蒂亞戈·諾加拉|特朗普的批評，掩蓋不了馬查多獲諾貝爾和平獎的實質

【文/觀察者網專欄作者蒂亞戈·諾加拉（Tiago Nogara）]

委內瑞拉極右翼主要領袖瑪麗亞·科里納·馬查多（María Corina Machado）近日摘得2025年諾貝爾和平獎。據頒獎委員會的聲明，此獎項旨在表彰她“為促進委內瑞拉人民民主權利不懈努力，為實現從獨裁到民主的公正和平過渡持續鬥爭”【1】。

2025年諾獎委員會將和平獎授予委內瑞拉極右翼領袖瑪麗亞·科里納·馬查多

這番評價與國際資本控制的主流媒體近來鋪天蓋地的宣傳口徑高度吻合——他們將馬查多塑造成遭馬杜羅政府“威權迫害”卻仍無私捍衞民主的象徵。

然而其真實政治軌跡與這般包裝大相徑庭，此次獲獎本身正好可以看作觀察當今世界政治意識形態氣候的典型樣本。

2005年馬查多與喬治·布什會晤

去年，當西方媒體鋪天蓋地炒作“允許馬查多參選”時，阿根廷政治學家阿蒂略·博龍曾精準梳理了其政治軌跡【2】。在2002年那場推翻並綁架查韋斯總統的可恥政變中，時任非政府組織“團結”領導人的馬查多簽署了臭名昭著的“卡莫納法令”——這份由自封總統的商人佩德羅·卡莫納頒佈的文件，悍然解散了委內瑞拉所有民主機構。

2005年，她不僅因簽署政變文件，更因被證實收受美國國會資助的“國家民主基金會”5.3萬美元資金，被判28年監禁。同年她受邀進入白宮橢圓形辦公室與布什密談，據披露正是為在美洲峯會前尋求美國支持推翻查韋斯憲政政府——當時白宮正力推美洲自由貿易區計劃。博龍犀利指出：馬查多最終獲得查韋斯特赦，但“在其他任何國家，她絕無可能像在委內瑞拉這樣持續從事政治活動至今”【3】。特赦並未阻止她繼續從事陰謀活動與反民主勾當。

當2014年及2017年爆發類似顏色革命的暴力抗議時，馬查多迅速接受巴拿馬政府委任的美洲國家組織OAS“候補大使”職務，藉此在常任理事會要求外國軍事幹預推翻馬杜羅政府。在瓜伊多自立“臨時政府”期間，她更參與了導致委內瑞拉國家資產被帝國主義勢力掠奪的陰謀。正是這些行徑導致其於2015年被判處15年，不得擔任公職。

然而在2024年大選中，她仍通過其代理人——退休外交官埃德蒙多·岡薩雷斯持續操控選戰。正如委內瑞拉的史蒂夫·埃爾納教授所述【4】，前十場大型造勢活動中埃德蒙多僅出席一場，馬查多實際仍是競選核心。所謂“替代候選人”不過是為規避資格禁令、維持其政治影響力的障眼法。

委內瑞拉的街頭抗議活動（guarimbas）遵循了由帝國主義利益贊助的顏色革命的著名劇本，其特點是廣泛的暴力和呼籲國際干預。

馬查多的政治綱領一貫是對經濟自由主義毫不妥協的捍衞，她公開宣稱打算啓動大規模私有化進程——包括委內瑞拉國家石油公司（PDVSA）以及查韋斯政府時期國有化的全部企業。她的父親恩裏克·馬查多·祖洛亞加（Enrique Machado Zuloaga）曾是冶金行業的大企業家，並擔任委內瑞拉鋼鐵公司（SIVENSA）的總裁，該公司旗下子公司圖爾比奧鋼鐵公司（SIDETUR）於2010年被徵用。毫不意外，馬查多始終主張推翻烏戈·查韋斯和尼古拉斯·馬杜羅執政期間進行的所有徵用。

諾貝爾獎結果公佈後，媒體報道大量聚焦於所謂的唐納德·特朗普及白宮的不滿情緒，鑑於特朗普曾公開為自已贏得該獎進行造勢——就在上個月他還聲稱，如果諾貝爾和平獎不授予他，“那將對美國是巨大的侮辱”。【5】 然而，這種特定方面的不滿絲毫掩蓋不了委內瑞拉極右翼利益與美國帝國主義利益之間的清晰一致性。畢竟，馬查多是由一羣美國共和黨參議員和眾議員提名該獎項的，其中還包括特朗普的國務卿馬可·魯比奧（Marco Rubio）和現任美國駐聯合國大使邁克爾·沃爾茲（Michael Waltz）。

