蘇德戰爭,卻《烏克蘭買單》——埃德加·斯諾1945年名作_風聞
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美國記者埃德加·斯諾(1905-1972),是中國人民熟悉的老朋友。

他於1936年6月(時年31歲)抵達陝北蘇區,採訪中共高層領袖長達4個月,次年完稿出版的《西行漫記:紅星照耀中國》是其代表作。
由此,他被建國後的毛澤東主席和周恩來總理稱為中國人民的老朋友!
然而,他的其他足跡,中國人民就不大熟悉了。
今天着重介紹他的另一篇大作《烏克蘭買單》,是埃德加·斯諾1945年1月訪問烏克蘭的報道,也是一篇名作,中國人民難得一見。
此時,埃德加·斯諾的身份是美國《星期六晚郵報》的戰地記者,年齡40歲。

文章的發表版面
我們下面把該文英文文字打出來:
圖片説明文字
A scene that has been re-enacted many times in many a liberated city and village of the Soviet Union: Rejoicing inhabitants pour out their gratitude to the troops who freed them.
譯文:在蘇聯許多解放的城市和村莊,這一場景被多次重演:歡欣鼓舞的居民向解放他們的軍隊表達感激之情
The Ukraine Pays the Bill
烏克蘭買單
By EDGAR SNOW 埃德加·斯諾
KIEV, THE UKRAINE. 烏克蘭基輔報道
按語:
After an exhaustive per-sonal survey, a Post editor says the Ukraine has suffered more from Nazi pillage, needs more reconstruction,than any other part of Europe.
譯文:
經過郵報編輯(桑乾注: 指埃德加·斯諾本人)詳盡的個人調查,烏克蘭遭受納粹劫掠後,比歐洲任何其他地區都更需要重建。
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正文部分:
WHEN I left the Soviet Union in 1943, most of the Ukraine was still in Nazi hands. Since then, the whole valley of the Dnieper has been freed and Kiev itself, the ancient and picturesque citadel of the Southern Slavs, which was an outpost of European civilization a millennium ago, has been in Soviet hands more than a year.
譯文:1943年我離開蘇聯時,烏克蘭的大部分地區仍在納粹手中。從那時起,整個第聶伯河流域,包括基輔,這座南方斯拉夫人古老而風景如畫的城堡,千年的歐洲文明前哨,被解放回到蘇聯手中,已經一年多了。
(桑乾注:納粹德軍攻佔基輔的時間是1941年9月20日;斯諾是1942年10月從伊朗乘飛機✈️抵達莫斯科,後到蘇聯各地採訪6個月,著有《戰時蘇聯遊記》,1943年4月斯諾離開蘇聯,經波蘭等國至德國採訪。等到蘇軍收復基輔,時間是已經1943年11月6日,到美國記者埃德加·斯諾再次到訪的1945年1月,蘇軍已經重新掌控基輔1年零2個月)
Yet it was not till I came here on this sobering journey into the twilight of war that I quite realized the price which 40,000,000 Ukrainians have paid for Soviet victory. This whole titanic struggle,which some are so apt to dismiss as"the Russian glory”,has, in all truth and in many costly ways, been first of all a Ukrainian war. And greatest of this republic’s sacrifices, one which can be assessed in no ordinary ledger, is the toll taken of human life.No fewer than 10,000,000 people, I was told by a high Ukrainian official here, have been “lost” to the Ukraine since the beginning of the war. That figure excludes men and women mobilized for the armed forces.
譯文:
然而,直到我帶着清醒的心情來到這裏,我完全意識到,這已經是戰爭的黃昏之旅,4000萬烏克蘭人為蘇聯勝利而付出的代價。這場巨大的鬥爭,有些人很容易將其視為“俄羅斯的榮耀”,事實上,在許多方面,它首先是烏克蘭的戰爭。這個共和國最偉大的犧牲,一種非同尋常的犧牲賬本,是人類生命的損失。不只一位烏克蘭高層告訴我,烏克蘭戰爭以來,有1000萬平民失去生命,這個數字不包括加入武裝部隊的男性和婦女。
A relatively small part of the Russian Soviet Re-public itself was actually invaded, but the whole Ukraine, whose people were economically the most advanced and numerically the second largest in the Soviet Union, was devastated from the Carpathian frontier to the Donets and Don rivers,where Russia proper begins. No single European country has suffered deeper wounds to its cities, its industry, its farmlands and its humanity.
譯文:
俄羅斯蘇維埃社會主義共和國本身,實際只有一小部分(桑乾注:3%)受到了侵犯,但烏克蘭卻是整個(桑乾注:100%),其人民在經濟上是最先進的,在數量上在蘇聯排名第二。從喀爾巴阡山脈,到頓涅茨河和頓河的邊境,那裏才是俄羅斯本土的開始。沒有一個歐洲國家遭受過比它更深的創傷,包括它的城市、工業、農田及其人民的生命。
We may have forgotten how large a role American engineers and machinery played in the industrializa-tion of this republic, but the Ukrainians have not. Today, they hope for equally important American industrial help in recovering from the catastrophe.The postwar Soviet market for American goods is to a major extent a Ukrainian market.In the same degree, the heaviest Soviet war claims against Germany are Ukrainian claims.And in the mind of every Soviet diplomat, when he talks about postwar Europe,is the
thought that this union’s Ukrainian frontier must be flanked by such dependable structures of security that the cataclysm cannot be repeated.
