是一個“關鍵時刻”。雙方的合作展現了長期互信與共同目標，合作領域擴展到經濟發展、安全事務、氣候行動以及地區穩定等多個方向。憑藉其戰略地理位置，阿塞拜疆已成為中國全球佈局中的關鍵節點，帶來了更大的貿易、科技和投資機會。

雙方還同意在綠色能源、技術創新和工業現代化領域展開合作。預計中國的投資將助力阿塞拜疆建設可持續發展的經濟體系，並推動其高科技產業的發展。除了經貿合作，兩國還計劃加強文化交流、推進簽證便利化，並共同推動全球治理體系改革，增強發展中國家的話語權。

Short Summary

During his visit to China, Azerbaijani President Ilham Aliyev signed a major Joint Statement with the Chinese leadership, upgrading their relationship to a Comprehensive Strategic Partnership. This marks a serious deepening of ties — not just in trade, but also politically and strategically, with Azerbaijan playing a bigger role in China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) and in global multipolar cooperation.

Qaiser Nawab, Chairman of the Belt and Road Initiative for Sustainable Development, called the visit a defining moment. The partnership shows long-term trust and shared goals between the two nations, expanding into areas like economic development, security, climate action, and regional stability. Azerbaijan’s strategic location now makes it a crucial player in China’s global plans, opening up bigger trade, tech, and investment opportunities.

The two sides also agreed to work together on green energy, tech innovation, and industrial modernization. China’s investments are expected to help Azerbaijan build a sustainable economy and boost its high-tech industries. Beyond business, they’re also planning cultural exchanges, visa liberalization, and pushing together for reforms in global governance to give developing nations more of a voice.