她的國際政治觀與華盛頓的鷹派人物完美契合，並且她毫不掩飾自己對拉丁美洲左翼運動或對致力於構建多極化世界秩序的獨立國家的極端厭惡。

在2022年3月X平台的一篇帖子中，馬查多宣稱“馬杜羅如今是俄羅斯、中國和伊朗的棋子”，【6】在近期更是宣稱“一旦我們剷除了馬杜羅政權，我們將解放古巴和尼加拉瓜”。【7】

今年二月，馬查多參加了在馬德里舉行的“歐洲愛國者”集團會議，該會議以“讓歐洲再次偉大”為口號，聚集了歐洲極右翼勢力，她毫不避諱地出現在一個呼應“收復失地運動”（Reconquista，從極右視角呼籲歐洲人自己“奪回”歐洲）這一極端反動口號的環境中。【8】

馬查多同樣是以色列極右翼的知名同情者：早在2018年，她甚至請求以色列總理本雅明·內塔尼亞胡對尼古拉斯·馬杜羅政府進行軍事幹預，並在此場合承諾：“我保證有一天我們將建立起委內瑞拉和以色列之間的緊密關係，我相信並可以宣佈，我們的政府將把我國大使館遷往耶路撒冷……這將是我們支持以色列國的一部分。”【9】

瑪麗亞·科麗娜·馬查多和委內瑞拉極右翼公開主張對他們的國家實施美國製裁，甚至軍事幹預。

因此，將諾貝爾和平獎授予當今世界最反動、最暴力勢力的公開擁護者，實在極具諷刺意味。這些人捍衞的帝國主義政策在全球煽動戰爭、制裁與衝突，他們推崇的超自由主義經濟議程則剝奪多數人獲取財富的權利，將其集中於資助這類意識形態傳播的少數富豪手中。更有甚者，馬查多不僅是極右翼暴力議程的鼓吹者，更是拉丁美洲反動精英對華盛頓利益卑躬屈膝的典型代表——她竟公開支持針對本國人民的屈辱性制裁乃至軍事幹預。

將諾貝爾和平獎授予這樣一位聲名狼藉的反動分子，分明是"換湯不換藥"的又一例證。帝國的忠實僕從躋身虛偽的神壇早已不是新鮮事——曾參與美方在越南、柬埔寨屠殺暴行，並染指拉美軍事獨裁的基辛格，最終也獲此殊榮；而奧巴馬憑藉謙和姿態與温和言辭，上任未滿一年便獲頒獎項，隨後卻支持北約對利比亞的軍事幹預，使這個曾居非洲人類發展指數榜首的國家陷入崩潰，淪為通往歐洲的人口販運通道，最終導致該國領導人卡扎菲被折磨身亡。

特朗普及其追隨者上演的鬧劇——指責諾貝爾委員會“將政治置於和平之上”【10】——掩蓋不了馬查多獲獎最明顯的實質：全球資本主義精英階層對極右翼和新法西斯主義日益增長的青睞。

今年諾貝爾和平獎（或許該稱其為“戰爭獎”？）的評選確實讓政治利益凌駕於和平之上，但這絕非違背美帝國主義的意願。古諺有云要警惕“披着羊皮的狼”，但馬查多根本不屑偽裝——這匹狼向來明目張膽地展示其真實面目：既標榜着對新法西斯主義的支持，又彰顯着對華盛頓的卑躬屈膝。（翻頁查看英文版）

The Nobel “Peace” Prize Rewards María Corina Machado’s Subservience to Imperialist Interests

María Corina Machado, the main leader of Venezuela’s far right, has just been awarded the 2025 Nobel Peace Prize. According to the committee that granted her the prize, the award recognizes her “for her tireless work promoting democratic rights for the people of Venezuela, and for her struggle to achieve a just and peaceful transition from dictatorship to democracy.”【1】 This description fits neatly within the narrative that has been widely spread in recent times by the major outlets of the international capitalist press, which portray Machado as a selfless defender of democracy and of the Venezuelan people, unjustly persecuted by the supposed authoritarian excesses of Nicolás Maduro’s government. However, her trajectory diverges sharply from such characterizations, and her selection as the 2025 Nobel Peace Prize laureate says much about the current political and ideological climate of the world in this historical juncture.