譯文:
我們可能已經忘記了美國工程師和機械在這個共和國工業化中發揮的作用,但是烏克蘭人沒有忘記。 今天,他們希望從美國獲得與以前一樣的重要工業援助,以從災難中恢復過來。可以説,戰後蘇聯對美國商品的需求市場主要是烏克蘭市場。在相同程度上,蘇聯對德國最嚴厲的戰爭索賠也是烏克蘭的索賠。在每個蘇聯外交官心目中,在談到戰後歐洲時,認為這個聯盟的烏克蘭邊境必須是可靠的安全結構在側,這場災難不能重演。
Because of that, if for no other reason, we should become more familiar with the Ukruinian people,which has its own langunge and culture and history,older than and quite distinct from that of grent Russia. And possibly partly because of that also, I have found, dur-ing my visit here, an extraordinary spirit of cordiality and frankness, and an almost unique readiness to supply facts and figures where they seem available.
譯文:
因此,如果沒有其他原因,我們應該更加熟悉烏克蘭人民。他們有自己的語言、文化和歷史,比俄羅斯的歷史更古老,並且與俄羅斯的歷史有着明顯的不同。也許有部分原因在於,在我訪問這裏時,我發現了一種非凡的親切和坦率的精神,以及幾乎獨一無二的隨時可以提供的事實和數據。
The rest of the U.S.S.R. is fifty times the size of the Ukraine, but formerly the latter accounted for about half the giant nation’s key industry. One distrct alone produced more pig iron and steel than Japan, Belgium, Italy and Poland taken together. Ukrainian mines supplied half the hard coal and three fourths of the coking coal for the entire Soviet Union. The Ukraine produced 62 per cent of Soviet iron ore, and its bauxite mines furnished 70 per cent of prewar Soviet aluminum.
譯文:
蘇聯其他地區的面積是烏克蘭的五十倍,但以前後者約佔蘇聯一半的關鍵產業。一個烏克蘭,生產的生鐵和銅,就超過了日本、比利時、意大利和波蘭的總和。烏克蘭的煤礦,供應了整個蘇聯一半的硬煤和四分之三的焦煤。烏克蘭還生產了蘇聯62%的鐵礦石,其鋁土礦佔戰前蘇聯的70%。
At Zaporozhe,on the Dnieper, Soviet engineers put into operation the largest electrical-power station in Europe.By 1941,Ukrainian electrical energy was twenty-four times greater than the amount developed in 1913, and the output of Ukrainian metalworking industries had increased thirty-four times.With the aid of 100,000 tractors,the well-stocked Ukrainian farms were highly mechanized.Ukrainian agriculture was 99 per cent collectivized and it grew a fifth of the nation’s wheat and more than a third of its sugar beets. Its farms were among the most prosperous in Europe.
譯文:
在第聶伯河上的扎波羅熱,蘇聯工程師投入運行了歐洲最大的發電站。到1941年,烏克蘭的發電量是1913年的24倍;烏克蘭金屬加工業的產量增長了34倍。隨着10萬台拖拉機的援助,儲備充足的烏克蘭人農場實現了高度機械化。烏克蘭農業集體化達到99%,生產了全蘇五分之一的小麥,和三分之一以上的糖用甜菜。它的農場是歐洲最繁榮的農場之一。
No wonder Hitler believed that if he could close his fist over the black soil of the Ukraine he could force Russia to her knees. And if he had been allowed to take over all this muscle and power intact, then he might indeed have been far more successful.But as early as July 3,1941,Stalin decided to apply a scorched-earth policy where it proved impossible to carry means of production to the rear.
譯文:
難怪希特勒相信,如果他能把他的拳頭砸在烏克蘭的黑土上,就可以強迫
俄羅斯跪下。如果他能完整接管這些肌肉和力量,那麼他可能在事實上,取得更大的成功。但早在1941年7月3日,斯大林就決定實施焦土政策,針對那些事實證明不可能攜帶到後方的生產設施。
Thus, with heavy heart, the Red army blew up the great Dnieprostroy power project in August,1941. A painful sigh spread over Russin, but it was a necessary act. It not only greatly delayed the Nazi advance but made it impossible for the enemy to operate the tre-mendous industrial complex around Dnepropetrovsk, just as similar sabotage rendered the rich Donets Basin practically useless to the invaders.
譯文:
因此,懷着沉重的心情,紅軍於1941年8月炸燬了偉大的第聶伯斯特羅伊電力工程。痛苦的惋惜聲甚至傳遍俄羅斯,但這是一種必要的行為。這不僅大大延緩了納粹的進攻,還使敵人無法運作第聶伯羅彼得羅夫斯克周圍的龐大工業綜合體,就像類似的破壞,使富饒的頓涅茨盆地讓入侵者幾乎毫無用處。
From other Ukrainian cities many thousands of tons of machinery were moved eastward, to become the nucleus of new plants set up in Siberia and Central Asia.In most cases, such machinery will remain where it is.Ukrainian leaders count little on it for direct re-placements-though, of course, some of it will repro-duce itself to help restore its former hearth and home.
譯文:
成千上萬噸的機器,從烏克蘭其他城市向東移動,成為在西伯利亞和中亞建立新工廠的核心。但在大多數情況下,這些機器仍將留在原地,確實如此。烏克蘭領導人幾乎不指望它能直接重新安置,儘管當然,其中一些會自我改造,以幫助恢復以前的家園。
However, the more or less orderly evacuation of such vital movable machinery and the demolition of many key plants were only the beginning of the war’s cost to the Ukraine. Taken by surprise, the Red army had to withdraw histily and leave the greater part of the induatry behind.
譯文:然而,這些重要可移動機械或多或少有序撤離和許多關鍵工廠的拆毀,只是烏克蘭戰爭代價的開始。出乎意料的是,紅軍不得不歷史性地撤退,身後留下大部分工業。
筆者注:以上英文,從報紙圖片中謄錄,中譯文為本人翻譯,水平有限,所譯文字是否準確,不敢絕對保證,僅供愛好者參考。
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