Last year, amid the flurry of headlines calling for permission for Machado to run as the opposition’s candidate in Venezuela’s presidential elections, Argentine political scientist Atilio Boron offered an excellent recap of her political path.【2】 During the shameful coup d’état that overthrew and kidnapped President Hugo Chávez in 2002, Machado—then one of the leaders of the NGO Súmate—signed the infamous “Carmona Decree,” issued by businessman Pedro Carmona Estanga, who proclaimed himself president after Chávez’s arrest and dissolved all of the country’s democratic institutions. In 2005, she was tried and sentenced to 28 years in prison, not only for signing the “Carmona Decree” but also for the proven receipt of a $53,000 subsidy from the National Endowment for Democracy, funded by the U.S. Congress. That same year, she was received by U.S. President George Bush for a private conversation in the Oval Office, reportedly to discuss seeking U.S. support for the overthrow of President Hugo Chávez’s constitutional government ahead of that year’s crucial Summit of the Americas, where the White House hoped to advance the FTAA. As Boron aptly noted, Machado was eventually pardoned by then-President Hugo Chávez and, contrary to the current narrative, “in no other country could Machado have continued to do politics as she has done in Venezuela to this very day.”【3】 After all, the pardon did nothing to stop her conspiratorial and anti-democratic activities.

When the brutal “guarimbas” erupted—first in 2014 and again in 2017, reminiscent of the violent protest movements typical of CIA-made color revolutions—Machado conveniently accepted the post of “alternate ambassador” of Panama’s government to the OAS, where she asked the Permanent Council to organize a foreign military intervention to overthrow Nicolás Maduro’s government. During the establishment of Juan Guaidó’s self-proclaimed and illegitimate “parallel government,” Machado was likewise complicit in the schemes that resulted in the theft of Venezuela’s public assets by imperial powers. It was in this context that she was disqualified for 15 years from holding public office in 2015. Nevertheless, she remained active, leading a number of campaign activities for her puppet in the 2024 presidential race, retired diplomat Edmundo González. As professor Steve Ellner observed,【4】 Edmundo attended only one of the first ten major opposition rallies ahead of that election—clearly demonstrating Machado’s leadership and prominence in them. His “substitute” candidacy was nothing more than a way to bypass Machado’s disqualification and keep her at the center of attention.

Machado’s political platform has always been the uncompromising defense of economic liberalism, openly declaring her intention to launch a massive privatization process—including PDVSA and the entire set of companies nationalized by Chávez’s governments. Her father, Enrique Machado Zuloaga, was a major businessman in the metallurgical sector and president of Siderúrgica Venezolana S.A. (SIVENSA), one of whose subsidiaries, Siderúrgica del Turbio (SIDETUR), was expropriated in 2010. Unsurprisingly, Machado has consistently championed the reversal of all expropriations carried out under Hugo Chávez and Nicolás Maduro.

Following the announcement of the Nobel result, media coverage focused heavily on the alleged discontent of Donald Trump and the White House, given that Trump had openly campaigned to win the prize himself—stating just last month that “it would be a great insult” to the United States if the Nobel Peace Prize were not awarded to him.【5】 However, such sectoral discontent in no way conceals the clear alignment between the interests of the Venezuelan far right and those of U.S. imperialism. After all, Machado was nominated for the prize by a group of Republican senators and congressmen, among them none other than Marco Rubio, Trump’s Secretary of State, and Michael Waltz, the current U.S. ambassador to the UN. Her vision of international politics aligns perfectly with that of Washington’s hawks, and she makes no effort to conceal her extreme aversion to Latin American leftist movements or to sovereign nations striving to build a multipolar world order.

In a March 2022 post on X, Machado declared that “Maduro is now a pawn of Russia, China, and Iran,”【6】 and more recently proclaimed that “once we remove Maduro’s regime, we’re going to liberate Cuba and Nicaragua.”【7】In February, she joined the meeting of the “Patriots for Europe” group, which brought together the European far right in Madrid under the slogan “Make Europe Great Again,” shamelessly parading in an environment echoing the ultra-reactionary slogan of the “Reconquista” (invoking, from a far-right perspective, the “retaking” of Europe by Europeans themselves).【8】 She is also a known sympathizer of Israel’s far right: in 2018, she even asked Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu for military intervention against Nicolás Maduro’s government, promising on that occasion, “I promise that one day we will have a close relationship between Venezuela and Israel, and I believe and can announce that our government will move our embassy to Jerusalem… that will be part of our support for the State of Israel.”【9】

It is therefore deeply ironic that the Nobel Peace Prize should be awarded to an open defender of what is most reactionary and violent in today’s world: the imperialist policies that fuel wars, sanctions, and conflicts across the globe, and the ultra-liberal economic agenda that deprives the majority of access to wealth, concentrating it in the hands of a small group of multimillionaires who sponsor the dissemination of such ideology. Moreover, Machado is not merely an advocate of the far right’s violent agenda but stands as one of the clearest embodiments of the servility and submission of Latin America’s reactionary elites to Washington’s interests, openly supporting humiliating sanctions and even military interventions against her own people.

It is clear that the awarding of the Nobel Peace Prize to such a notorious reactionary can be seen as yet another case of “old wine in a new bottle.” It is hardly new that the empire’s faithful servants find their place on the altar of hypocrisy. Being complicit in the American bloodbaths and massacres in Vietnam, Cambodia, and across the military dictatorships of Latin America did not prevent Henry Kissinger from receiving the same honor. And the smiles and soft tone of Barack Obama were enough for the committee to grant him the award in his very first year in office—shortly before he backed NATO’s arbitrary military intervention in Libya, which transformed what had been Africa’s highest-ranking country on the Human Development Index into a failed state and a human trafficking route to Europe, culminating in the ruthless assassination of its historical leader, Muammar Gaddafi.

The theatrics of Trump and his acolytes—claiming that the Nobel Committee places “politics over peace”【10】—do not conceal the most evident aspect of María Corina Machado’s award: the growing sympathy among large segments of the global capitalist elite for the far right and neo-fascism. Political interests indeed prevailed over those of peace in the awarding of this year’s Nobel Peace Prize (or should we say, the Nobel of War?), but certainly not against the will of U.S. imperialism. There’s an old saying warning us to beware of “wolves in sheep’s clothing.” In the case of María Corina Machado, there is no such disguise, for this wolf has never been ashamed to show her true skin in broad daylight—marked unmistakably by her support for neo-fascism and her humiliating servility to Washington.

【1】 The Nobel Prize. “Announcement, Nobel Peace Prize 2025.” The Nobel Prize, October 10, 2025. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/2025/press-release/

【2】 Atilio Borón. “María Corina Machado and the Betrayal of Venezuela.” Orinoco Tribune, February 13, 2024. https://orinocotribune.com/maria-corina-machado-and-the-betrayal-of-venezuela/

【3】 Atilio Borón. “María Corina Machado and the Betrayal of Venezuela.” Orinoco Tribune, February 13, 2024. https://orinocotribune.com/maria-corina-machado-and-the-betrayal-of-venezuela/

【4】Steve Ellner. “María Corina Machado: What the Mainstream Media Isn’t Saying About Her.” Venezuelanalysis, July 8, 2024. https://venezuelanalysis.com/opinion/maria-corina-machado-what-the-mainstream-media-isnt-saying-about-her/

【5】O Globo. “Trump não ganha Nobel da Paz e Casa Branca reage: ‘Nunca haverá ninguém como ele’; entenda escolha do Comitê.” O Globo, October 10, 2025. https://oglobo.globo.com/mundo/noticia/2025/10/10/trump-e-ignorado-pelo-nobel-da-paz-de-2025-apesar-de-acordo-de-cessar-fogo-em-gaza.ghtml

【6】María Corina Machado. “Maduro es hoy un peón de Rusia, China e Irán.” X (Twitter), March 7, 2022. https://x.com/mariacorinaya/status/1500514790602596352

【7】El Nacional. “María Corina Machado: ‘Una vez que saquemos al régimen de Maduro, vamos a liberar a Cuba y Nicaragua.’” El Nacional, June 13, 2025. https://www.elnacional.com/2025/06/maria-corina-machado-una-vez-que-saquemos-al-regimen-de-maduro-vamos-a-liberar-a-cuba-y-nicaragua/?utm_source=Twitter&utm_medium=social&utm_campaign=social&fbclid=IwY2xjawNV8KRleHRuA2FlbQIxMQBicmlkETFzbGxaRmRHZ2F4d2lWMzFSAR7CxAjWeT80_OUD9eJliC29-3R6PLLWqLkPBEW3GnK0-G-vDhKvzQxM6cG5cA_aem_VFke1_aNIn-ZeD4LmuP4cg

【8】Reuters. “Orban, Le Pen Hail Trump at Far-Right ‘Patriots’ Summit in Madrid.” Reuters, February 8, 2025. https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/orban-le-pen-hail-trump-far-right-patriots-summit-madrid-2025-02-08/

【9】Fuser News. “María Corina Machado prometió a Israel en 2020 trasladar embajada de Venezuela a Jerusalén.” Fuser News, June 3, 2024. https://fusernews.com/maria-corina-machado-prometio-a-israel-en-2020-trasladar-embajada-de-venezuela-a-jerusalen/

【10】Reuters. “White House Says Nobel Committee Puts ‘Politics over Peace.’” Reuters, October 10, 2025. https://www.reuters.com/world/americas/white-house-says-nobel-committee-places-politics-over-peace-2025-10-10/

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